JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
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Formulasi Edible Film Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle L.) sebagai Antihalitosis
No full textHalitosis (bad breath) is the most complained problem among mouth and teeth health. The source of halitosis are volatile sulfur compounds produced by Streptococcus mutans from degradation of food debris. Sirih leaves (Pqaer betle L.) are traditionally used as mouth antiseptic for its volatile oil. The aim of this research was to formulate sirih extract into an edible film. The leaves were macerated with 96% ethanol for 24 hours, resulting to an extract with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on Streptococcus mutans of 8.49x10-3 g/ml. The extract with strength quadruple of the MIC, or equal to 0.92% povidone iodine, was formulated using 23 factorial design. Com starch, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and sorbitol were independent variables and drying time, moisture, hlm thickness, disintegrating time, and iilrn strength were the dependent ones. The results showed that HPMC significantly fastened the drying time, decreased the moisture, and lengthened the disintegrating time. Sorbitol significantly lengthened the drying time, increased the moisture, and strengthened the film, while corn starch decreased the moisture and lengthened the disintegrating time. Optimation of the formula ingredients using contour plot superimposed cannot be determined due to edible film disintegrating time that was out of comparative interval
Pengaruh Rasio Campuran Etanol-Air sebagai Pelarut Ekstraksi terhadap Mutu Ekstrak Herba Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.)
No full textEffects of ratios of ethanol-water as extracting solvent in obtaining extractable material, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from the herb of Phyllanthus niruri Linn. have been investigated. The ratios tested were 100:0, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. The results revealed that the ratio of ethanol-Water used gave significant effect on extractable material, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity (p<0.05). Among the ratios tested, the best result was obtained by ethanol-water of 60:40 as extracting solvent for the herb of Phyllanthus niruri Linn. to obtain phenolic compound which has antioxidant activity.Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh perbandingan etanol-air sebagai pelarut ekstraksi terhadap perolehan kadar bahan terekstraksi, senyawa fenolat dan aktivitas antioksidan dalani herba meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn). Perbanclingan etanol-air yang diuji adalah 100:0, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 dan 50:50. Hasil penelitian inenunjukkan bahwa perbandingan etanol-air rneinberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap perolehari bahan terekstraksi, kadar senyawa fenolat dan aktivitas antioksidan (p<0,05), Di antara perbandingan etanol-air yang diuji, hasil yang terbaik ditunjuldcan oleh perbandingan etanol-air 60:40 sebagai pelarut ekstraksi untuk herba meniran guna memperoleh senyawa fenolat terbanyak yang berkhasiat antioksidan
Uji Sitotoksisitas Ekstrak Etanol Herba Ceplukan (Physalis angulata Linn.) terhadap Sel T47D secara In Vitro
No full textCutleaf groundcheny (Physalis angulata Linn.) is a popular traditional medicine. This experiment was conducted to investigate the possible role of the herbal extract as an anticancer agent using T47D breast cancer cell line. Cytotoxicity assay was caried out by direct counting method. Breastcancer T47D cell lines Were treated with 70% ethanol extract from cutleaf groundcherry fruit with serial dilution of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.25 µg/ml for 24 hours of incubation at 37°C As a positive control doxorubicin was also tested on the breast cancer T47D cell lines with serial dilution of 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.312, and 0.156 µg/ml for 24 hours of incubation at 37°C The amount of living cells were observed and counted, death percentage was then determined and probit analysis was used to determine the LC50 value. The LC50 value for ethanol extract from the fruits was 28,02 µg/ml While doxorubicin as the positive control was 0,113 µg/ml. It is concluded that the cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata) fruits have a cytotoxic activity toward T47D (breast cancer) cell lines which confirmed previous toxicity experiment using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Jatrophone dari Akar Jarak Merah (Jatropha gossyptfolia) serta Evaluasi Sifat Toksik dan Sitotoksiknya
