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The right to health in international public law, constitutions of European countries with special reference to Serbia
Full text linkAs a matter of fact, states have universally recognised the right to
health in international agreements, but protection of this right at the national level remains incomplete. At a time of renewed interest in the international human right to health, it is useful to identify and examine the provisions of the constitutions throughout Europe regarding right to health.
These provisions indicate a national commitment towards the assurance of
access to high quality and affordable health care for all peoples. In addition, such constitutional provisions may be important factors in the international campaign to promote the recognition and implementation of the
international human right to health domestically throughout the world. Scientific criteria used to evaluate the Constitutions of European countries as
well as the Constitution of Serbia are based on the normative and comparative method. Also, in this paper is analyzed the Constitution of Serbia in
order to determine potentially problems aiming to help resolving them
properly
Ustav od 1974. – federalna država, konfederacija ili nešto treće?
No full textU radu autor odgovara na nekoliko povezanih pitanja, kako bi, na
kraju, odgovorio i na noseće pitanje, da li je, barem kada je reč o obliku
državnog uređenja, Ustav od 1974. godine, nagovestio ili uzrokovao
kraj jugoslovenske države? Prvo pitanje je, da li je ta državna struktura bila federalna? Ukoliko je odgovor negativan, da li je možda
reč o nekom obliku konfederalnog odnosa ili se radilo o državnom
uređenju sui generis? Na kraju, daje se ocena uticaja odredbi koje se
tiču državnog uređenja na kasniju opstojanost i postojanost jugoslovenske države. Imajući u vidu sva ta povezana pitanja, u radu se
prvo izlažu razlike između federalne države i konfederacije. Nakon
toga, na osnovu prethodnih nalaza, izvlače se zaključci o karakteru
jugoslovenske države prema Ustavu od 1974. godine, a kako bi se
pružio odgovor na navedeno ključno pitanje, da li je Ustav od 1974.
godine zaista nagovestio ili uzrokovao kraj jugoslovenske države
Vansudski metodi rešavanja sporova diskriminacije u oblasti rada i zapošljavanja u Republici Srbiji – pravno-empirijska analiza
No full textLica koja pretrpe diskriminaciju u oblasti rada i zapošljavanja mogu da ostvare sudsku ili vansudsku zaštitu. Pravni poredak Republike Srbije pruža mogućnost sprovođenja nekoliko vansudskih postupaka, i to: pred Poverenikom za zaštitu ravnopravnosti, Republičkom agencijom za mirno rešavanje radnih sporova, kao i putem posredovanja. Predmet istraživanja u ovom radu jesu vansudski metodi rešavanja sporova povodom diskriminacije u oblasti rada i zapošljavanja u pravnom sistemu Republike Srbije. Cilj istraživanja jeste da se poređenjem tri navedena vansudska metoda ispita efikasnost i delotvornost njihove primene u praksi kroz pravno-empirijski metodološki okvir. To podrazumeva da će pored normativne analize, autori ispitati i problem nastanka i snošenja troškova realizacije ovih postupaka, zatim pravila o teretu dokazivanja pred Poverenikom, pojavu eksternih efekata usled njihove primene, kao i druge podsticaje za izbor jednog od ovih postupaka. Rezultati analize ukazuju da je u posmatranom vremenskom periodu (2009‒ 2024) najviše bio korišćen mehanizam podnošenja pritužbe instituciji Poverenika, neznatno Agenciji, dok za posredovanje nedostaju podaci. U zaključku se razmatraju implikacije nalaza na dalji razvoj vansudskih metoda za rešavanje sporova diskriminacije u oblasti rada i zapošljavanja, kao i na unapređenje sistema praćenja njihove primene
Report on the Assessment of Needs for the Child Sensitive Budgeting Capacity development in Serbia
No full textUticaj veštačke inteligencije na položaj osoba sa invaliditetom
Full text linkVeštačka inteligencija je danas postala sveprisutna i svojim delovanjem značajno transformiše svakodnevni život ljudi. U ovom radu analizira se uticaj veštačke inteligencije na položaj i prava osoba sa invaliditetom, polazeći od definicije veštačke inteligencije i razmatranja kako je regulisana u međunarodnim instrumentima. Nakon toga rad se fokusira na uticaj veštačke inteligencije na prava garantovana Konvencijom UN o pravima osoba sa invaliditetom, a zatim se ukazuje na neke od trenutnih inovacija koje doprinose poboljšanju položaja kvaliteta života osoba sa invaliditetom. U drugom delu rada istražuju se dileme i izazovi koje donosi veštačka inteligencija a koji naročito mogu pogoditi osobe sa invaliditetom, te se preporučuje razvoj regulatornih okvira, smernica i politika kako bi se osiguralo poštovanje njihovih prava, dostojanstva i interesa. Zaključna razmatranja ukazuju na ključnu ulogu veštačke inteligencije u stvaranju inkluzivnog društva, ali se naglašava i potreba za odgovornim regulisanjem kako bi se sprečile negativne posledice na prava ove ranjive grupe osoba
