JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
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Isolasi Senyawa Manitol dan Ergosterol dari Fraksi Isopropanol Jamur Tanduk (Termitomyces eurrhizus Berk)
No full textJamur tanduk (local name), Termitomyces eurrhizus Berk, is one of mushroome species from genus Termitomyces. The edible mushroom can be found in various areas in Indonesia. In this study, determination of chemical structure of components in the mushroom extract has been made. Based on interpretation of spectra data ultra-violet, infra red, nuclear magnetic resonance one dimension (proton, carbon and DEPT) and NMR two dimension (COSY, HMQC and HMBC), two compounds: mannitol and ergosterol, has been isolated from isopropanol fraction of the extrac
Pemakaian Sel HeLa dalam Uji Sitotoksisitas Fraksi Kloroform dan Etanol Ekstrak Daun Annona squamosa
No full textCustard apple (Annona squamosa) is a favorite fruit in Indonesia. The leave of this plant is used and known for long time as an astringent, antiinflammatory, birth control, and antitumor agents. Previous experiments on toxicity using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method indicated that the chloroform fraction of custard apple leaves was toxic to the shrimp larvae with LC50 value at 1.77µg/ml. This experiment was carried out to investigate further the possible role of custard apple leaves as an anticancer agent using HeLa cell line. Experiment was initiated by extracting the leaves using 70% ethanol by means of maceration. The macerate was then fractionated further using chloroform as solvent. The ethanol fraction and chloroform fraction were used in cytotoxicity assay using (cervix cancer) HeLa cell line. Cytotoxicity assay Was done using direct counting method. The amount of living cells were observed and counted, death percentage Was then determined and probit analysis Was applied to determine the LC50 value. LC50 value for ethanol fraction from the leaves of custard apple (Annona squamosa) Was 7.695 µg/ml While for chloroform fraction was 4.547 µg/ml based on cytotoxicity analysis using HeLa cells. This experiment concluded that theleaves of custard apple (Annona squamosa) has cytotoxicity toward HeLa cell lines which confirmed the previous toxicity experiment using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method. Overall, this experiment indicated that the leaves of custard apple (Annona squamosa) have anticancer activity
Penapisan Fitokimia, Uji BSLT, dan Uji Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol beberapa Spesies Papilionaceae
No full textAccording to literatures, many plants of Papilionaceae family such as red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L_), green bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) and soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) contain flavonoid, isoflavonoid and vitamin E. They all have antioxidant activity and are potential to reduce free radical. This research was aimed to identify secondary metabolites of crude powders and extracts of red bean, green bean and soybean. The bioactivity of each extracts was evaluated with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (B SLT) method for preliminary assesment of toxicity. It was also evaluated for antioxidant activity using 1,1 difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) method. The results showed that red bean, green bean and soybean contain saponin, flavonoid, steroid/triterpenoid, coumarin, and tannin. The result of BSLT showed that LC50 (Lethality Concentration 50) of red bean was 213.21 ppm; green bean 390.71 ppm; and soybean 252.75 ppm. The result of DPPH tests showed that IC50 (Inhibition Concentration 50) of red bean was 47.54 ppm; green bean 95.08 ppm; and soybean 90.43 ppm
Radiolabelling Optimization of Cells with 51Cr(VI) for Measurement of Immune Responses after Anti-Rabies Vaccinations
No full textTelah dilakukan optimasi penandaan sel dengan 51Cr(VI) untuk penentuan respon imun setelah vaksinasi antirabies. Optimasi dilakukan karena, pada pengerjaan awal, penandaan yang didasarkan pada prosedur yang telah dipublikasi memberikan hasil penandaan dan cacah per menit per sel (CPM/ sel) yang rendah. Sangat kontras dengan yang pernah dilaporkan, penandaan dalam media lengkap (media + feral bovin serum, FBS) memberikan efisiensi penandaan hanya 3.7 ± 0,7% dan CPM/sel ≤ 0.02 (persyaratan untuk chromium release assay ≥ 0.2 CPM/sel). CPM/sel dari sel bertanda tetap rendah Walaupun diinkubasi selama lima jam. Penandaan kemudian dilakukan dalam media yang tidak mengandung FBS, atau tanpa media di mana 51Cr langsung ditambahkan pada sel, untuk mengamati apakah ada kompetisi antara sel dengan FBS dalam mengikat 51Cr