Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
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Non-Specific Parameters and Toxicity Testing of Ethanol Extract of Kokang Leaf (Lepisanthes amoena) Against Shrimp Larvae Artemia salina leach
Get PDFThe kokang leaves Lepisanthes amoena (Hassk.) Leenh) is a family of Sapindaceae which has been widely used as a traditional medicine, even now there are many formulas for the preparation of kokang leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine non-specific parameters, profile of TLC and to determine the acute toxicity of ethanol extract of kokang leaves against shrimp larvae of Artemia salina leach. The ethanol extract of kokang leaves was obtained by meseration method using 70% ethanol with a yield of 20.97%. The determination of non-specific parameters includes specific gravity, drying losses, total ash content, acid insoluble ash content. The ethanol extract of kokang leaves was analyzed by TLC profile using chloroform: acetone (8: 2) as eluent. Toxicity testing using the BSLT method and data were analyzed using Reed-Muench analysis. The results of the research to determine the non-specific parameters obtained are the average density 0.81 g; shrinkage in drying an average of 1.73%; total ash content on average 18.76%; acid insoluble ash content averaged 2.31%. The results of the TLC profile analysis were observations at UV 254 nm with an Rf value of 0.8. The results of observations on UV 366 nm showed two stains with Rf values of 0.7 and 0.8. The results of the acute toxicity test showed an LC?? value of 154.170 ppm. The conclusion based on the research results obtained non-specific parameters of kokang leaves. Based on the results of the TLC profile analysis of the compounds contained in the ethanol extract of kokang leaves, it tends to be non-polar. The LC?? value obtained shows that the ethanol extract of kokang leaves is toxic with a value of 154.170 ppm <1000 ppm
Molecular Docking of Derivated Compounds of Asaron Beta as an Antimalaria
Get PDFBeta Asarone derivatives are known for their potential as antimalarial. In the current study, the quantitave structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and molecular docking on 31 asarone derivatives was performed to search for novel more potent asarone derivatives as antimalaria. The obtained QSAR model was log IC 50 = 2.57917 + 0.019377 (AM1_HF) + 5.82755 (glob) + 0.61384 (log s) + (-1.63312 (mr)) + 0.05564 (vol). Designing new compound of asarone derivatives was performed using the validated QSAR model and the result showed that two compounds, A5 and A18, had better activities than the parent compound (ASN27). Molecular docking study showed that the two compounds were able to interact with crucial amino acid residues in the allosteric site of protein receptor (PDB code: 1CET) through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. The current study indicated that the two compounds had affinity significantly different to native ligand and might be useful to be advanced in the drug discovery process
Formulation and Physical Quality Test of Solid Herbal Soap Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni) Bark Extract
No full textResearchers have conducted research on the 1% 3% concentration of cinnamon bark extract (Cinnamomum burmanii.) For the manufacture of herbal solid soap preparations and tested the physical quality of herbal solid soap preparations. Cinnamon has antibacterial properties. This study aims to determine the extract of cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmanii.) Can be used as solid soap with a concentration of 1%, 3% which meets the requirements of the physical quality test which includes pH test, foam power test, organoleptic test, and homogeneity test. The design of this research is experimental research and the data were analyzed descriptively. Cinnamon bark extract was obtained from the maceration process with 70% ethanol. Making herbal solid soap formulations and soap making using the Cold Process method. The treatment in this study the concentration method added was 1% 3%. The homogeneity test showed that the three solid soap formulations of cinnamon bark extract (Cinnamomum burmanii) remained homogeneous as indicated by the absence of coarse grains or particles on the surface of the herbal solid soap for cinnamon bark extract (Cinnamomum burmanii.) High stability of the foam with a height of 9cm and a pH value. already in accordance with SNI 06 - 3532 - 2016 with a pH value of 9-11 the organoleptic test shows different results
Optimization of Extraction Method of Black Betel Leaf (Piper Sp.) Against Secondary Metabolite Content
