JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
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Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi Allium ascalonicum Linn A562275sal Lembah Palu terhadap Shigella dysenteriae
Get PDFShallot (Allium ascalonicum Linn.) is one of the typical plants of Central Sulawesi which is used as traditional medicine such as to treat infectious diseases. This study aims to determine the fractions that have high activity from bulbs and leaves in inhibiting the growth of Shigella dysenteriae bacteria and determining the organic compounds that have antibacterial activities. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol 96% for both samples. Liquid-liquid fractionation was used as a fractionation method using hexane, ethyl acetate and water solvents, sequenly. The antibacterial activity test used the diffusion method with the pile technique and TLC-bioautography. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction gave the highest activity of bulbs samples, while in leaves samples ethyl acetate fraction and hexane fraction were able to provide good inhibitory activity. The organic compounds were identified by thin layer chromatography method. Flavonoids compounds have identified for bulbs samples (Rf 0.18). In the leaves samples, steroids compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction (Rf 0.62) and terpenoid compounds (Rf 0.48) in the hexane fraction. Based on the result, the shallot is potentially be developed as an antibacterial material.Bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum Linn.) dari lembah Palu merupakan salah satu tanaman khas Sulawesi Tengah yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional seperti untuk mengobati penyakit infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fraksi yang mempunyai aktivitas tinggi dari sampel umbi dan daun bawang merah dari lembah Palu dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Shigella dysenteriae dan menentukan golongan senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas tersebut. Penelitian dengan ekstraksi bawang merah menggunakan metode maserasi dengan etanol 96 % terhadap kedua sampel. Fraksinasi cair-cair digunakan sebagai metode fraksinasi menggunakan pelarut heksan, etil asetat dan air secara berurutan. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi dengan teknik sumuran dan KLT Bioautografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat memberikan aktivitas tertinggi dari sampel umbi, sedangkan pada sampel daun fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi heksana mampu memberikan aktivititas penghambatan yang baik. Golongan senyawa yang teridentifikasi dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis adalah senyawa flavonoid untuk sampel umbi (Rf 0,18). Pada sampel daun teridentifikasi senyawa steroid pada fraksi etil asetat (Rf 0,62) dan senyawa terpenoid (Rf 0,48) pada fraksi heksana. Berdasarkan hal tersebut Bawang merah dari lembah Palu berpotensi dapat dikembangkan sebagai bahan antibakteri
Identifikasi Senyawa Penghambat Enzim α-Glukosidase dari Ekstrak Etanol 96% Daun Yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius [Poepp.& Endl.]H. Robinson)
Get PDFThe leaves of yacon (Smallanthussonchi folius [Poepp. &Endl.] H. Robinson) or in Indonesia known as “Daun insulin” (Insulin leaf), scientifically has various medicinal properties and one of them as antidiabetic. The aim of this research is to know α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitor compound in the ethanol 96% extract of yacon leaves. Fractionation of ethanol extract subjected to column chromatography (SiO2; dichloromethane-methanol-water = 5 : 5 : 1) gave 5 fractions (Fr -1 ~Fr – 5). The results of the -glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity test in vitro against the five fractions obtained the 3rd fraction as the most active of 87.84 %. Purification of the 3rd fraction with preparative thin layer chromatography (SiO2; n-BuOH-ethanol-water = 4 : 1 : 2.2) gave pure isolate as Fr 3-1. Identification of pure isolates Fr 3-1 was carried out by interpreted spectra of Ultraviolet, Fourier Transform-Infra Red, Mass Spectra (from LC-MS) and compared data on the chemical shift of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (proton and carbon) and determined as Nystose (GF3) compound. The results of the -glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity showed that Fr 3-1 has IC50 of 21.36 ppmDaun yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius [Poepp.& Endl.] H. Robinson) atau di Indonesia lebih dikenal sebagai daun insulin, secara ilmiah memiliki berbagai khasiat dan salah satunya sebagai antidiabetes. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui senyawa kimia penghambat enzim α-glukosidase dari ekstrak etanol 96% daun yakon. Isolasi, dan pemurnian dilakukan dengan cara fraksinasi ekstrak etanol 96% daun yakon dilakukan dengan kromatografi kolom (SiO2; diklorometan-metanol-air = 5:5:1) menghasilkan 5 fraksi (Fr-1 ~ Fr-5). Hasil uji aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase secara in vitro terhadap kelima fraksi diperoleh fraksi 3 (Fr-3) sebagai fraksi teraktif dengan persentase inhibisi sebesar 87,84 %. Pemurnian fraksi Fr-3 dengan KLT preparatif (SiO2; n-BuOH-etanol-air = 4 : 1 : 2,2) menghasilkan isolat murni pada Fr 3-1. Identifikasi isolat murni Fr 3-1 pretasi data spektra Ultraviolet, Fourier Transform-Infra Red, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, dan membandingkan data pergeseran kimia Resonansi Magnet Inti (proton dan karbon) dan ditentukan sebagai senyawa kimia nystose (GF3). Hasil uji aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase untuk Fr-3-1 adalah dengan IC50 sebesar 59,48 bpj.  
