Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
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Formulation and Physical Quality Test for Onion Skin Extract Solid Soap (Allium cepa L)
No full textShallots are one of the many types of plants available in Indonesia. Shallots are annual plants that can grow in the highlands and lowlands. In its use, shallots produce a lot of waste in the form of skin which can be processed into solid soap preparations because they contain antibacterial properties derived from flavonoid compounds. This study aims to produce solid soap onion skin extract and test the physical quality of the preparation according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The research method was experimental which consisted of making simplicia and extracting it by maceration method using 70% ethanol as a solvent. Red onion peel extract formulations were used with a concentration of 5% (Formulation 2) and 0% (formulation 1) as the control basis. Evaluation of solid soap preparations includes organoleptic observation, homogeneity testing, foaming test, pH testing. The preparation was evaluated for 4 weeks at room temperature. Data were analyzed descriptively and compared with SNI. The results of this study indicate that the soap preparation is homogeneous, has a solid texture, is light brown (formulation 1), and dark brown (formulation 2). The average pH value in formulation 1 and formulation 2 is 9. The results of the organoleptic test on solid soap preparations did not change, from the first week to the fourth week it was getting denser. The foam power test on both formulations showed the presence of foam that came out when the test was carried out. The conclusion in this study is that the physical quality of onion skin extract solid soap is in accordance with SNI and is stable for 4 weeks of storage
Antioxidant Analysis of Kokang Leaves (Lepisanthes amoena) Using DPPH Method
No full textKokang Leaf (Lepisanthes amoena) as a traditional cosmetic for the Dayak Benuaq and Tunjung tribe is very important to be developed in medicine because it is contain secondary metabolites as antioxidants. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the yield of kokang leaves (Lepisanthes amoena), the profile of TLC, and knowing the fraction with the greatest antioxidants in kokang leaves (Lepisanthes amoena). The research used DPPH, KLT, and yield calculation method. The yield obtained in ethanol extract 96% = 23%; N-Hexan = 9.448%; Ethyl Acetate = 1.37%; Ethanol 70% = 9.95%. TLC test results using N.Hexan : Ethyl Acetate (2: 1) eluent and then sprayed with 10% H2SO4, in 96% ethanol extract there were 7 stains, N-Hexan Fraction 9 stains, Ethyl Acetate Fraction 5 stains, and Ethanol Fraction 70 % 1 stain. The qualitative test results after spraying DPPH on TLC, there were yellow spots on a purple background indicating antioxidant activity. The IC50 results were obtained in 96% Ethanol Extract 6.8171 ppm, N-Hexan Fraction 10.0184 ppm, Ethyl Acetate Fraction 5.0107 ppm, and Ethanol 70% Fraction 24.7343 ppm. Based on the results above, it can be concluded that the ethyl acetate extract has the highest antioxidant activity with 5.0107 ppm being able to inhibit DPPH radicals
Formulation and Physical Quality Test of Toothpaste from Black Cumin Seeds (Nigella sativa)
No full textBlack Cumin seeds (Nigella sativa) have antibacterial activity because they contain thymoquinones, tannins, saponanins, and flavonoids. According to (Sinaga, 2018) black cumin seeds can inhibit the Streptococcous mutans bacteria that causes dental caries. The research conducted was experimental. The thick extract of black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa) is formulated into toothpaste by varying the concentration of the viscous extract of black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa). The concentration of the active substance used was 0% in the control formula, 2% in formula I, 4% in formula II, 6% in formulation III. Then performed a physical stability test of the toothpaste preparation consisting of homogeneity, pH, high foam, dispersibility, color, odor, and taste. The test was carried out for 28 days of storage. During 28 days of storage all formulations were stable, homogeneity, pH and high foam preparation were stable and met the standards. The particles are evenly distributed so that the preparation has a stable color, smell and taste. The thick extract of black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa) can be formulated into a toothpaste preparation that is stable and meets the requirements. The most stable formulation is formulation I with a concentration of 2% viscous black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) extract
The Relationship Scale Between Knowledges and Perceptions of Health Practitioners about the Role of Pharmacogenomics
