JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
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Synergistic Effect of Areca catechu L. Ethanolic Extract and Its Chloroform Fraction with Doxorubicin on MCF7
No full textEkstrak etanol biji buah pinang (Areca catechu L.) menunjukkan efek sitotoksik pada sel kanker MCF7 dan WiDr. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari efek sinergisme antara ekstrak etanol biji buah pinang (AE) dan fraksi kioroforrnnya (ACF) dengan doxorubicin (Dox) dalam pemacuan apoptosis sel MCF7. Ekstrak etanol dipartisi dengan n-heksan dan kloroform untuk mendapatkan fraksi kloroforin. Efek sitotoksik.AE, ACF, dan Dox pada perlakuan tunggal dan kornbinasi ditentukan dengan metode MTT. Penganiatan apoptosis dilakukan dengan pengecatan DNA dengan akridin oranye-etidium bromida (double staining). Imunositokimia dilakukan untuk melihat ekspresi COX-2 dan Bax. Kombinasi Dox 100, 250, 334, dan 500 nM dengan AE 8 µg/ml; Dox 100 nM dengan AE 20 µg/ml; serta Dox 100 dan 250 nM dengan ACF 7 dan 18 µg/ml memperlihatkan efek sinergistis yang kuat (CI 0,1-0,3). Sernentara itu, kombinasi Dox 250, 334, dan 500 nM dengan AE 20, 27, dan 40 µg/ml; Dox 100 nM dengan AE 27 dan 40 µg/ml; Dox 100 nM dengan AE 20 µg/mi; Serta 500 nM dengan ACF 24 dan 35 µg/ml menunjukkan efek sinergistis (CI 0,3-0,7). Secara keseluruhan, kombinasi AE dan ACF dengan Dox memperiihatkan efek sinergistis pada MCF7 dengan indeks kombinasi (CI) kurang dari 0,9 (P<0,05). Periakuan kombinasi juga memacu apoptosis. Penekanan ekspresi Bcl-2 terjadi padaperlakuan kombinasi ACF-Dox. Hasil penelitian ini menunjulckan bahwa koinbinasi AE dan ACF dengan Dox memberikan efek sinergistis dalam pemacuan apoptosis dengan kemungkinan mekanisme meialui penekanan ekspresi Bcl-2
Karakterisasi Senyawa Utama Ekstrak Daun Aglaia elliptica Blume dan Uji Sitotoksisitas pada Sel Kanker Payudara
No full textAIglaia elliptica Blume is one of plant species from the genus of Aglaia, belonging to the family of Meliaceae. This group of plants is known to have powerful cytotoxic effect. This research was conducted to isolate and characterize major compound(s) from ethanol extract of Aglaia elliptical leaf that can be used as marker compound(s) for extract standardization. Approximately 1000 g of Aglaia elliptica Blume leaf dry powder was extracted with ethanol using maceration method. Ethanol extract was then fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Six sub-fractions were obtained from the Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) process of ethyl acetate fraction. Based on the HPLC profile and separation process using column chromatography and preparative HPLC, a major compound (with the weight of 36.80 mg) was successfully isolated from sub-fraction H. Analyses on its UV absorbance pattern, mass spectra, and proton NMR identified the isolated compound as a compound with molecular weight of 300, C18H24N2O2, known as odorin. Cytotoxicity test showed that odorin has inhibition effect against MCP-7 cell line with IC5O of 153.32 ppm
Penangkapan Radikal 2,2-Difenil-1-Pikril Hidrazil oleh Ekstrak Buah Psidium guajava. L dan Averrhoa carambola L.