Efisiensi penandaan dalam media OPTI, EMEM 10, PBS, dan air, atau tanpa media memperlihatkan peningkatan yang sangat berarti. Efisiensi penandaan paling tinggi (96,3 ± 3,9 %) dengan CPM/sel (1 ,7 ± 0,07) Serta kehidupan sel yang terjaga (2 80%) diperoleh dengan media OPTI. Eiisiensi penandaan dan CPM/sel dalam media lain relative lebih rendah, yaitu 12-26% dan 0,07-0,13. Sel Vero dan sel fetus ayam, yang juga dapat digunakan untuk penentuan respon imun setelah vaksinasi antirabies, ditandai pula dengan 51Cr dalam media OPTI. Penandaan dalam kondisi ini memberikan hasil yang memuaskan (efisiensi ~ 90%, dan CPM/sel > 1,5). Hasil penandaan di atas mengindikasikan adanya kompetisi antara FBS (albumin) dalam penandaan sel dengan 51Cr Sel yang ditandai dengan 51Cr dalam media OPTI telah berhasil digunakan untuk penentuan respon imun setelah vaksinasi antirabies secara intradermal dan intramuskular
Produksi Kit Immunoradiometricassay (IRMA) CA-125 untuk Deteksi Dini Kanker Ovarium
No full textOvarian cancer is the second highest incidence after cervix cancer, but has higher fatality level than cervix cancer. Generally, patient is known suffering ovarian cancer in very late stadium, III or IV, which is almost incurable. Cancer Would be easier to cure if detected early. In blood of ovarian cancer patient, Carbohydrate Antigen-125 (CA-125), an antigenic glycoprotein, is presence in a very low concentration initially and will increase proportionally with the level of malignancy. Therefore, early detection of ovarian cancer can be carried out by measurement of low level CA-125 in the blood. The most suitable method for the measurement is immunoradiometricassay (IRMA). Our laboratoryhas developed CA-125 IRMA kit since 2003, at first in form of CA-125 IRMA kit components that consisted of 125I-CA-125 tracer, CA-125 standard, and monoclonal antibody-coated tubes. We then made assay optimization of the IRMA CA-125 kit which gave B/T value of 19.05%, NSB value of 0.53% and Working area of 0 to 200 mIU/mL. Our further Works on validation of IRMA CA-125 kit using high and low concentration quality control (QCH and QCL) showed an intra assay (n=15) CV value of 9.9% for QCL and 2.97% for QCH, While inter assay (n=7) CV value of 13.1% and 4.9% for QCL and QCH respectively. The results comply with the IAEA protocol requirement
Technetium-99m-Human IgG Radiopharmaceuticals: Preparation, Biodistribution and Infection Imaging in Mice
No full textTechnetium-99m-Immunoglobulin-G preparation and analysis were carried out using human immunoglobulin-G (IgG) which was conjugated with hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) prior to labeling with technetium-99m (99mTc), and the HYNIC-IgG molecules were stabilized with a co-ligand, tricine. Tricine was prepared both in the form of lyophilized kits and in frozen solutions and their stabilities were compared. The effect of pH on the labeling efhciency was also studied. Characterization of native IgG as well as the radiolabeled IgG were carried out using size exclusion HPLC, whereas the labeling efficiency of 99mTc-HYNIC-IgG was determined using thin layer and paper chromatographic methods. The stability of radiolabeled 99mTc-HYNIC-IgG at room temperature as well as in human serum were investigated by observing the radiochemical purity within 4 hours in vitro. The shelf-life of Lmlabeled HYNIC-IgG stored at -40°C and tricine kits stored at 4°C were determined. Biodistribution of 99mTc- HYNIC-IgG in healthy mice and in infection-induced mice and rats were also studied. The HPLC results showed that the native and radiolabeled IgG had similar retention times, which indicated that conjugation and radiolabeling processes did not affect the integrity of the IgG molecules. The radiochemical purity of 99mTc-HYNIC-IgG was high - more than 90% - without purification step, and the preparation was stable up to 4 hours. Tricine kits prepared at pH 3 was proven to produce clear solution and high labeling yield, while pH 4 produced slight opalescence solution which turned to turbid after a few hours. Biodistribution studies in healthy mice showed an obvious uptake in liver but normal distribution in other tissues, while biodistribution in infection-induced mice showed significantly different uptake between infected tissues, i.e higher than normal tissues. Blood clearance was achieved within 2 hours and excretion via urine and faeces were observed within 24 hours. It is concluded that the preparation using human IgG showed high uptake in the infection site, and the 99mTc-HYNIC-IgG can be a promising radiopharmaceutical for infection or inflammation imaging
Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Tunggal dan Kombinasinya dari Tanaman Curcuma spp.
