Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
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Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Profile of Endophytic Fungi Extract of Arcangelisia flava L. Merr.
No full textEach plant contains several endophytic fungi that can produce secondary metabolites, one of which is akar kuning plants. This study was conducted to determine the profile TLC of the secondary metabolites separation from the extract of endophytic fungi of akar kuning (Arcangelisia flava L. Merr.). This research began with fermentation of the akar kuning fungi isolate for 14 days. After 14 days, the endophytic fungi biomass and PDB medium were extract by the liquid-liquid extraction method using ethyl acetate as a solvent. Fungi extracts were identified using a thin layer chromatography (TLC) method, observed in UV light of 254 nm, 366 nm and sprayed with dragendorff detection reagent and AlCl3. The identification results with eluent n-hexane: ethyl acetate (3: 1) in 7 spots with Rf values of 0.15; 0.22; 0.35; 0.56; 0.75; 0.85; and 0.95, n-hexane: ethyl acetate (1: 3) produce 6 spots with an Rf value of 0.09; 0.38; 0.67; 0.76; 0.8 ;and 0.85
Mucolytic Activity Test of a Squeeze of Miana leaves (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br.) by in Vitro
No full textMucolytics are drugs that can dilute airway secretions by preventing mucoprotein and mucopolysaccharide threads from being sputum. Empirically, the juice of miana leaves is used by the Toraja people to treat cough with pHlegm. There has been no testing of miana leaf juice as a mucolytic agent, therefore this study was conducted to see the mucolytic activity of miana leaf juice. The test was carried out in vitro using bovine intestinal mucus as a negative control and acetyl as a positive control. Mucolytic activity can be seen from the decrease in viscosity produced by each test sample. Samples were tested using a Rheosys viscometer with a temperature and pH that matched the pHysiological conditions of the body. The results showed that the concentration of 1% miana juice had a large mucolytic activity, compared to concentrations of 0.5%, 1.5, and 2%. The results of pHytochemical screening showed that miana leaf juice was positive for saponins and flavonoids which were thought to work in decreasing the viscosity of mucus
Efforts to Make Cashew Nut Shell Liquid as Raw Material for Pharmaceutical Products
No full textCashew (Anacardium occidentale L) is one of the plantation commodities which has a high economic value. However, the utilization is still limited to the cashew, while the shells have not been used as a product. The purpose of this study was to obtain cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) oil from cashew nut shells. Furthermore, efforts were made to purify CNSL which could be used as an opportunity for the use of cashew nut shell oil in the pharmaceutical field. This research was conducted experimentally with the Soxhlet extraction method using n-hexane solvent and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The analysis carried out included yield, viscosity, acid number, specific gravity and pH while the analysis of CNSL purification efforts included screening, management and use of ice cubes. The results obtained were yield (%) 29.76 ? 4.133, acid number (mg KOH / gr) 129.70 ? 10.927, specific gravity (g / ml) 1.086 ? 0.0009, viscosity (cps) 464.79 ? 42.959 and pH 6.13 ? 0.134. The way of purification efforts carried out by physical processes, use, use of ice cubes did not show significantly different results. It can be said that cashew nut shell oil can be used as raw material for pharmaceutical products from the amount of oil yield obtained and requested in the next research to find out more suitable methods for CNSL purificatio
Traditional Medicine Pattern for Self-Medication in Temajuk Village, a 3T (Frontier, Outermost, and Underdeveloped) Region in West Kalimantan
No full textLiving in a 3T region (frontier, outermost, and underdeveloped) of West Kalimantan, people who live in Temajuk village, have long been practicing self-medication using traditional medicines. Despite the existence of a primary care service in Temajuk, the people’s habit in utilising natural herbal medicine to cure their illness still exists until now. The aim of this study was to identify patterns of traditional medicine as self-medication treatment among Temajuk villagers. This study was a cross sectional descriptive study using 138 participants who met the criteria including aged 20-50 years and have been practising self-medication. The participants were asked to fill a set of questionnaire. The results of this study showed that the average age of participants was 33.86 y.o. They used Piper betle folium mostly (39.86%) in self-medication practice. 44.2% of participants believed in traditional medicine. Fever (22.47%) was the most chosen indications to use traditional medicine for self-medication. 60.87% respondents used traditional plant from their back and 59.42% of them made it into decocta or infusum. Most of participants did not experience any adverse effect (86.96%) during self-medication practice. In brief, this study proved that the practice of self-medication using traditional medicine is often to occur and still important for people in Temajuk village
Lip Balm Formulation of Almond Oil and Kesumba Keling (Bixa orellana L.) Seed Extract as Natural Colorants
No full textlip balm is a preparation used on the lips as a moisturizer and lip protector. there have been many innovations lip balm with moisturizers and dyes natural ingredients. In general, the lip balms on the market use chemicals that can cause irritation. Therefore, almond oil is used which is a natural oil as an emollient and the kesumba keling Plant is a natural dye derived from the extraction of the kesumba keling seeds. The method used was experimental research, namely the formulation of lip balm with various concentrations of almond oil. 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% and stability testing of preparations covering organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, dispersibility, which was carried out for 28 days, in addition to that, the melting point test was carried out. The results obtained in the organoleptic test were reddish orange in color, a distinctive odor of lip balm, with a semi-solid consistency. Result of Homogeneity test is the absence of coarse grains (homogeneous). The result of pH test is pH of the lip balm preparation stable at pH 5. The result of spreadability test is a diameter range of 2.5 - 4 cm. And the result of melting point test is a range of 54 - 580C. Based on the evaluation results, the lip balm has better physical quality and is stable in the 20% almond oil lip balm formulation
Formulation and Physical Quality Test of Basil Leaf Extract Herbal Liquid Soap (Ocimum sanctum L.)
