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Harmonization of family law in the EU with special reference to the marriage contract
No full textFamily law is not uniformly regulated in the European Union. There are numerous reasons for the absence of uniform regulation (family law regulation is strongly influenced by the culture and traditions of a nation, and as such is not easily subject to change; great complexity of issues family law deals with; nonexistent uniform positive attitude of legal theorists regarding the necessity and usefulness of harmonization, etc.).
The increased movement of people and goods within the Union conditioned an increasing number of cases where problems arose precisely because of non-existing uniform rules in this area. In this paper, we analyze the development of views on the harmonization of marital matters in the EU in general. Special attention is paid to the steps taken in the EU to harmonize property-related family matters. In the process of harmonization, property law issues proved to be a more suitable ground for harmonization, considering their lesser attachment to certain characteristics of the community. In addition, harmonization is easier to imagine in contractual matrimonial matters (compared to legally prescribed property models), and the marriage contract is considered to be a very suitable instrument for the potential harmonization of this legal area. For this reason, the paper analyzes in more detail the acts passed in connection with the marriage contract. Based on the analysis of the mentioned questions we give our proposal of possibilities for further harmonization in this legal area
Monetary compensation for non-material damage caused by violation of the presumption of innocence in media reporting
No full textThe Criminal Procedure Code contains the norm by which it is prescribed
the public information media are among the entities that are
obliged to respect the presumption of innocence. Although the legislator
sought to ensure the presumption of innocence as a guarantee of
the procedural rights of the accused, lawmaker did not prescribe the
consequences of its immediate violation. The author deals with the
question of whether an individual has the right to compensation for
non-material damages if that right is violated. In the first part of the
paper, the author concludes that the presumption of innocence can be
considered a personal right, which enjoys civil protection. In the further
part of the paper, the author emphasizes that the violation of the
presumption of innocence is not a sufficient condition for individuals
to realize the right to monetary compensation for non-material damage.
In accordance with the accepted subjective concept of non-material
damage, it is necessary that there is a violation of the right to the
presumption of innocence, that the person must suffer psychological
stress of sufficient intensity and that there is a causal connection. The
author, with examples from court practice, points to the inconsistent
acceptance of this concept of non-material damage in procedures
for compensation for damages due to the violation of the presumption
of innocence by means of public communication. In the second
part of the paper, the author analyzes the criteria for determining the amount of monetary compensation. Since the legal standards are set
by law, the author tends to illustrate how judicial practice specifies
these criteria in cases concerning the compensation of non-material
damages caused by the violation of the presumption of innocence by
the public information media. The author criticizes the entrenched
depersonalized approach in determining the compensation amount
in these cases, considering it does not fully correspond to the harm
suffered by the person sustaining damage
The bank’s liability for damages resulting from the execution of unauthorized payment transactions
No full textThe way in which liability for damages is classified significantly
determines the positions of both the wrongdoer and the injured
party. This is because the rules governing contractual and tort liability
differ substantially and can lead to different consequences.
The subject of this paper concerns the attempt to classify the
bank’s liability for damages caused by the execution of unauthorized
payment transactions. Recognizing the complexity and insufficient
exploration of this topic, the author believes that an analysis
of the legal nature of the bank’s liability for damages could be
of considerable practical importance. During the analysis of the
issue, a distinction is made between cases where the bank caused
harm to its client by unauthorized debiting of the client’s payment
account and cases where the harm was caused by unauthorized
debiting of a non-payment account. It seems that these two situations
should be treated differently concerning the classification
of the nature of the bank’s liability for damages. Accordingly, the
paper analyzes both situations in isolation, presenting arguments
in support of the suggested classification of the bank’s liability, all
with the aim of providing the most adequate answer to the question
posed and with the intention of protecting the bank’s client as
the economically weaker contracting party
Roman constitutional model as an instrument of peace in post-conflictual societies – negotiated sovereignty and consociational democracy
No full textThe subject of this paper is the search for new possible constitutional solutions
for re-uniting the states divided by ongoing or frozen conflicts. Based on some
recent experiences, especially Dayton accord that ended the war in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, author believes that roman constitutional model, as opposed to
commonly diffused Germanic or Anglo-Saxon model, constitutes a more useful
resource of rules that could be basis for developing new legal instruments
to resolve current and future conflicts. Among them, of special interest are
the idea of complex electoral system with guaranteed seats for certain societal
groups and voting by not necessarily territorial-based electoral units, imperative
mandate as an element of direct democracy, the “negative power”, i.e. the
possibility of some political bodies to block the decisions of other bodies, and
the decision-making by consensus of the members of political bodies
The impact of climate change on state sovereignty
No full textClimate change is a global phenomenon that knows no boundaries and therefore
has the potential to seriously disrupt traditional concepts of state sovereignty.