No full textIsolation and identitication of secondary metabolites from root of Jatropha gossypyolia, and also its biological activity test toward microbes and tumor cells have been conducted, Isolation was carried out by using vacuum liqiud chromatography (VLC) method (adsorbent: silica gel, eluent: mixture of n-hexane, ethylacetate, chloroform, and methanol). The isolate molecular structure Was determined by spectroscopic technique i.e. FTIR, NMR-ID, 13C-DEPT, NMR-2D, comparing the data obtained with related data from literatures. Its biological activity was evaluated against bacteria (Acetobacter sp., Escherecia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus sp.), fungi (Aspergillus nigcr, Pentcillium sp. [grey], Penicillium sp. [White] and Rhizopus sp.), and murine leukemia P-388 cells. The results showed that the isolate is a white needle crystal which is identified as jatrophone. Jatrophone is very active toward Acetobacter sp. (bacteria) and A. niger (fungi) with growth inhibition Zone of 3,6 cm and 4.4 cm, respectively. Meanwhile, jatrophone has low activity against murine leukemia P-388 cells with IC50, > 100 µg/mL.Isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder dari akar jarak merah (Jatropha gossypyfolia), serta uji sifat toksik terhadap mikroba dan sitotoksiknya terhadap sel tumor telah dilakukan, Isolasi senyawa dikerjakan dengan menggunakan kromatograti kolom vakum (adsorben: silica gel, eluen: campuran n-heksan, etilasetat, kloroform, dan metanol). Identifikasi struktur dilakukan menggunakan teknik spektroskopi (F TIR, NMR-1 D,13C/DEPT, NMR-2D) dan membandingkan data tersebut dengan data sejenis yang telah dilaporkan. Sifat toksik dievaluasi terhadap bakteri Acetobacter sp., Eschericia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Streptococcus sp., jarnur Aspergilus niger, Penicillium (grey), Penicillium sp. (wliite) dan Rlzizopus sp., serta sitotoksik pada sel murine leukemia P-388. Isolat yang diperoleh berupa kristal berbentuk jarum berwarna putih dan teridentifikasi sebagai jatrophone. Jatrophorie paling kuat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Acetobaclcr sp. dengan zona hambat 3,6 cm dan paling aktif terhadap fungi A. niger dengan zona hambat 4,4 cm. Sementara itu, sifat sitotoksiknya terhadap sel murine leukemia P-388 memperlihatkan sifat kurang aktif dengan nilai IC50 > 100 µg/mL
Uji Aktivitas Sitotoksik dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Keladi Tikus (T yphonium divaricatum (L) Decne)
No full textCytotoxic and antioxidant activities of Typhonium divaricatum (L) Decne leaves extract have been explored. Preliminary phytocheinical screening on the extract were carried out for the compound`s profile. Biological activity was measured by using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), while cytotoxic activity was conducted on breast cancer cell line T-47D using MTT method, Antioxidant activity was measured by using DPPH free radical scavenging method. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the methanol extract contained Havonoid, saponin and steroid/triterpenoid compounds, meanwhile thc n-hexane extract contained steroid/triterpenoid compounds only. The highest biological activity was found in methanol extract (IC50 = 32.9 ppm). The highest cytotoxic activity was shown by n-hexane extract (IC50 = 32.50 ppm). The highest antioxidant activity using vitamin C as positive control was found in methanol extract (IC50 = 56.63 ppm). The preliminary results indicated that Typhonium divaricatum (L) Decne lcavcs is potential for anticancer and free radical scavenger.Telah dilakukan uji aktivitas sitotoksik dan antioksidan dari ekstrak metanol dan n-heksana daun keladi tikus (Typhonium divaricatum (L) Decne). Pada penelitian ini dilakukari skrining fitokimia untuk mengetahui profil senyawa, dilanjutkan uji aktivitas biologi menggunakan Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), dan uji sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker payudara T-47D menggunakan metode MTT, Aktivitas antioksidan diukur menggunakan metode peredaman radikal bebas DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol yang diperoleh mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin dan steroid/triterpenoid, sementara dalam ekstrak n-heksana hanya ditemukan steroid/triterpenoid. Ekstrak metanol mempunyai aktivitas biologis tertinggi dengan nilai IC50 = 32,9 bpj dan ekstrak n-heksana memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik tertinggi dengan nilai IC50 = 32,50 bpj. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi menggunakan DPPH dan vitamin C sebagai kontrol positif ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak metanol, dengan nilai IC50 = 56,63 bpj, Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa daun keladi tikus berpotensi sebagai antikanker dan peredam radikal bebas
Pengaruh Kubebin, Senyawa Lignan Pqner cubeba L.f. terhadap Pelepasan Histamin dari RPMCs