Efek Antidiare Infusa Daun Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) Pada Mencit Jantan Galur Swiss Webster Yang Di Induksi Oleum ricini
Get PDFDiarrhea is a disorder of defecation more than 3 times a day with the consistency of liquid stool, blood and/or mucus. The plants that is used by the community for diarrhea is senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.). This study aims to determine the antidiarrheal effects and dose of senggani leaves infusion in mice induced by Oleum ricini. Mice were grouped into 5 groups: the positive control group (diarrhea induction), the comparison group (loperamide), and senggani leaves infusion test group with a dose of 26 mg/kg bw, 52 mg/kg bw, and 104 mg/kg bw. Mice induced diarrhea with Oleum ricini, 30 minutes later the mice were given the samples, except the positive control group. The faecal frequency, weight, and consistency were measured every 30 minutes for 4 hours. Senggani leaves infusion group 52 mg/kg bw showed the frequency and faecal weight were significantly different compared to the positive control group (P <0.5) at 240 minutes observation. The faecal consistency of senggani leaves infusion groups 52 mg/kg bw tends to be normal at 240 minutes observation. Senggani leaves infusion 52 mg/kg bw showed the best antidiarrheal effect compared to senggani leaf infusion 26 mg/kg bw and 104 mg/kg bw in Oleum ricini-induced mice.Diare merupakan gangguan buang air besar (BAB) yang ditandai dengan BAB lebih dari 3 kali sehari dengan konsistensi tinja cair, dapat disertai dengan darah dan atau lendir. Salah satu tanaman yang berkhasiat dan digunakan masyarakat sebagai antidiare adalah senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dan dosis efektif infusa daun senggani terhadap mencit yang diinduksi diare dengan Oleum ricini. Mencit dikelompokkan menjadi 5 kelompok: kelompok kontrol positif (induksi diare), kelompok pembanding (loperamid), dan kelompok uji infusa daun senggani dosis 26 mg/kg BB, 52 mg/kg BB, dan 104 mg/kg BB. Mencit diinduksi diare dengan Oleum ricini, 30 menit kemudian mencit diberikan sediaan uji kecuali kelompok kontrol positif. Frekuensi, bobot, dan konsistensi feses diukur setiap 30 menit selama 4 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelompok infusa daun senggani dosis 52 mg/kg BB menunjukkan frekuensi dan bobot feses yang lebih rendah berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol positif (P<0,5) pada pengamatan menit ke-240. Konsistensi feses kelompok infusa daun senggani dosis 52 mg/kg BB cenderung normal pada pengamatan menit ke-240. Infusa daun senggani dosis 52 mg/kg BB menunjukkan efek antidiare yang paling baik dibandingkan dengan infusa daun senggani dosis 26 mg/kg BB dan 104 mg/kg BB pada mencit yang diinduksi Oleum ricini
Formulasi Sediaan Krim Tabir Surya dari Ekstrak Etanol Buah Bisbul (Diospyros blancoi)
Get PDFBisbul fruit is one of the tropical plants that grows in Indonesia. Phytochemical contents of bisbul fruit are alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds are potentially as antioxidants. Antioxidants could inhibit skin cell damage due to oxidation process. This study aimed to make the optimum sunscreen cream, based on quality, stability and activity as a sunscreen from bisbul fruit (Diospyros blancoi). The sample used in this research was bisbul, which made into extract. The extraction was done by a maceration method using 95% ethanol solvent. The results showed that extract yield obtained was 12%. Furthermore, made into a sunscreen cream preparation with concentrations of 10, 20, and 40%. The cream had been made, then was evaluated the quality organoleptic test, pH, adhesiveness, dispersive power, viscosity, stability, and the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value. The results showed that of bisbul extract could be made into a sunscreen cream. The SPF value obtained from the extract concentration of 10, 20, and 40% consecutively were 9.25; 10.02; and 13.00. Furthermore, it could be concluded that the formula with a concentration of 40% was the best quality of the cream and the highest SPF value of 13.00 with maximum protection.Buah bisbul merupakan salah satu tanaman tropis yang tumbuh di Indonesia. Kandungan fitokimia buah bisbul antara lain golongan senyawa alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid dan fenolik. Golongan senyawa flavonoid dan fenolik berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Antioksidan dapat menghambat proses kerusakan sel kulit akibat oksidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat krim tabir surya yang optimum, sesuai mutu, stabilitas dan memiliki khasiat sebagai tabir surya yang berbahan dasar buah bisbul (Diospyros blancoi). Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah buah bisbul setengah matang yang dibuat menjadi ekstrak kental. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 95%. Hasil rendemen ekstrak yang diperoleh sebesar 12%. Selanjutnya, dibuat menjadi sediaan krim tabir surya dengan konsentrasi 10, 20, dan 40%. Krim yang telah dibuat, kemudian dievaluasi kualitas krim meliputi uji organoleptik, uji pH, daya lekat, daya sebar, viskositas, stabilitas, dan nilai Sun Protection Factor (SPF). Berdasarkan pada hasil penelitian ekstrak buah bisbul dapat dibuat menjadi sediaan krim tabir surya. Nilai SPF yang diperoleh dari konsentrasi ekstrak 10, 20, dan 40% secara berturut-turut adalah 9,25; 10,02; dan 13,00. Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa formula dengan konsentrasi 40% merupakan krim terbaik yang memiliki nilai SPF tertinggi sebesar dengan proteksi kategori maksimal
Uji In Vitro dan Studi In Silico Senyawa Turunan n’-benzoylisonicotinohydr
Get PDFThere have been in silico and in vitro studies of N-Benzoylisonicotinohydrazide derivatives as antituberculosis candidates. The aims of this research were determined that the N'-benzoylisonicotinohydrazide derivatives could inhibit the activity of gram-positive, gram-negative and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as having good interactions with Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase from Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. From the in vitro test it was found that the N'-benzoylisonicotinohydrazide compound had a Minimum Inhibitor Concentration (MIC) of 0.33 µg / ml against the Basillus subtilis, while the Minimum Inhibitor Concentration (MIC) of N '- (2-chlorobenzoyl) isonicotinohydrazide against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv) was 3.125 µg / ml. From the in silico study, it was found that the binding affinity value between N '- (2-chlorobenzoyl) isonicotinohydrazide enzyme Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (2X23) had the smallest binding affinity so that it could be predicted that it had a stable interaction than other compounds so that the N '- (2-chlorobenzoyl) isonicotinohydrazide could be used as a more potent antituberculosis candidate.Telah dilakukannya penelitian tentang studi in vitro dan in silico senyawa turunan N-Benzoylisonicotinohydrazide. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bahwa senyawa turunan N’-benzoylisonicotinohydrazide dapat menghambat aktivitas bakteri gram positif, gram negatif dan Mycobacterium tuberculosis, serta mempunyai interaksi yang baik dengan Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase dari Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Dari uji in vitro dihasilkan bahwa senyawa N’-benzoylisonicotinohydrazide memiliki Minimum Inhibitor Concentration (MIC) sebesar 0,33 µg/ml terhadap bakteri Basillus subtilis, sedangkan besarnya Minimum Inhibitor Concentration (MIC) senyawa N’-(2-chlorobenzoyl)isonicotinohydrazide terhadap Mycobacterium tuberkulosis (H37Rv) adalah sebesar 3,125 µg/ml. Dari studi in silico didapat bahwa nilai binding affinity antara senyawa N’-(2-chlorobenzoyl)isonicotinohydrazide enzim Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (2X23) mempunyai binding affinity yang paling kecil sehingga dapat diprediksi bahwa senyawa tersebut mempunyai interaksi yang stabil dan paling baik disbanding senyawa-senyawa lainnya sehingga senyawa N’-(2-chlorobenzoyl)isonicotinohydrazide dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat antituberkulosis yang lebih poten
Efek Pemberian Eugenol Isolat Bunga Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) terhadap Histologi Pankreas Tikus Diabetes
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is disease with a high prevalence rate and continuously increase in Indonesia. So some researchers began to glance at natural rescource for prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. Clove Flower (Syzygium aromaticum) contains eugenol that can chemically lower blood sugar levels. The aimed of this research is to know the effect of eugenol on pancreas histology of diabetic rats. Clove flowers was extracted used maseration method use n-hexan and eugenol was isolated tested with TLC. Alloxan-induced rats were dosed 125 mg / kg BW IP and then the eugenol was administered in dosage 10 mg / kg BW compared with glibenclamid 1,35 mg /Kg BW orally for 14 days. Observation of pancreatic histology results were made pancreatic preparations using Hematoxilin Eosin (HE) staining. The results showed that alloxan-induced rats had pancreatic cell damage. How ever, after being treated with Glibenclamide and Eugenol showed the improvement of damage organs. Giving the eugenol at a dose of 15 mg / kg BW showed the most significant improvement.Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit yang prevalensinya tinggi di Indonesia, dari tahun ketahun prevalensinya terus meningkat. Sehingga sebagian peneliti mulai melakukan eksplorasi bahan alam dalam pencegahan maupun penanganan diabetes melitus. Bunga Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) mengandung senyawa eugenol yang secara ilmiah dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian eugenol isolat bunga cengkeh terhadap histologi pankreas tikus diabetes. Bunga cengkeh diektraksi menggunakan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksan, kemudian eugenol disolasi menggunakan metode asam-basa kemudian diuji dengan KLT. Pengaruh pemberian eugenol dilihat dengan menginduksi aloksan dengan dosis 125 mg/kgBB secara intraperitoneal kemudian emulsi eugenol dosis 10 mg/ KgBB dibandingkan dengan glibenklamid 1,35 mg/KgBB secara oral selama 14 hari kemudian dilakukan histologi pankreas. Pengamatan hasil histologi pankreas dilakukan dengan membuat preparat pankreas menggunakan pengecatan Hematoxilin Eosin (HE). Hasil penelitian menunjukan tikus yang diinduksi aloksan mengalami kerusakan sel pankreas. Namun, setelah diberikan perlakukan glibenklamid dan senyawa eugenol mampu memperbaiki sel pankreas yang mengalami kerusakan akibat pemberian aloksan
EFFECT OF DRYING TECHNIQUE ON PHYSICAL QUALITY AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF WILD BETEL LEAVES (Piper sarmentosum Roxb. ex Hunter) EXTRACT
Get PDFKaduk betel leaves (Piper sarmentosum Roxb. ex. Hunter) contain flavonoids and alkaloids that have anti-inflammatory activity. Processing thick extract into a dry extract is required to determine the appropriate dose and increase the homogeneity. The purpose of tahhis study was to determine the effect of drying method to physical properties of dried powder and its antiinflammatory activity. Thick extract was dried using maltodextrin and lactose as adsorbents with concentrations of extract-adsorbent ratio 1: 1, 1: 2 and 1: 3. Method of drying were freeze drying and adsorbent. The evaluation results based on organoleptic dried powder, water content and flow properties. The water content of dried powder which is dried by freeze drying is smaller than that of the adsorbent. Organoleptic and flow properties of freeze dried powder results were also better. The best dried powder in each method tested its anti-inflammatory activity using BSA. The test results showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of dried extract of freeze drying (extract-maltodextrin 1:3) have higher activity with IC50 551.79 ppm compared to dried extract with adsorbent (extract-maltodextrin 1:3) 598.30 ppm
PENGEMBANGAN DAN VALIDASI KUESIONER UNTUK MENGIDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR PENYEBAB PERILAKU PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK TANPA RESEP DOKTER
Get PDFFactors attributing to the behavior of non-prescription used of antibiotics in Indonesia setting have not been identified yet. The availability of effective and efficient instrument or method to identify the attributing factors might be the cause of non-optimal identifying process. The objective of present study was to develop instrument, i.e questionnaire, to identify factors contributing to the behavior of non-prescription used of antibiotics. The questionnaire was developed based on factors identified on published scientific literatures. Face and content validity were conducted by having the experts’ judgement, while the construct validity was conducted by using the Spearman Correlation Test. Reliability was tested by using Cronbach’s alpha test. There were 14 rating and 8 multiple answer questions in the questionnaire that could be classified unto 5 domains. After conducting the validity and reliability test, the final questionnaire had a R value 0.276-0.628 and Cronbach’s alpha 0.833. This valid and reliable questionnaire could be used to portray the attributing factors of non-prescription used of antibiotics in larger area, therefore, the most appropriate intervention could be planeed based on the identified factors.Faktor yang dominan menyebabkan perilaku penggunaan antibiotik tanpa resep di Indonesia belum diketahui secara pasti. Ketersediaan alat atau metode yang efektif dan efisien dalam mengidentifikasi dapat menjadi penyebab belum optimalnya proses identifikasi faktor perilaku tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat identifikasi faktor yang paling mempengaruhi penggunaan antibiotik tanpa resep di apotek, dalam hal ini berupa kuesioner. Kuesioner penggunaan antibiotik tanpa resep di apotek dikembangkan berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang ditemukan dalam kajian pustaka terpublikasi.Uji validitas rupa dan uji validitas konten kuesioner dilakukan dengan penilaian expert, sedangkan uji validitas konstruk dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Uji reliabilitas kuesioner dilakukan dengan menggunakan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kuesioner yang terdiri dari 14 pertanyaan rating dan 8 pertanyaan dengan jawaban majemuk, yang terbagi dalam 5 domain faktor. Setelah melalui beberapa uji validitas dan reliabilitas didapatkan kuesioner yang valid dan reliabel dengan nilai R hitung = 0,276-0,628 dan Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,833. Kuesioner ini dapat digunakan untuk menggambarkan faktor penyebab penggunaan antibiotik tanpa resep dokter di apotek pada wilayah yang lebih luas sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pengembangan intervensi yang tepat untuk mengatasi perilaku yang tidak tepat di masyarakat tersebut