No full textTwo fruits, Guava (Psidium guajava L.) and Carambola (Averrhoa cammbola L.), Which are frequently consumed by Indonesian people, have been evaluated for its activities as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. The fruits were macerated, evaporated, dissolved in Water, partitioned with chloroform and then with aethyl acetate to afford methanolic extract and fractions of chloroform, aethyl acetate, and Water respectively. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of each extract and fraction Were determined by spectrophotometric technique and used to evaluate the correlation between the natural chemical contents and their activities as DPPH radical scavengers. The results showed that extracts and fractions of R guajava L. fruit have more ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) radical than those of A. carambola L. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of extracts and fractions of R guajava L. fruit are also higher than those of A. cammbola L
Lauret-7-Sitrat sebagai Detergensia dan Peningkat Busa pada Sabun Cair Wajah Glysine soja (Sieb.) Zucc
No full textSoya milk is an extraction product from soya bean that can be used as humectant due to its amino acids which are similar to those in our skin, such as glycine, serine, alanine, asparagine, ornithine, citruline, proline, and 17 other amino acids. ln this study, a liquid facial Wash containing soya milk using lauret-7-citrate (concentration 0, 1, 2, and 3%) was formulated that could affect the surface active characteristis, and the foam formation. The organoleptic characteristics, density, viscosity, rheology, surface tension, foam height and stability of foam height in pure and hard Water were determined at 25°C and 40°C for 8 Weeks. The results obtained showed that the best facial Wash was that contained 15% soya milk (2% lauret-7-citrate) of which had the following properties: a pseudoplastic rheology, a density of 1.076-l.079 g/cm3, a viscosity of 14,550-17,300 cPs, a surface tension of 25.41-27.18 dyne/ cm3, foam height in pure Water of 850-866.67 ml and in hard Water 466.67-600 ml, and stable at pH 4.99-5.00
Ekstraksi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Antimikroba Herba Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.)
No full textPhyllanthus niruri L. herbs was extracted using ethanol 96%, ethylacetate and n-hexane. The rendements were respectively 49.25% (for ethanol extract), 4.18% (ethylacetate extract) and0.78% (n-hexane extract). Identification of the ethanol extract using phytochemical assays resulted in alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, and tannin compounds. Purification of the ethanol extract using thin layer chromatography (TLC) with n-hexane-ethylacetate (6:4) followed by the inhibitory activity test using bioautography TLC showed that the spot of Rf 0,46 inhibited Staphylococcus aureus and that of Rf 0,66 inhibited Candida albicans. Analysis with infra red spectrophotometer showed that the ethanol extract has hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O) functional groups
Uji Ketersediaan Hayati Tablet Parasetamol dan Tablet Teofilin pada Kelinci
No full textThe objective of this research is to evaluate the bioavailability of paracetamol tablet to Panadol and theophyllin tablet to Bronsolvan in rabbits. The study Was conducted employing a same subject design using male rabbits which were divided into 2 groups (5 rabbits for each group). The group I was given a single oral antipyretic tablet (paracetamol 500 mg) and the group H was given a single oral antiasthmatic tablet (theophyllin 130 mg). After Wash out period, the group I Was given asingle oral Panadol tablet (paracetamol 500 mg) and the group ll Was given a single oral Bronsolvan tablet (theophyllin 150 mg). Serial blood samples were taken at various interval time for HPLC analysis of unchanged form of paracetamol and theophyllin in blood. Based on the data of the concentration over the time, the pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmaks, tmaks, and AUC0- ̴ ) were determined and compared using statistic analysis paired t test with 95% degree of comidence. The results indicated that the bioavailability of antipyretic and antiasthmatic tablet is not significantly difference to the respective controls (P>0,05)
Identification of a Triterpenoid Saponin from Seeds of Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz
No full textBarringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz (nama local: keben) termasuk ke dalam suku Lecythidaceae, dan biasanya digunakan sebagai racun ikan. Tanarnan ini banyak tumbuh di sekitar pantai, sepanjang sungai, atau di hutan bakau. Secara tradisional, keben digunakan untuk pengobatan yang pemakaiannya berbeda-beda di setiap daerah, seperti obat sakit perut, hernia, dan sakit kepala. Biji tanaman ini mengandung saponin yang diperkirakan berperan sebagai zat bioaktifnya. Ekstrak metanol dari biji ini dipartisi dengan etilasetat- air (1:1) dan ekstrak air yang diperoleh dimurnikan dengan kromatografi kolom (LH-20; MeOH; MeOH 50%; air) hingga memberikan suatu serbuk amorf yang berwarna coklat. Dari hasil identifikasi struktur kimia dengan FT-IR, RMI (protondan karbon), diperkirakan komponen ini adalah senyawa triterpenoidsaponin 3-0-{[ β -D-galaktopiranosi1(1→3)-β-D-glukopiranosil(1→2)]-β-D-glukuronopiranosiloksi}-22- O-(2-metilbutiroiloksiy-15,16,28-trihidroksi-(3β,15α,16 α,22 α)-olean-12-en
Formulasi Gel Pengelupas Kulit Mati yang Mengandung Etil Vitamin C dalam Sistem Penghantaran Macrobead®
No full textTo recover good appearance of skin, dead skin cells should be removed, among others by using exfoliating agent, and to preserve the fresh skin ethyl vitamin C could be used as an antioxidant. Formulation and evaluation of skin exfoliating gel containing ethyl vitamin C in Macrobead® delivery system, using acrylates copolymer and carboxy vinyl polymer as gel bases have been carried out. The gel evaluation included physical evaluation and safety examination. The results showed that ethyl vitamin C could be trapped into Macrobead® system with good absorption inthe ratio of active content and Macrobead® of 3:4. Based on the physical evaluation of the gel formula, it was found that formula with acrylates copolymer base has altered the consistency and homogenity of gels, but not the formula with carboxy vinyl polymer base. Gels using carboxy vinyl polymer showed good physical stability for28 days of storage. The safety evaluation indicated that the preparation was safe to be used for it did not cause irritation on consumers skin. The examination showed that the preparation could exfoliate dead skin cells and thus freshen the users’ skin effectively
Surveilens Epidemiologi HIV/AIDS di Rumah Sakit Pemerintah di Jakarta Selatan pada 2005
No full textHIV/AIDS has become a pandemic disease Which hits the Whole World including Indonesia. Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are drugs pursuing HIV replication. A Government Hospital in South Jakarta is among hospitals that accept training on Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) by the Department of Health, Republic of Indonesia, and has been a reference hospital for the medication of HIV/AIDS and its associated opportunistic infection in people With HIV/AIDS. This epidemiologic surveillance was conducted to find out proportion number, Case Fatality Rate (CFR), incidence rate and prevalence rate of all incidents related to HIV/AIDS. Data collection for people with HIV/AIDS was done through drug counseling cards, medical records and the laboratory examination results, and data analysis Was performed using Stata 7.0 software. Antiretroviral diugs often used in the Government Hospital in South Jakarta were Duviral-Neviral, Duviral-Evafir and Hiviral-Stavudin-Evahr. The results of this study show that the goals of the surveilance conducted can be achieved except for the number of incidence. Among 397 patients suspected to have HIV/AIDS, 324 patients had risk factor of HIV/AIDS, 240 patients were diagnosed positive HIV 290 patients Were severed with opportunistic infections, and 104 patients died
Efek Pasca Antibiotik Ciprofloxacin terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 dan Escherichia coli ATCC 25922
No full textPost antibiotic effect is the period required by bacteria to physiologically recover after exposure to antibiotics at certain concentrations and exposure time. This study investigated the post antibiotic effect of ciprofloxacin, one of quinolon derivative with broad spectrum antibiotic activity and highest sensitivity towards both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2593 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Lorian gel membrane filtration technique was used and bacteria were exposed to the antibiotic at a concentration of 10 times of the minimum inhibitionconcentration (MIC) for 2 hours. The findings demonstrated strongly that post-antibiotic effect of the two bacterial strain were different. The Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) had shorter recovery time Within 2-3 hours When compared to the Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) which recovered from the post-antibiotic effect Within 3-4 hours