No full textResearch on the extent to which health practitioners in West Kalimantan understand the important role of pharmacogenomics have not been reported to date. West Kalimantan (Kalbar) is known as a province characterized by three main ethnicities, namely Chinese, Malay and Dayak. Therefore, the potential application of pharmacogenomics for the treatment of patients in health facilities across the province is very possible. This study aimed to measure the level of knowledge and perceptions of health practitioners (participants) about the role of pharmacogenomics in patient treatment plans. This research is descriptive with a questionnaire-based survey method. The data analyzed is primary data from the answers of participants to the online questionnaire. Based on the responses of 100 participants (involving doctors, pharmacists, nurses, midwives, and others) from various cities and districts in West Kalimantan, it was found that the level of knowledge was very good (74.0%), good (18.0%), and not good. (8.0%). The level of participants\u27 perceptions of the role of pharmacogenomics are those who have positive perceptions (97.0%) and negative perceptions (3.0%). It can be concluded that 74% of health practitioners in West Kalimantan have a very good level of knowledge and 97% of them own a positive perception of the importance of pharmacogenomics
Buccal Patch Preparation Formulation of Black Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L. var Nigra)
No full textBlack betel is one of the native plants from Indonesia which has many benefits for treating various diseases, one of which is for oral diseases such as thrush. This study aims to determine the formula of black betel buccal patch (Piper betle L. var Nigra) which is stable and has good patch activity and to know the formula for buccal patch preparation which is effective as a canker sore and fulfills the characteristics of a good pharmaceutical preparation. The black betel leaf extract was made using the maceration method with 70% ethanol as a solvent. Patches were made based on the extract concentration (0.5%, 1%, 2%) using chitosan as the polymer matrix. The results showed that the best buccal patch was owned at concentrations of 0.5% and 1%. The higher the extract content, the higher the weight, thickness, folding endurance, and swelling index
Efek Aromaterapi Peppermint (Mentha arvensis L.) pada Penurunan Tekanan Darah
No full textMint leaves (Mentha arvensis L.) are an example of a plant that can produce essential oils. The distinctive aroma of mint leaves provides a relaxing effect that affects the blood pressure of hypertensive patients. This study aims to look at the characteristics, patient response, and the effect of presenting peppermint aromatherapy to hypertensive patients at Puskesmas Mamburungan Tarakan. The research method used a quasy experimental research design with one group pretest and posttest design with a sample size of 20 people. The criteria for respondents who were the subject of the study were 50% of the sexes of women and men. The age with the highest proportion is 56-60 years old as much as 50%. The occupation with the highest proportion was housewives as much as 30%. The results of the study of the patient\u27s response to aromatherapy preparations obtained the respondent\u27s preferred level with a proportion of 90%. The effect of giving aromatherapy felt by the respondents was 75% fresh and 25% relaxed. Respondents would prefer it if peppermint oil was made in roll on dosage form (70%), compared to spray form (25%) and diffuser (5%). The results showed that there was an effect of peppermint aromatherapy on systolic blood pressure before the intervention took place with an average of 162,117 mmHg and after intervention it was 150,683 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure before intervention was 98.63 mmHg and after intervention it became 93.23 mmHg. The results of the descriptive research on peppermint aromatherapy are in line with the results of statistical analysis using the wilcoxon method and the paired sample t-test which has a p value of <0.05, indicating that peppermint aromatherapy can significantly reduce blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Efektivitas Asam Mefenamat terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Dismenore Berdasarkan Numeric Rating Scale
No full textDismenore pada remaja adalah hal yang wajar untuk dirasakan ketika siklus menstruasi datang. Asam mefenamat merupakan terapi farmakologis yang sering digunakan oleh perempuan dismenore untuk mengurangi ketidaknyamanan nyeri haid dengan menginhibisi enzim siklooksigenase (COX-2) yang dapat mencegah pembentukan asam arakidonat serta prostaglandin yang akan menstimulasi kontraksi atau nyeri saat haid. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui seberapa besar efektivitas asam mefenamat terhadap penanganan dismenore dengan penilaian skala NRS. Metode penelitian dengan quasi experimental terdiri dari 2 kelompok uji-kontrol dengan penilaian nyeri pretest-postest berdasarkan skala NRS. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Wilcoxon rata-rata penurunan 4,50 dari data pretest-postest kelompok uji sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol rata-rata penurunan 2,50 pada data pretest-postest kelompok kontrol. Hasil perbandingan tiap kelompok (uji-kontrol) nilai signifikansi p=0,002 (p<0,05) bahwa terdapat perbedaan penurunan intensitas nyeri haid. Asam mefenamat memiliki efektivitas yang baik terhadap penurunan nyeri haid dibandingkan dengan kontrol (plasebo)
Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Gelling Agent HEC dalam Sediaan Gel Sariawan Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hitam terhadap Sifat Fisik Gel
No full textRecurrent Aftose Stomatitis (RAS) or sprue is one of the most common diseases of the oral mucosa. One of the contributing factor is the infection of Streptococcus sanguinis and Candida albicans. Black betel leaf contains a group of secondary metabolites that are used as antimicrobials . Gel is a good conductive preparation on mucouse membran. One of the factors that influence the physical properties of gel is the gelling agent. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of HEC variation as a gelling agents on the physical properties of black betel leaf extract gel. Black betel leaf extract was obtained by maceration with 70% ethanol solvent. The gel was formulated into four formula with variations in HEC consentration is 1%, 1,5%, 2% and 2,5%. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts used the diffusion method of the wells. Tests of physical properties used organoleptic tests, homogenity, pH, spreadability and viscosity. The results showed that black betel leaf extract at a concentration of 2.5% was able to inhibit Streptococcus sanguinis and Candida albicans. An increase in HEC concentration can cause increase in the viscosity and decrease in the spreadibility, but does not affect organoleptics, homogenity and pH of the preparation. The best formula produced is formula F3 with 2% HEC composition
Potensi Sari Kurma (Phoenix dactylifera) sebagai Peluruh Kristal Kalsium Oksalatsecara In Vitro
No full textDates (Phoenix dactilyfera) contain chemical compositions that can be used as traditional medicine for Calcium oxalate of kidney stone decay. Compound in palm juice can make Calcium oxalate dissolving is flavonoid and calium . The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Palm dates juice dissolving calcium oxalate to determine the relationship between the concentration of dates palm juice with calcium solubility in kidney stones. To test its activities carried out in vitro using calcium oxalate which incubated for 3 hours with shaken out every 20 minutes at 37oC Determination of the solubility of calcium in date palm juice is by weighs insoluble calcium oxalate. Palm\u27s juice concentration is divided into 60%, 50%, 40%, 30% and 20%. The results of these concentrations can be concluded that the juice of dates has the activity of dissolving calcium oxalate from kidney stones with average result weight in sequence 0.02 + 0.005 g; 0.02 + 0.005 g; 0.03 + 0.005 g; 0.04 + 0.005 g and 0.05 + 0.005 g. Positive control (batugin elixir) 60%, 50%,40%, 30% and 20% with in sequence result 0.08 + 0.001 g; 0.08 + 0.001 g; 0.08 + 0.005 g; 0.09 + 0.005 g; and 0.1 + 0.005 g. Negative Control result 0.11 g. The results obtained from the standard deviation are 0.031. Calcium oxalate that is not dissolved at most in the sample is 20% with an average of 0.05 + 0.005 g and the positive control is 20% of the batugine with an average of 0.1 + 0.005 g.Based on the weighing of calcium oxalate from each concentration the higher the concentration will cause the least insoluble calcium oxalate
Evaluasi Ketepatan Antipsikotik pada Pasien Skizofrenia di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah Atma Husada Mahakam Samarinda
No full textSchizophrenia is a psychotic mental disorder that causes psychiatric symptoms, such as confusion in thinking, emotions, perceptions, and deviant behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics, pattern of use of antipsychotic drugs, and evaluation of the accuracy of antipsychotics for schizophrenia patients in the inpatient installation of RSJD Atma Husada Mahakam Samarinda including the right indication, the right patient, the right drug selection, the right dose, the right frequency and the right duration. administration based on Pharmacotherapy Handbook Tenth Edition Algorithms and Formularium schizophrenia at RSJD Atma Husada Mahakam Samarinda. This type of research is observational. The data collection was done retrospectively with the sampling technique with total sampling on medical records at RSJD Atma Husada Mahakam Samarinda. The results of The most prescribed antipsychotics in schizophrenia patients was the administration of a single antipsychotic risperidone (21.51%), and the administration of a clozapine-risperidone combination antipsychotic (20.43%). Accuracy of antipiscotic use with precise parameters of indication, patient, drug selection, dose, frequency of administration and exact duration of administration based on the Pharmacotherapy Handbook Tenth Edition Algorithms and formulary at RSJD Atma Husada Mahakam Samarinda is 100% accurate from the 93 drug prescriptions studied