Interaction Study, Synthesis and Characterization of Molecular Imprinted Polymer Using Functional Monomer Methacrylate Acid and Dimethylamylamine as Template Molecule
Get PDFThe research related to the interaction study, synthesis and characterization of molecular imprinted polymer using dimethylamylamine (DMAA) as the template molecule and the functional monomer methacrylate acid has been conducted. Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP) is a separation method made by the molecule template in the polymer matrix followed by removing the template molecule by washing for giving the permanent framework groove. The MIP was made by mixing the DMAA as the template molecule, with the methacrylate acid as the functional monomer, and the ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the crosslinker with the ratio 1:6:20. Porogen solvents used were the chloroform and the initiator azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The crystal MIP and the NIP without the DMAA were characterized using Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), and the result showed that there have been differences among the MIP, the NIP and the MIP after being extracted. The characterization using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed that the NIP as the comparison having flat morphology, while the MIP having irregular morphology and less pores. Then the MIP after being extracted has irregular, rough morphology and a lot of pores. The result reveals the interaction between the DMAA and the methacrylate acid that is the hydrogen bonded with the Gibbs free energy obtained is -5.434 j/mol. The imprinting factor of 2,353 is obtained. The highest desorption descending capacity is chloroform with the MIP 738% better. For the MIP and NIP methanol, it is found that the MIP is 123% better. Then the MIP which is desorbed by the chloroform is better 602% than the MIP resorbed by the methanol, and the ethyl acetate cannot desorb the DMAA
Sintesis Senyawa N-(2-Klorobenzoil)-N’-Fenilurea dan Uji Aktivitas Anti Kanker Terhadap Sel HeLa
Get PDFResearch in the search for cancer drug compounds continue to be developed given the lack of specific anticancer compounds. Some urea derived compounds are also continuously being developed in search of potent anticancer compounds with minimal side effects. In relation to the above, we want to develop an urea derivative of N-phenylurea compound which will be reacted with benzoyl chloride derivative that is 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride so that N-(2-chlorobenzoyl) -N'phenylurea will be obtained. Synthesis of N- (2-chlorobenzoyl) -N'phenylurea was done by modified Schotten-Baumman method, then purity test was performed with thin layer chromatography using 3 different solvents. The next step is structural characterization using UV and IR spectrophotometry method, then 1H-NMR and MS spectrometry, so that the structure of N- (2-chlorobenzoyl) -N'phenylurea will be obtained. An anticancer activity test is performed on HeLa cells using MTT assay method and IC50 value will be obtained.
Compounds that have been successfully synthesized are compound of N- (2-chlorobenzoyl) -N'phenylurea, with yield of 80.47% in the form of white needle crystal. The purity test of the N- (2-chlorobenzoyl) -N'phenylurea compound was performed by thin layer chromatography with 3 different solvents (hexan: ethyl acetate: methanol = 2: 3: 1; Hexan: acetone = 4: 2; Hexan: ethylacetate = 4: 2) a single stain is obtained which is different from the Rf value compared to the N-phenylurea origin compound. The Melting Point of the compound is 149oC so it is seen that the compound has been formed and different from the origin compound of N-phenylurea. The anticancer activity test after performed with MTT assay method using HeLa cells line, has an IC50 2100 mg / ml or 8,52 mM for the N- (2-chlorobenzoyl) -N'phenylurea and higher than hydroxy urea as standard compound which has the activity as 7537 mg / ml or 99,10 mM.
Conclusion:
N- (2-chlorobenzoyl) -N'phenylurea compound has been successfully synthesized and can be further developed as an anticancer compound.
Keywords:
Synthesis; N-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-N'phenylurea; anticancer activity; HeLa cells.