No full textThe black betel plant (Piper Sp.) Has been empirically used by the public for a treatment. This plant has the potential to be developed into pharmaceutical products made from natural ingredients, so an extraction method is needed that can be used as a standard in the development of this plant. The research aims to determine the effect of stirring speed, solid-liquid ratio and sample surface area in the extraction method and to determine the profile of the extraction method. the optimum black betel leaf based on the yield parameters of the extract and the TLC profile. This research is an experimental study conducted by extracting black betel leaves using the maceration method which is influenced by several conditions, namely, with a stirring speed of 300 rpm; 400 rpm; 500 rpm, 1: 5 solid to liquid ratio; 1:10; 1:15 and the surface area of the chopping sample using a blender; 1x1 cm; 2x2 cm. Then the extract yield was calculated and the TLC profile observations were made. The results showed that the stirring speed, the solid-liquid ratio and the surface area of the sample affected the yield of the extract. However, the stirring speed and surface area of the sample did not affect the stain pattern on the TLC profile, while the liquid solid ratio affected the stain pattern on the TLC profile, and the optimum extraction method for the extract yield on black betel leaf was stirring speed of 300 rpm, solid to liquid ratio. ratio of 1:15 and the surface area of the chopped sample using a blender
Optimization of Peel-Off Gel Mask Base and Physical Stability Test of Peel-Off Gel Mask from Black Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L. VAR. NIGRA)
No full textGel peel-off masks have many advantages, namely that besides being easy to apply, this masks can also produce good release and penetration of active substances. Black betle (Piper betle L. var. Nigra) is a type of plant that has been studied to have good antibacterial activity against several types of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of this study was to determine the best formulation for the gel mask and to determine the stability of the preparation of the gel peel-off mask after addition of black betel leaf extract (Piper betle L. var. Nigra). The optimization of the gel-base was carried out by formulating a gel peel- off mask preparation using carbopol in 4 different concentrations, namely F1 0.5%, F2 1%, F3 1.5% and F4 2%, then carried out a physical evaluation of the preparation including organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, dispersibility, adhesion, viscosity and drying time. After getting the best gel-base formula, black betle leaf extract was added, and the preparation was again performed for physical evaluation. The result of the optimization of the base gel peel-off mask obtained a base with the characteristics of a transparent white gel, homogeneous, characteristic aroma, thick, pH 5.37, adhesion 18 seconds ? 1 minute, spreading 4,5-7 cm cm, time drying time 14-19 minutes and viscosity of 3,987-26,164 Pa.s. The average results of the physical stability test of the preparation of the gel peel-off mask after the addition of black betle leaf extract were dark green, homogeneous, distinctive rose aroma, thick form, pH 5.6, adhesion 19 seconds, spread 6.4 cm, drying time 17 minutes, viscosity 3.251 Pa.s and absence of syneresis
Potential of n-Hexane and Ethanol Extract from Betel Leaves (Piper betle Linn) as a Mouth Remover Caused by Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus
No full textThe mouth is an ideal place for the growth and development of microorganisms because the mouth has moisture and a regular intake of food. Microbes found in the mouth, namely Staphylococcus aureus which can cause bad breath, one type of plant that is used as a bad breath remover is betel leaf. Betel leaf (Piper betle Linn) contains chavikol and betlephenol which can inhibit bacterial growth. This study aims to identify the class of compounds in betel leaf that have potential as antibacterial properties against S. aureus bacteria. The betel leaf was dried, then crushed to expand the surface of the sample (simplicia). Simplicia as much as 300 grams of macerated stratified with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The result was evaporated and the weight of each extract was 6.4371 g (n-hexane), 8.8007 g (etylacetate) and 9.2173 g (ethanol). Phytochemical tests and thin layer chromatography (TLC) using eluent n-hexane and ethyl acetate (8: 2) showed that n-hexane extract was thought to contain flavonoids, ethyl acetate extract containing saponins and ethanol extract containing polyphenols. Antibacterial activity test was carried out by using the paper disc diffusion method. Both the n-hexane extract and the ethanol extract of betel leaf showed very strong antibacterial activity, characterized by a diameter of inhibition above 20 mm
Review: Flavonoid Compounds in Orthosiphon stamineus
