Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
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Karakteristik Rumput Banto (Leersia hexandra Sw.) Berdasarkan Makroskopik dan Mikroskopik
No full textBanto (Leersia hexandra Sw.) is a weed that is often used as animal feed, which is used to remove toxins in the body. The research to study the characteristics of Banto macroscopically and microscopically. A macroscopic test were carried out directly on the physical properties of Banto. Then a microscopic test of Bantos powder simplicia was conducted using a microscope. The result of the macroscopic examination of Banto show that Banto has smooth stem segments, roots on the stem segments, height can reach 1 m, leaf width reaches 0,4 cm-1 cm, leaf length is 5 cm-23 cm, the sides are rough and have sharp edges. For the results of the microscopic examination of fresh grass at 40× magnification and 100× magnification showed the presence of epidermis, stomata, and chlorophyll. The result of microscopic study of Banto simplicia at 40× magnification and 100× magnification showed the presence of epidermis and chlorophyll
Kajian Literatur: Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Herba Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida L.)
No full textSuruhan (Peperomia Pellucida L.) is one of the weed plants that grow wild in humid environments. This plant is commonly found in Indonesia and has been used by the community as a medicinal plant. The secondary metabolites contained oh suruhan are saponins, phenols, flavonoids, and tannins. These compounds are thought to provide antibacterial activity. The purpose of writing this literature review is to determine the compound of secondary metabolites, the antibacterial activity of the extract, and the effective concentration as an antibacterial agent. The method used is literature review by searching journals database with the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scient Direct. Based on the literature review, the secondary metabolites contained are flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phenols, saponins, glycosides, anterquinone, pellucidin A, stigmasterol, and fucosterol. The antibacterial activity test showed that the extract was able to inhibit gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Propionibacterium acne, and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as gram-negative bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysentriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluoescens, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi. The activity produced by gram-negative bacteria is more sensitive than gram-positive bacteria. While the effective concentrations of n-hexane extract against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were 10 mg/mL and 200 mg/L, the resulting inhibition zone diameters were 17.9 mm and 18 mm
Pengaruh Berbagai Metode Ekstraksi dari Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Bawang Tiwai (Eleutherine americana Merr) terhadap Rendemen Ekstrak dan Profil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis
No full textThe bulb of Eleutherine americana Merr is a typical Kalimantan plant that has many medicinal properties. Many studies have been carried out with various extraction methods used to determine the compounds contained in the bulb of Eleutherine americana Merr. This study aims to determine the effect of the method and the extraction time on the yield value and thin layer chromatography profile (TLC) of the bulb of Eleutherine americana Merr extract. The extraction method uses 96% ethanol solvent using the maceration method for 2 weeks and ultrasonic bath method with time variables of 10, 20 and 30 minutes. The yield of maceration extract was 12% and the ultrasonic bath method was 12.5%, 17.5%, and 15% (10, 20, 30 minutes). In the TLC test there were no differences in the spot patterns of the two extraction methods. So it can be concluded that the extraction method affects the yield of extract but does not affect the extract compound content seen from the TLC spot pattern
Studi Literatur: Penggunaan Obat Remdesivir dan Favipiravir dalam Terapi Covid-19
No full textCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by the new coronavirus and is spreading rapidly throughout the world. Several studies were conducted to find these antiviral agents, one of which is Remdesivir and Favipiravir. This literature study aims to examine the use of Remdesivir and Favipiravir as therapy in COVID-19 patients with a literature study. The research method used is a literature review with an electronic database of indexed journals with a journal publication time limit for 2019-2020 using the appropriate keywords. From the 10 literature that has been reviewed, it shows that the use of Remdesivir and Favipiravir in the treatment of COVID-19 provides an improvement in the patient\u27s health condition
Karakteristik Gel Sariawan Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hitam sebagai Antimikroba dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Carbopol
No full textBetel plant is a terna plant that can be used as an antifungal, antimicrobial and antioxidant. Black betel leaf is proven to contain secondary metabolites of alkaloids, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, flavanoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and triterpenoids. Gel preparations are used aimed at prolonging the contact time of the preparation with the target location, extending the absorption time and increasing the therapeutic effect. This study aims to determine the characteristics of gel extract of black betel leaf. Black betel leaf extract was obtained by macerating with 70% ethanol into an oral gel preparation as an antimicrobial with carbopol concentration variations. The results of antimicrobial test showed that 5% concentration of black betel leaf extract could increase the growth of Streptoccus sanguinis with inhibition zone diameter 6.261 ± 1.425mm and Candida albicans with inhibition zone diameter 5.152 ± 0.952mm. Black betel leaf extract gel formula F3 with 1.5% carbopol concentration is the best formula that has greenish black, betel and mint flavored, and has a thick and homogeneous shape. It has a viscosity of 2.266 Pa.s, has a pH of 5.37 and spread power 4.37cm
Profil KLT Partisi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Metanol Daun Sirih Hitam (Piper betle L. Var Nigra)
