Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
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The Effect of Storage Time Extract Etanol Black Betel Leaf (Piper betle L. var Nigra) To Antibacterial Activity
No full textBlack Betel Leaf (Piper betle L. var Nigra) contains compounds that act as antibacterials, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids and phenolic compounds. Acne or acne vulgaris is an inflammatory reaction in the sebaceous follicles, which is caused by the Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. This study aims to prove that black betel leaf (Piper betle L. var Nigra) has antibacterial activity and has a long-lasting effect on the ethanol extract of black betel leaf against propionibacterium acne. The method includes sample extraction with 70% ethanol and then followed by antibacterial testing with the well method. In addition, the extract was prepared into a test solution and stored for 7 days at room temperature. The results of antibacterial testing using well diffusion can be concluded that the ethanol extract of black betel leaves with a concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% has the ability to inhibit the growth of propionibacterium acne bacteria. The effect of the extract storage time on day 7 had the largest inhibition zone
Molecular Binding of Secondary Metabolite Compounds of Dayak Onion (Eleutherine bulbosa) As Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-4) Inhibitors
No full textDiabetes is a frightening disease that threatens people\u27s lives, because almost every 10 seconds in the world, people die from complications of this disease. A new DM treatment approach in the creatinase system that inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase IV (Dpp-4) has been developed, and has been shown to effectively increase insulin secretion, maintain pancreatic -integration, and slow gastric emptying. antidiabetic, namely inhibition of the -glucosidase enzyme in one of its compounds and has not been found to inhibit the Dpp-4 enzyme. This study aims to determine the potential of the compounds in Dayak onions as inhibitors of the Dpp-4 enzyme. The method used is molecular anchoring or in silico because the research time is short and the cost is cheaper than in vitro or in vivo. The software used is autodock which is a device that can attach ligand molecules to receptor macromolecules. Then visualized using discovery studio 2020 and other devices to support tethering such as chemdraw and chimera 1.4. vidagliptin as an antidiabetic which has activity against inhibiting Dpp-4 inhibitors was used as a standard. The grid is placed on natural ligands with a box size of 52? x 28? x 26? and a center of 40,926? x 50,522? x 35,031? with a spacing of 0.375?. Based on the docking that has been done, the secondary metabolite compounds in Dayak onions have a low bond energy value, with the lowest value being -8.46 kcal/mol and the highest -5.54 with different values of inhibition constant and bond form. Eleuthoside C has the lowest bond energy of -8.46 and has the most similar interaction with natural ligands. The bond that occurs is the type of hydrogen bonding at the residues of Phe357, Arg125, Arg358, Tyr666, Tyr662, and Glu205. With this, Dayak onions have antidiabetic activity but further docking still needs to be done to see other compounds in Dayak onions as Dpp-4 inhibitors
Analysis of Changes in Cyanide Levels and Cytotoxic Activity in Fresh Cassava Tubers Processed into Tape
No full textCassava in Indonesia is the third staple food after rice and corn. In addition, cassava can also be used as a process for other food products such as cassava tape, cassava crackers, opak, getuk, tapioca flour and cassava ejects. Besides containing carbohydrates, cassava also contains cyanide which is a poisonous compound. Cyanide acid is able to cause respiratory distress to death by inhibiting the performance of the respiratory enzymes, causing disturbances in the respiratory system. This study aims to determine changes in cyanide levels and cytotoxic activity in cassava tuber preparations. Qualitative analysis was performed using FeCl3 and AgNO3 reagents, quantitative tests used argentometric titration method. Meanwhile, the cytotoxic test used the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The cyanide content test results obtained in fresh cassava were 41,56 mg, which was categorized as quite toxic, the toxicity level of fresh cassava was classified as toxic, namely 505.82 ppm. Whereas on the processed tape, the test results showed negative results containing cyanide. Cassava tuber cytotoxic test is classified as non-toxic, which is equal to 4216.96 ppm
The Effect of Location on Alfa Tocopherol Levels in Noni Fruit (Morinda Citrifolia L.)