Artificial Intelligence and Personal Income Taxation
Full text linkAI has already replaced some jobs traditionally performed by humans and has the potential to replace many more human jobs in the future leading to massive unemployment. With less human workforce, revenues from the employment income might be affected, resulting in less tax and contributions revenues collected. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of AI on human labour with an effect on taxes and contributions from the employment income, and to analyse solutions that have emerged over the years to tax AI in order to recover the potential loss of tax revenue. Starting from the hypothesis that, in order to protect the fiscal interest of the states, new taxation perspective on AI is needed, the author will mostly employ comparative method and partially statistical method
Grounds for exclusion of liability for damage caused by artificial intelligence: A traditional approach to new trends
Full text linkThe subject of this paper is the analysis and reconsideration of the grounds for exclusion of liability for damage caused by artificial intelligence. The aim of the paper is to identify and examine the relevant bases of liability for damage caused by artificial intelligence and, accordingly, to present the potential grounds for its exclusion. The paper, therefore, seeks to outline the exonerating grounds that may apply within the framework of traditional tort law in the continental legal tradition, as well as to highlight potential difficulties or shortcomings in their application to cases where damage has been caused by artificial intelligence in the broadest sense of the term. The purpose of the paper is also to emphasize the need to analyze and reconsider traditional legal concepts in order to ensure their alignment with modern legal developments, particularly in light of the continuous digitalization and rapid advancement of artificial intelligence in the modern era. In preparing this paper, the relevant legislation of the Republic of Serbia has been used, along with instruments aimed at harmonizing artificial intelligence law at the level of the European Union, such as the Artificial Intelligence Act and the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Adapting Non-Contractual Civil Liability Rules to Artificial Intelligence
Designing European “Policies fit for the future”: how about reviving the idea of a European foreign minister?
No full textOn December 19, 2024, the European Council adopted a highly significant document, which represents a strengthened reflection of traditional visionary tendencies of the European project. In its Conclusions, this body reminded that European Union has a continuing obligation to reinforce its global engagement. These official remarks should probably be taken seriously, because they seem to be entirely in line with the European Union’s Strategic Agenda for 2024-2029, adopted earlier in 2024. The Agenda calls for “ensuring coherent and influential external action” of the European Union, reminding at the same time that its institutional structures are ripe for “the necessary internal reforms”. Re-imagining the European foreign policy can be based, at least partially, on thinking over an idea of creating the post of the European Minister for Foreign Affairs. In this paper, the patterns for reforming the European foreign policy institutional structure and normative framework are explored. After the introductory part, crucial explanations why the Union’s foreign policy is in dire need to be reformed are summed up. In the following section of the paper, some of the weaknesses of the existing foundations of the European diplomacy, personalized by the partly anachronistic office of the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, are exposed. The fourth part is dedicated to exploring potential roles of a unique European foreign minister in creating a more coherent European foreign policy, including the predictable challenges that might stand in the way of reviewing the existing European political and legal framework in this regard. The paper ends with conclusions that, in the field of its foreign affairs, the European Union may and should be rearranged to develop into a coherent entity representing more than just a sum of its parts