No full textBlack betel leaves are widely used for various treatments, one of which is oral diseases such as gingivitis and dental caries by Indonesians. The purpose of this study was to determine the class of compounds and to find the best eluent for the separation of compounds from methanol extract. This research begins with extraction using the maceration method withmethanolsolvent. The extract obtained was tested using analytical TLC to find the best eluent. After obtaining the best eluent, the partition extraction of black betel leaf methanol extract was carried out using ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate soluble and ethyl acetate insoluble extractswere separated then the three extracts were continued with the identification of the compounds by analytical TLC using the two best eluent comparisons that had been done previously and then observed under UV light 254 nm and 366 nm after that sprayed using Dragendorff reagent and FeCl3. The best eluent analysis result of ethyl acetate partition of black betel leaf methanol extract was n-hexane:ethyl acetate (6:4, 3:1) and TLC analysis showed that the compounds contained were alkaloids and phenolic
Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Alang-Alang (Imperata cylindrica L) sebagai Peluruh Kalsium Batu Ginjal secara In Vitro
No full textKidney stones are a disease caused by existence urine sediment in the kidneys and urinary tract which clog the urinary tract so that when urinating it causes pain. One alternative to be used to treat kidney stone disease is traditional treatment using herbal plants that are widespread in Indonesia. The plants that is widespread in Indonesia, Imperata that grow wild in forests, fields, lawns and roadside in sunny dry areas. The research was aimed to find secondary metabolites and activity of Imperata extract ethanol on calcium solubility of kidney stones. Kidney stones from the reaction between calcium chloride and potassium oxalate. The extract was obtained from the maceration process using 96% ethanol solvent. The test of secondary metabolites by adding chemical reagents to the extract and activity test by making 3 series of extract concentrations, namely 1%, 3% and 5%. 100 mg kidney stones were inserted in the extract solution than incubated for 3 hours (370C). The filtrate was measured dissolved calcium levels using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer at λ 499 nm. The result show that Imperata positive containing flavonoids, alkaloids, tanins, steroids and triterpenoids, and have an effect in dissolving kidney stone calcium in vitro where the best concentration of ethanol extract of Imperata is 5% concentration with dissolved calcium levels of 301,450 ppm
Pengaruh Jus Buah Nanas Kombinasi Madu sebagai Penurun Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi
No full textHypertension is a disease characterized by an increase in blood pressure in systolic and diastolic blood vessels that exceeds the normal blood pressure on repeated examinations. Pineapple and honey empirically and scientifically can be efficacious for lowering blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to look at the characteristics of age, gender, smoking habits, exercise habits as well as the history of hypertension patient\u27s disease and the effect and effectiveness of the administration of pineapple honey juice to reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension at UPTD Tresanti Werdha Nirwana Puri Samarinda and on Jl. S.Parman 1 RT. 02 & RT. 03 Kelurahan Gunung Kelua Samarinda. The research design used was the Pretest and Posttest One Design Group, to as many as 9 patients. The study was conducted for 7 days, then every day patients were given treatment in the form of giving pineapple juice as much as 200 grams and 20 mL honey once a day and blood pressure was measured before and after treatment. The results of this study indicate a decrease in blood pressure in hypertensive patients who consume honey combination pineapple fruit juice
Kombinasi Fraksi Etil Asetat Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) dan Jahe Emprit (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) Sebagai Antioksidan
No full textRed ginger and emprit ginger are plants that are known to have flavonoid compounds with various benefits including antioxidants. This study aims to determine the total flavonoid levels of the ethyl acetate fraction of red ginger and emprit ginger and the IC50 value using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazil) method. The highest level of total flavonoids in the ethyl acetate fraction in red ginger was 4,434 mgQE/g extract while in ginger emprit was 11,072 mgQE/g extract. The combination of the ethyl acetate fraction of red ginger and emprit ginger showed very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 19,027 ppm (1:1 combination), 17,649 ppm (1:2 combination), and 13,711 ppm (2:1 combination)
Penambatan Molekular Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder dari Daun Kelor sebagai Inhibitor Protease Utama dari SARS-CoV-2
No full textSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) merupakan virus penyebab COVID-19. Salah satu kandidat target potensial dari SARS-CoV-2 ialah protease utama (Mpro). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara senyawa dari daun kelor dengan makromolekul Protease Utama SARS CoV-2 dan mengetahui senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai inhibitor Mpro secara in silico dengan studi penambatan molekuler. Struktur dari SARS CoV-2 sebagai molekul target diperoleh dari database PDB (ID: 5R84) 2-cyclohexyl-~{N}-pyridin-3-yl-ethanamidesebagai ligan alami. Analisis penambatan molekuler dilakukan dengan menggunakan AutoDockTools dengan jumlah runs 100 kali. Grid diletakkan pada ligan alami dengan ukuran kotak 40x30x34 dan center 9.812?x-0.257?x20.849? denganspacing 0.375?. Berdasarkan hasil docking dari 22 senyawa metabolit sekunder daun kelor diperoleh 17 senyawa yang memiliki nilai ikatan energy lebih rendah dari ligan alami. Senyawa Quercetin-3-o-glucoside memiliki nilai terendah sebesar -9.35 kkal/mol dibandingkan ligan alami yaitu sebesar -6.56 kkal/mol . Berdasarkan interaksi dari binding site M-pro SARS-CoV-2, senyawa niazimin memiliki interaksi yang mirip dengan ligan alami. Bentuk interaksi yang terjadi adalah adanya ikatan hydrogen dengan residu HIS41, MET49, MET165, CYS145, GLU166, HIS163. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa senyawa metabolit sekunder dari daun kelor memiliki aktivitas dalam menghambat protease utama SARS-CoV-2. Tetapi perlu dilakukan perbandingan dengan makromolekul lain