No full textAlpha tocopherol (?-tocopherol) contained in noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) is one of the antioxidants that contribute to pharmacological effects. The noni plant is a tropical plant that has broad growing requirements, so that this plant can grow anywhere. Although easy to find, the environmental conditions where noni grows will have an influence on the amount of ?-tocopherol it contains, one of which is the difference in where it grows. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of ?-tocopherol in the n-hexane fraction of noni fruit, which grows in three different growing places. Analysis for ?-tocopherol by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with a validated analytical method. The results of system suitability test HPLC System for ?- tocopherol analysis were as follows isocratic elution system of a mobile phase 100% methanol, uv detector at a wavelength of 292 nm using the column C18 (150 ? 4, 6mm, 5?m) flow rate of 1 ml / min. The method had linear concentration range from 1-25 ppm, with R2 0.9967. The accuracy of this method that represented by recovery was 98.02-99.252%. The precision of this method that expressed by Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) was 0.262% and has good specificity. From the analysis, it was found that the content of ?-tocopherol in noni fruit was different and had a positive correlation with the height where it grew, namely in Pameungpeuk (18 m asl) of 0.0316%; Kiaracondong (173 m asl) of 0.0637%; and Lembang (1200 m asl) at 1.0853%
Antibacterial Activity Test of Combination of Tiwai Onion Bulbs and Lemon Peel on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Get PDFTiwai onion (Eleutherine americana (Aubl.) Merr) is a plant that contains several groups of secondary metabolites, one of which is the alkaloid group. Lemon rind (Citrus limon) is a plant that contains more than 2.5% essential oil and hesperidin. Several classes of secondary metabolite compounds from these two plants have antibacterial activity. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the extract and the antibacterial activity of the extract combination. The extract characteristics were tested in the form of organoleptic, pH and solubility. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activity test was carried out by using the well diffusion method. The results obtained were the characteristics of the tiwai bulb extract and lemon peel in the form of organoleptic (color: blackish red and yellow, thick texture, distinctive aroma of onion bulbs and lemon peel); pH (6.4 and 4.8); solubility (soluble in ethanol, methanol and aquades) and antibacterial activity at a concentration of 12: 3 with an average of 8.75mm (S. aureus) and 7mm (E.coli); 12: 6 with a mean of 11mm (S.aureus) and 7.25mm (E.coli); 12: 8 with an average of 12.25mm (S.aureus) and 13.75mm (E.coli). It can be concluded that at a concentration of 12: 8 the combination of these extracts had the highest average inhibition zone in inhibiting the two bacteria
Effect of Combination of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Juice and Kersen Leaf (Muntingia calabura) Boiled Water in DM (Type 2) Patients
No full textDiabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels, which prevalence in East Kalimantan in 2018 is the third highest in Indonesia. Kersen leaves and dragon fruit are believed to regulate blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and can be used as a complementary therapy. This study aims to see the characteristics, determine the organoleptic assessment of the combination of dragon fruit juice with kersen leaves boiled water and its effect on blood glucose levels, blood pressure, heart rate, body weight, and the frequency of polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia in patients type 2 diabetes mellitus at Klinik Semoga Sehat Samarinda. The research method used was quasi experimental with pre-test and post-test procedures. The data obtained from the characteristics were 70% aged 50-59 years, 70% women, 50% diploma/bachelor, 60% housewives. For organoleptic assessment, it was found that 70% liked the taste, texture, aroma and color and 50% did not feel bitter. The combination of dragon fruit with kersen leaves boiled water had an effect on reducing blood glucose levels significantly (P <0.05) and had no significant effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and body weight (P> 0.05) and there was a change in the frequency of polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia by 80% did not urinate frequently and were not often thirsty and 90% were less hungry
Formulation and Evaluation of Lip Scrub Preparations from Honey (Apis dorsata)