Climate change leads to extreme weather events such as hurricanes,
floods, and droughts. In June 2009, the United Nations General Assembly recognized,
in resolution A/64/281, that climate change can have implications for
security. When states face serious difficulties in addressing these issues, their
ability to maintain sovereignty over their territory can be called into question.
Rising sea levels result in the loss of territory for archipelagic states, which can
lead to the extinction of statehood and the loss of international subjectivity.
Increased climate migration can lead to demands for changes in borders or
territorial autonomy, which could threaten the sovereignty of existing states.
The first part of the article analyzes the concept of international subjectivity
of states and state sovereignty in the classical sense, then examines the issue of
deterritorialized states due to the impact of climate change. The article then
analyzes how climate migration and the emergence of climate refugees affect
state sovereignty. Particular attention is paid to potential demands for territorial
and cultural autonomy by climate refugees from climate-deterritorialized
states
Etička i finansijska dimenzija sudske samouprave – prikaz tendencija u Srbiji
Get PDFPravosudni saveti su tela koja štite nezavisnost i pravosudnog
sistema i pojedinačnih sudija, istovremeno garantujući efikasnost i kvalitet
sudstva. Pojedini autori poslednjih godina pitanje tela sudske samouprave
posmatraju šire, tako da ne obuhvataju samo pravosudne savete, već i druga tela
u okviru sudskog sistema koja ispunjavaju sledeće uslove, dok drugi autori za
potpunije sagledavanje šireg spektra nadležnosti tela sudske samouprave predlažu
klasifikaciju na osam različitih dimenzija sudske samouprave. U radu autorka
posvećuje pažnju aspektima etičke i finansijske dimenzije sudijske samouprave.
Kroz kritičko sagledavanje pitanja od značaja za sudijsku etiku i tela koje se
stara o poštovanju i primeni etičkih pravila, te pripremu budžeta Visokog saveta
sudstva i budžeta za rad sudova, autorka ukazuje na dostignuća u ovim oblastima
ostvarenim pre usvajanja novog seta pravosudnih zakona 2023. godine, te na
nedostatke i propuste novog zakonskog okvira
Savremena praksa priznanja država – između prava i politike
No full textSvaki novi sukob između Izraela i Palestine, kao i tenzije na spornim područjima
poput Kosova i Metohije, ponovo otvaraju pitanje priznanja novonastalih država.
Proces priznanja je složen i zavisi od spleta političkih interesa, međunarodnog
prava i geopolitičkih prilika. Države često priznaju nove entitete prema svojim
političkim i ekonomskim interesima, što je vidljivo u slučaju priznanja Kosova,
jer su stavovi država bili različiti. Dvostruki standardi međunarodne zajednice,
kada se pojedini slučajevi proglašavaju za sui generis slučajeve u međunarodnom
pravu, ukazuju na potrebu za preispitivanjem prakse priznanja država. U ovom
radu razmatraju se pravne posledice priznanja, teorije priznanja, kao i istorijska
praksa. Analizira se koliko međunarodne i regionalne organizacije doprinose
legitimizaciji i (ne)priznanju novih država. Posebna pažnja u radu posvećena je
savremenim primerima (ne)priznanja Severnog Kipra, Katalonije. Palestine i
Kosova, uz uporednu analizu sličnosti i razlika među ovim slučajevima. Na kraju
se razmatraju moguća rešenja za unifikaciju pravila, veću pravnu sigurnost i
izbegavanje politizacije prilikom priznanja novih država
Pokolj navijača Nucerije u Pompeji 59 godine nove ere – pravni aspekti
No full textPredmet istraživanja je masakr navijača iz rimskog gradića Nucerije od
strane navijača grada Pompeje koji se dogodio 59. godine nove ere u masovnoj
tuči na gladijatorskim igrama u Pompeji, a koji opisuje rimski istoričar Tacit.