No full textCubebin is a lignan isolated from Indonesian plant Piper cubeba L.f fruits. Cubebin has been found to strongly inhibit contraction of isolated-trachea of guinea pig induced by histamine or metacholine. ln the present study, the effcct of cubebin was investigated on histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCS), a connective tissue mast cell. Compound 48/80 (G Protein activator), thapsigargin (SERCA inhibitor), ionoinycin (calcium ionophore), and PMA (PKC activator) were used as inducers for histamine release from connective tissue mast cell. Histamine released in the medium was measured by HPLC-Huorometry. The results showed that cubebin at the concentration of 30 and 100 µM inhibited the histamine release from RPMCS induced by thapsigargin by 12,86 ± 1,84 % and 40.38 ± 1.93 %, respectively. In addition, there was a partial inhibition seen in respond to ionornycin, with no effects towards compound 48/80 or PMA, These data indicate that cubebin inhibited thc histamine release from connective mast cells, and might involve in the activation of sarco/ endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase.Kubebin merupakan senyawa lignan yang diisolasi dari tanaman kemukus (Piper cubeba L.f.). Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan, kubebin menghambat secara poten kontraksi otot polos trakea marmut terisolasi yang diinduksi histamin dan metakolin, Pada penelitian ini, kubebin diuji aktivitasnya terhadap pelepasan histamin dari sel mast peritoneal tikus (RPMCs/sel mast jaringan ikat). Sebagai penginduksi histarnin dari sel mast jaringan ikat digunakan compound 48/ 80 (pengaktivasi protein G), thapsigargin (pengaktivasi pompa SERCA), ionomisin (ionofor bagi ion kalsium), dan PMA (aktivator protein kinase C), Penetapan kadar histamin dilakukan dengan nienggunakan HPLC-fluorometri. Pada penelitian ini, kubebin konsentrasi 30 dan 100 µM mampu menghambat pelepasan histamin yang diinduksi oleh thapsigargin masing-masing sebesar 12,86 ± 1,84% dan 40,38 ± 1,93%. Namun, kubebin tidak berhasil menghambat pelepasan histamin yang diinduksi compound 48/80, ionomisin, ataupun PMA. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa kubebin menghambat pelepasan histamin dari sel mast jaringan ikat, dan kemungkinan melibatkan aktivasi pompa sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase
Sintesis dan Uji Antioksidan Senyawa 1,5-bis(3’-etoksi-4’-hidroksifenil)-1,4-pentadien-3-on (EHP)
No full textSynthesis of 1,5-bis(3’-etoxy-4’-hydroxyphenyI)-1,4-pentadiene-3-on (EHP) by aldol
condensation method from ethyl Vanilin and acetone, using hydrochloride acid as a catalyst, has been
conducted. Identification of the EHP compound was done through interpretation of UV-Vis, FT-IR,
GC-MS and NMR data, The antioxidant activity of EHP (IC50 8.66 µg/mL) is higher than curcumin (IC50
11.44 µg/mL) as demonstrated by the DPPH method.Telah dilakukan sintesis senyawa1,5-bis(3’-etoksi-4’-hidroksifenil)-1,4-pentadien-3-on (EHP)
dengan metode kondensasi aldol, dengan etil vanilin dan aseton sebagai bahan baku, serta asam klorida
sebagai katalisator. Identitikasi senyawa EHP dilakukan melalui interpretasi data gabungan dari KLT,
UV-Vis, FT-IR, KG-SM dan RMI, Aktivitas antioksidan EHP (IC50 8.66 µg/mL) lebih baik dibanding
kurkumin (IC50 11.44 µg/mL), ditunjukkan dengan metode DPPH
Peningkatan Efek Sitotoksik Doxorubicin oleh Naringenin pada Sel Kanker Payudara T47D melalui Induksi Apoptosis
No full textDoxorubicin is one of the standard regiment for breast cancer chemotherapy, but resistance to this agent is often occured and long period usage will induce cardiotoxicity, Therefore, combination therapy (co-chemotherapy) is needed to improve the efficacy of doxorubicin and to reduce its systemic toxicity. Naringenin is one of the most abundant ilavonoids in citrus fruits which showed cytotoxicity in various human cancer cell lines and has mechanisms through pathways except p53. This research is aimed to examine the effect of naringenin in combination with doxorubicin against T47D breast cancer cell which is resistant to doxorubicin due to p53 mutation. The IC50 dan CI (combination index) values were detennined by the MTT assay, The apoptotic stimulation effect of narigenin and doxorubicin was performed by DNA staining using cthidum bromide-acridine orange. Naringenin and doxorubicin exhibited cytotoxic effect with IC50 of 509 µM and 15 nM, respectively. The CI value in all ratios of naringenin-doxorubicin showed synergistic effect (CI 0.20-0.89). Combination ofnaringenin-doxorubicin with concentration smaller than 12,5 µM-0.6 nM in 1:1 ratio exhibited an additive combination effect, The combined treatment increased the apoptotic effect of doxorubicin.These results show that naringenin is potential to be developed as co-chemotherapeutic agent with doxonibicin, although the molecular mechanism is still needed to be explored.Doxorubicin masih digunakan sebagai regimen standar kemoterapi kanker payudara, tetapi resistensi terhadap agen ini sering ditemukan, dan pengunaannya dalam jangka waktu larna dapat menimbulkan kardiotoksisitas. Karena itu, agen kombinasi (ko-kemoterapi) perlu dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas doxorubicin dan mengurangi toksisitas sistemiknya. Naringenin, salah satu flavonoid yang melimpah di kulit buah jenlk, memiliki cfck sitotoksik pada berbagai sel kanker dan mekanismenya melalui jalur selain p53. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek naringenin yang dikombinasikan dengan doxorubicin pada sel T47D, model sel kanker payudara yang resisten terhadap doxorubicin karena rnemiliki p53 termutasi. Nilai IC50 dan CI (combination index, indeks kombinasi) ditetapkan dcngan uji MTT. Efek pemacuan apoptosis naringenin dan doxorubicin diamati dengan pengecatan DNA menggunakan etidium bromida-akridin oranye. Naringenin dan doxorubicin memberikan efek sitotoksik dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing 509 µM dan 15 nM. Nilai Cl pada berbagai rasio naringenin-doxorubicin menunjukkan efek sinergis (CI = 0,20-0,89). Pada konsentrasi kombinasi naringenin-doxorubicin yang lebih kccil dari 12,5 µM-0,6 nM dengan rasio 1:1 akan diperoleh efek kombinasi aditif, Perlakuan kombinasi meningkatkan efek apoptosis dari doxorubicin. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa naringenin berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agen ko-kemoterapi bersama doxorubicin, namun tetap dibutuhkan penelusuran rnekanisme moleloiler lebih lanjut
Aktivitas Antimalaria dan Skrining Fitokimia Metabolit Sekunder Kayu Batang dan Kulit Akar Artocarpus Camansi Blanco (Moraceae)
No full textMalarial parasite, Plasmodium, has been reported resistant to commonly used antimalarial drugs, such as chloroquin. Plants Artocarpus genus are known to have high content of flavonoids. One of interesting bioactivities of Artocarpus flavonoids is their antimalarial activity. This research is to investigate the potency of secondary metabolites in the heartwood and root bark of Artocarpus camansi Blanco as an antimalarial agent. Antimalarial activity from methanol extract of heartwood and roots bark of A. camansi were tested in vitro to Plasmodium falciparum SD7 (strain sensitive to chloroquin) and W2 (strain resistant to chloroquin) The extracts were also phytochcmically screened for compounds. The result showed that the methanol extract of heartwood and root bark of A , camansi Blanco inhibited the growth of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain With IC50 values of 1.84 µg/mL and 32.13 µg/mL . respectively; While similar antimalarial activity test to Plasmodium falciparum W2 strain showed IC50 valucs of 8.11 µg/mL and 17.10 µg/mL, respectively. Phytochemical screening indicated that the heartwood and root bark of A. camansi Blanco contain flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannin, while coumarin and saponins are present only in the root bark of A. camansi Blanco.Parasit malaria, Plasmodium, dilaporkan telah resisten terhadap obat malaria yang umum digunakan, seperti klorokuin. Tanaman dari genus Arrocarpus diketahui memiliki kandungan flavonoid yang tinggi. Salah satu bioaktivitas menarik dari flavonoid genus Artocarpus adalah antimalaria. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji potensi metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam kayu batang dan kulit akar Artocarpus camansi Blancon sebagai antirnalaria, Aktivitas antimalaria ekstrak metanol kayu batang dan kulit akar A. cumunsi Blanco diuji secara in vitro terhadap Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 (strain yang sensitive klorokuin) dan strain W2 (strain yang resisten klorokuin) serta dilakukan skrining fitokimia ekstrak aktif, hasil uji aktivitas antimalaria ekstrak nietanol kayu batang dan kulit akar A. camansi Blanco terhadap Plasmudium falciparum strain 3D7 rnenunjukkan, kedua ekstrak aktif antimalaria memiliki nilai ICED berturut-turut 1,84 µg/mL dan 32,13 µg/mL. Uji aktivitas antimalaria ekstrak metanol kayu batang dan kulit akar A. camansi Blanco terhadap, strain W2 juga menunjukkan aktivitas antimalaria dengan nilai IC50 berturut-turut 8,11 µg/mL and 17,10 µg/mL. Skrining Htokimia berhasil mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa flavonoid, terpenoid, dan tannin terdapat pada kedua bagian tumbuhan, sementara golongan senyawa kuniarin dan saponin hanya terdapat pada bagian kulit akar A. camansi Blanco
Pemisahan Delapan Vitamin Larut Air secara Kromatografi Pasangan Ion
No full textIon-pair chromatography is applicable for separating mixtures of acids and bases, either in ionic or nonionic form, such as mixture of ascorbic acid, thiamine hydrochloride, riboilavin, nicotinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, folic acid, and cyanocobalamine, and menadion sodium bisulphite. Separation using ion-pair chromatography is highly influenced by the type and concentration of the counter ion and the selected pH of mobile phase. Eight Water soluble vitamins Were separated in a single analysis Withtotal analysis time never exceeded 12 minutes by using a reversed-phase column (CS) with a mixture of methanol and solution of 5 mM sodium hexanesulphonate at pH 3.50 (49: 151) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of l ml per minute, and ultraviolet detector at 275 nm. Satisfactory separation was shown by the resolution values of more than 1.5, which were between 3.8-10.6