No full textThe aim of this research is to investigate the antioxidant activity of the simple extract and its combination from the rhizome of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza), temu giring (Curcuma heyneana), temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa), and kunyit (Curcuma Zonga) using the free radical scavenging effect methode namely DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). The use of combination extract is to explore, wether the antioxidant activity are sinergistic or antagonistic. The rhizomes of each plants were extracted With methanol, then partionated to n-hexane. The result indicated that the single methanol extract of kunyit(Curcuma Ionga) at 100 ppm showed the biggest activity (90.04%), While the combination extract of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza) and kunyit (Curcuma Zonga) performed the biggest scavenging activity (98.75%) by ratio 1:1
Pengaruh Proses Pengembangan dan Revisi Formularium Rumah Sakit terhadap Pengadaan dan Stok Obat
No full textAppropriate selection of medicines is needed to support its rational use. Medicines selection based upon a hospital formulary is an attempt to uncreate the medicine efficiency management. The objective of this study Was to evaluate and compare the intrinsic value of seven grade C-hospital formularies in Yogyakarta, also concerning the development and revision of the used fonnularies. The result showed that the percentage of purchase of non-formularium medicines and that of the non-formularium medicines in stock were influenced by the frequency of revision of the formulary itselfand drug policy in relation to the addition and deletion process of the used fonnulary. Non-formulary medicines purchase was low in hospitals which frequently revised the formulary, but hospital With no policy concerning addition and deletion increased the purchase of non formulary medicines. Besides that the use of brand name products in hospitals of the state was much lesser than that used in non-state hospitals (296-532 vs 573-1575). Fonnulary evaluation of state hospitals in comparison with non-state hospitals Were as follows: essential medicines (41-71% vs 20-28%), medicines with primary literature (73-90% vs 67-73%), drugs with single component (41-71% vs 20-28%) The quality of formulary in state and non-state grade C-hospitals in Yogyakarta must be improved
Analisis Urea-Kreatinin Tikus Putih pasca Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Mahkota Dewa dan Herba Pegagan
No full textThe evaluation of toxicity of a mixed herbal extract containing mahkota dewa fruits (Phaleria macrocarpa Scheff. Boerl) and pegagan leaves (Centella asiatica L. Urban) on Wistar-strain rats had been carried out by the determination of the urea and creatinine content in urine and plasma after feeding. Oral doses of 100 mg, 500 mg, and 2500 mg of the mixed extract/kg body Weight were administered for 16 consecutive weeks to three groups of rats. Each treated group consisted of 15 males and 15 females, and the control group was represented by 10 males and 10 females. Samples of urine and plasma of the treated groups were taken at the time right before treatment (Week zero) and at Sm, 16th, 18th Week, while those of the control were taken at zero Week, 8th, and 16th Week, respectively. The result showed that theurea and creatinine contents among the treated and control groups were not signihcantly different. It could be concluded that oral administration ofthe mixed extract by a dose up to 2500 mg/kg body weight for 16 Weeks did not influence the urea and creatinine contents both in urine and plasma of the treated animals. Based on this result, it could be assumed that the use of the mixed extract is safe
Identifikasi Senyawa Kimia dalam Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa), Thymelaceae
No full textConsecutive extraction of Indonesian medicinal plant, fruit of mahkota dewa, Phaleria macrocarpa (Thymelaceae), by n-hexane, aethylacetate, methanol and then Water afforded fatty acids, steroids, benzophenone and carbohydrate. Elucidation of the chemical structure of the isolated compounds was based upon the spectroscopic spectra such as ultra violet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance (proton and carbon)