No full textOrthosiphon stamineus has long been used in traditional medicine in East India, Indo China, Southeast Asia, and tropical Australia, where this plant is usually found. Based on the color of the flowers and petals, Orthosiphon stamineus is classified into two varieties: white flowers (white varieties) and purple flowers (purple varieties). Orthosiphon stamineus has traditionally been used to treat hypertension, diabetes, bladder and kidney disorders, gallstones, gout, and rheumatism. The leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus were introduced to Europe and Japan as tea for health. The main compounds possessed by Orthosiphon stamineus are rosmarinic acid, eupatorium, and sinensetin. In addition, several studies have isolated the plant of Orthosiphon stamineus. This journal review aims to review studies related to the content of secondary metabolites, traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and levels of flavonoids contained in plants
Optimization of Transparent Solid Soap Base Using Olive Oil and the Effect of Sucrose Concentration on Soap Transparency
No full textTransparent solid soap has a luxurious, classy, and attractive appearance so it is often sold as a souvenir which is relatively expensive but still has a unique and exclusive appearance. In the process of making transparent soap, sugar (sucrose) functions to form transparency on the soap. Olive oil is one of the potential raw materials for soap making because it has a high content of oleic acid which is good for skin health. This study aims to formulate a transparent solid soap based on raw materials of olive oil and lintut leaf essential oil that meets the characteristics of transparent solid soap and soap quality requirements in accordance with SNI (1994). Sucrose as a transparent agent for soap is concentrated into 14%, 18%, and 22%. Then the base optimization was carried out by varying olive oil and 30% NaOH in three formulations. The results showed that the sucrose concentration was 22% which resulted in the most transparent preparation. Then the evaluation of base optimization shows that all formulas have good characteristics and only formula 2 (18% olive oil and 12% NaOH) fulfills all the soap quality requirements according to SNI (1994)
Gel Base Optimization and Evaluation of Anti-Acne Gel Black Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L. Var Nigra)
Get PDFGel is a semi-solid preparation that is clear, translucent and contains active ingredients. Acne is a skin disorder caused by the Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. Black betel (Piper betle L. var Nigra) contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, and polyphenolates which function as antibacterial. So that it can be formulated as an active substance in anti-acne gel preparations. The purpose of this study was to obtain a gel base with good physical stability and to evaluate the gel preparations mixed with black betel leaf extract (Piper betle L. var Nigra). Base optimization is done with 4 formulas with variations of Carbopol and TEA, namely B1, B2, B3, and B4. After getting the best gel base, then 3 formulas were made with various concentrations of black betel leaf extract (Piper betle L. var Nigra), namely F1 5%, F2 10%, and F3 15%. Then performed the physical stability test of the anti-acne gel preparation including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, dispersion, adhesion, syneresis and viscosity for 16 days. The results obtained in the base optimization are clear, smell typical of bases, thick, homogeneous, pH range 6.1-6.8, spreadability 5.8-6.9 cm, adhesion 8-21 seconds, and viscosity 2.75. -5.81 Pa.s. The results obtained on the anti-acne gel are dark green, unique extract odor, thick, homogeneous, no syneresis, pH range 5.6-6.1, spreadability 6.0-6.9 cm, adhesion 14-21. seconds, and a viscosity of 2.12-6.81 Pa.s. The results showed that the gel base formula B4 was in accordance with the standard physical stability parameters. The addition of black betel leaf extract (Piper betle L. var Nigra) to the gel base affected the physical stability of the anti-acne gel preparation, but it was still included in the standard parameters of a good gel
Formulation and Physical Quality Test of Provision of Body Scrub from Rice Husb Active Character (Oryza sativa)
Get PDFRice husk (Oryza sativa) has a high content of activated carbon, activated charcoal is able to open clogged pores and improve skin cleansing by removing dead skin on the surface. Activated charcoal rice husk formulated sebagai scrubs using stearic acid, cethyl alcohol, and propilenglikol. Scrub as a scrub to remove dead skin cells using amylum oryzae. The concentration of activated rice husk charcoal used was 0% in the control formula, 8 % in formula I, 10% in formula II, and 12% in formula III. Evaluation Physical quality of body scrub based on parameters such as organoleptic, homogeneity test, pH test, spreadability test, adhesion test, emulsion type test. Body scrubs activated charcoal rice husk has a stable pH 7. Dispersibility formulation is 5,7cm, 5,8cm, 5,6cm. Rice husk activated charcoal body scrub is stable in room temperature storage or low temperature (2-8?C). All formulations evenly distributed homogeneously have stable color, smell and taste. Rice husk activated charcoal (Oryza sativa) can be formulated into a stable body scrub that meets the requirements. The most stable formulation was formulation 1 with a concentration of rice husk activated charcoal (Oryza sativa) of 8%