Autor na osnovu opšteg istorijskog i pravnog konteksta analizira pravne mere
koje je rimski Senat preduzeo povodom ovog događaja: zabranu organizovanja
igara na period od deset godina za grad Pompeju, zabranu rada navijačkih
udruženja umešanih u masakr, te kaznu progonstva za organizatora igara i
podstrekače i kolovođe masakra. Autor pokušava na osnovu uporedne analize
pravnih i literarnih izvora da preciznije utvrdi kakva je bila pravna kvalifikacija
na osnovu koje su ove mere one donete, kakav je bio njihov karakter, te njihovo
dejstvo
Evropska zdravstvena unija
No full textPandemija kovida 19 je ozbiljno dovela u pitanje osnove na kojima počiva zdravstvena
politika Evropske unije. Kako je zdravstvena politika tradicionalno bila u nadležnosti država
članica Evropske unije, pandemija virusa korona ukazala je na nedostatke ovakvog sistema
i neophodnost uspostavljanja bliže saradnje među državama članicama. Ideju o kreiranju
Evropske zdravstvene unije uspostavila je predsednica Evropske komisije 2020. godine, dok
će o realizaciji predloženog plana govoriti godine pred nama. Rad je podeljen na način da u
prvom delu autor izlaže terminološka određenja medicinskog i zdravstvenog prava. Drugi deo
je posvećen pravnoj regulativi javnog zdravlja unutar primarnih izvora prava, dok je treći deo
posvećen inicijativi za stvaranje Evropske zdravstvene unije. Unija bi imala za cilj očuvanje
i unapređenje zdravlja građana EU, jačanje zdravstvenih sistema i povećanje sposobnosti za
odgovor na buduće pandemije
Prevara u dokumentarnom akreditivu u anglosaksonskom pravu
No full textBrzo, jednostavno i efikasno funkcionisanje dokumentarnog akreditiva se zasniva na poštovanju dva osnovna načela,
načela poslovanja dokumentima a ne robom, načela autonomije akreditiva i doktrine stroge saobraznosti. U slučaju kad se svi učesnici u
akreditivnom poslu ponašaju savesno i u skladu s navedenim načelima
dokumentarni akreditiv štiti interese svih strana i vrši ulogu
sredstva obezbeđenja izvršenja obaveza i sredstvo plaćanja. Međutim,
strogo i formalno tumačenje i poštovanje ovih načela otvara prostor za razne pokušaje zloupotrebe akreditiva, pre svega prevarnim
ponašanjem korisnika akreditiva koje se manifestuju kroz podnošenje
tzv. "praznih dokumenata", koji su po spolјnom izgledu saobrazni uslovima akredtiva. U takvim slučajevima, akreditivna banka je suočena
sa pitanjem da li i u kojoj meri poštovanje akreditivnih načela može
biti u koliziji sa opštim pravnim načelima, kao što je načelo savesnosti i poštenja ili dobre vere, kao i pitanjem njihove hijerarhije Budući da pitanje uticaja prevare na akreditivna načela nije zakon-
ski regulisano u nacionalnim pravima, u radu je analizirana praksa
američkih i engleskih banaka iz koje se postepeno stvara običajno pravo koje je izvršilo značajan uticaj i na kontinentalna prava i praksu