No full textProblems on the skin of the lips are often found such as cracked, which can be solved by routinely using lip scrubs because dead skin cells on the lips need to be excreted. Honey can be used as a moisturizer in pharmaceutical preparations because of its humecant and emollient properties. This study aims to find out if honey can be used as a lip moisturizer and find out how to formulate lip scrub preparations from optimum honey. This research method was conducted experimentally, namely testing the moisture of honey on the lips using a skin analyzer. Then the formulation of lip scrub preparations with variations in honey concentration and physical stability testing which includes organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, and spread of preparations conducted for 28 days, in addition to being conducted irritant test preparations for 2 days in a row. The results obtained by honey moisture testing on the lips increased water content by 17.6%. The results on the organoleptic test evaluation were brown, oleum rosae smell, and sweet taste. Homogeneity test to determine the homogeneity of lip scrub preparations in the absence of clumping materials that are not dissolved. pH test obtained is a stable semi-solid lip scrub preparation that is at pH 6. Spreadability test obtained diameter of 4 cm. Based on the results of evaluation on lip scrub preparations that have good physical quality and stable in F2 with honey concentration of 6%
Formulation and Physical Quality of Binahong Leaves Extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) as Liquid Soap
No full textAcne or Acne vulgaris is a problem that is often experienced at all ages, especially in adolescents. One of the causes of acne is that the polysebase ducts (oil glands in the skin and hair) become blocked and cause the production of skin oil (sebum) which becomes food for bacteria. The flavonoids contained in the leaves of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) can inhibit bacterial growth. This study aims to formulate the Binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) into liquid soap preparation and evaluate the physical quality of the preparation. The extraction method used in this study was maceration using 96% ethanol as a solvent. Liquid soap Binahong Leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) is made into four formulas, namely F0 (containing 0% binahong leaf extract), F1 (containing 2% binahong leaf extract), F2 (containing 4% binahong leaf extract), and F3 (contains 6% binahong leaf extract). The physical quality test for liquid soap preparations includes organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, high foam, and dispersibility. The test results of the four liquid soap formulations showed that the four formulas did not experience organoleptic changes, were homogeneous, and met the pH requirements of 9.5-11. The pH range of liquid soap that meets the SNI requirements (06-3734-2006) is 8-11, the foam height range is 25-60 mm, and the spreadability range is 3-5 cm
Antibacterial Activity of Bagore Stem Extract (Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) ROXB)
No full textBagore (Caesalpiniabonduc (L.) Roxb) from the Febaceae / caesalpiniaceae family is a thorny shrub. This plant is reported to have some activity and also has metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of bagore stem extract. The extraction method used is the maceration method using ethanol solvent and the yield of 5.5% bagore stem extract followed by the determination of secondary metabolites. The stem extract was found to have positive results of flavanoid and saponin compounds which have antibacterial activity. Testing for the inhibition of Streptococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes as gram-positive bacteria and Escherichia coli as gram-negative bacteria using the well diffusion method. The extract concentrations used were 10%, 20%, and 30%, and the negative control used water and ethanol. the results of antibacterial tests against Streptococcus aureus bacteria obtained the respective inhibition zone diameters; 11,836 mm; 13,671 mm and for Propionibacterium acnes bacteria obtained the diameter of the inhibition zone for each success; 10,781 mm; 13,169 mm; 14,190 mm, while the Escherichia coli bacteria obtained the respective inhibition zone diameter; 10,552 mm; 13,436 mm; 14,036 m
Formulation and Physical Quality of Temu Putih Extract (Curcuma zedoaria) as Herbal Toothpaste
Get PDFDental caries is one of the oral and dental problems in Indonesia. One of the causes of dental caries is the accumulation of dental plaque which is caused by food scraps that stick to the teeth and undergo fermentation by bacteria. Temu Putih (Curcuma zedoaria) is a native Indonesian plant that contains flavonoids, tannins and saponins that can inhibit bacterial growth. The purpose of this study was to formulate the extract of temu putih (Curcuma zedoaria) into toothpaste and evaluate the physical quality of these preparations. The temu putih extract was obtained by maceration method using 96% ethanol as a solvent. The toothpaste preparation formulation was made with a concentration of extract of temu putih (Curcuma zedoaria) 2%, 4%, 6% with a uniform toothpaste base. Evaluation of toothpaste preparations includes homogeneity, organoleptic, pH, dispersion and foam height tests. The test results of the three toothpaste preparations showed that the three formulations were homogeneous, there was no organoleptic change, the pH range of toothpaste from 6.5 to 8.0 which fulfilled the pH requirements of toothpaste according to SNI 12-3524-1995, namely 4.5 - 10, 5, the spreadability test range is 6.4 - 8.0 cm, and the foam height test range is 6.6 - 8.3 cm