Get PDFAcne is a skin problem that is often a problem for most teenagers in Indonesia. This acne can occur due to a lack of facial hygiene, which causes the growth of bacteria. Basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) is a plant that grows in Indonesia and contains alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and tannins which can inhibit the growth of bacteria. The purpose of this study was to utilize Basil extract (Ocimum sanctum L.) into liquid soap preparation and evaluate the physical quality of the preparation. Basil extract (Ocimum sanctum L.) can be obtained by using the maceration method using 96% ethanol as a solvent. Liquid soap preparation formulations are made with extract concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6% with a uniform liquid soap base. Evaluation of liquid soap preparations includes tests for homogeneity, organoleptic, pH, dispersibility, and high foam. The results of the three liquid soap formulations showed that the three formulations were homogeneous and there was no organoleptic change, the pH range of liquid soap 9-11 which fulfilled the pH requirements of liquid soap according to SNI No. 06-4085-1996, namely 8 - 11, the spreadability test range is 2.7 - 3cm and the foam height test range is 3 ? 8,5cm
Formulation of Physical Quality Test For Moringa Leaf Extract Solid Soap (Moringa oleifera L.)
No full textThe leaves of Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) have the potential as a medicinal plant which can often be used as an alternative for the treatment of various diseases. Besides being able to be processed for food ingredients, Moringa leaves can also be used as an anti-cancer treatment, prevent anemia and can also inhibit the activity of bacteria and fungi. This study aims to produce solid soap for Moringa leaf extract and to test the physical quality according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). This research method is experimental which consists of the manufacture of simplicia and extraction using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent. formulation using Moringa leaf extract with a concentration of 0% (base), 3% (F1), and 5% (F2). Evaluation of the physical characteristics of solid soap includes organoleptic observation, homogeneity testing, pH test, foam power test. The preparation was evaluated for 4 weeks, the data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that a solid soap preparation that is homogeneous, has a dense and smooth texture, has a fragrant aroma, base (white color), F1 (blackish green color), F2 (blackish green color). The average pH value on the basis, F1, F2 is 9.The organoleptic test results on base solid soap preparations, F1, F2 did not change from week 1 to 4. Base solid soap foam power test values, F1, F2 remain stable. The conclusion of this research is that the physical quality of the Moringa leaf extract solid soap meets the SNI requirements
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Penggunaan Obat Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit PMI Kota Bogor
No full textType 2 diabetes mellitus is insulin resistance with a relative of insulin secretion disorders. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia in 2000 came in fourth place by 8,4 million population and in 2030 is estimated to have increased by 2,3 million. This study aims to evaluate medication adherence and factors related to adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study uses descriptive analysis design conducted in February to March 2020 with a total 60 outpatient respondents. Respondent adherence rates were measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale 8 Items (MMAS 8-Items) questionnaire. The significance of the relationship between variables with respondent compliance was measured using Chi-Square. While the dominant factor influencing the respondent?s medication adherence was measured using Binary Logistic Regression. The results of the study prove that the level of adherence of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatient in the Bogor City PMI is in the category of ?moderate adherence?. Bivariate analysis results showed a significant relationship between education (p value 0,041), the amount of non-diabetic drugs (p value 0,035) and the total amount of drugs (p value 0,003) with respondent adherence. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the variable total amount of drugs was the dominant factor affecting the adherence of respondent taking medication (Odds Ratio 8,350)
Docking Simulation of Umbi Bawang Tiwai Napthoquinones Compound (Eleutherine americana Merr.) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria
No full textBawang tiwai (Eleutherine americana Mirr.) is a plant empirically used as an antituberculosis. This plant is thought to have potential because having a compound naphthoquinone potential antituberculosis seen from the average value of the MIC between 206,6 and 12.5 ?M. This study aims to examine a model of the interaction of compounds derived naphthoquinone of bawang tiwai against the side of the fastener from the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The method used is docking molecular using AutoDock tools, and Biovia 2020, the prediction of physicochemical which refers to the law of the five Lipinski of using pkCSM online tool. The receptor proteins used were InhA (PDB: 2X23) and the test ligands of elecanacin, eleutherin, eleutherol, and isoeleutherin. The results show that the four compounds comply with Lipinski\u27s five laws, and the docking analysis data is the value of free bond energy (?G) of the four compounds, respectively, -5.82, -4.80, - 5.06, -5.52. The ?G value is below the natural ligand, namely -8, 19, and no hydrogen bonding interaction. It can be concluded that the four naphthoquinone derivative compounds in bawang tiwai lack the potential to bind to the binding site of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria
Lip Cream Formulation with Natural Coloring Senggani Fruit Extract (Melastoma malabathricum L.)
No full textSenggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) is a wild plant that has anthocyanin compounds which are red, purple and blue pigments in plants that can be used as natural dyes. So, to increase the use value of the senggani plant, senggani fruit extract is used as a natural coloring agent in lip cream preparations. Senggani fruit was extracted, then formulated. The quality of the preparation is determined through evaluation of physical characteristics (organoleptic test, homogeneity test, dispersion test, adhesion test, viscosity test and pH test), physical stability test (freeze thaw method and room temperature) for 16 days, evaluation of the safety of the irritation test (method patch test) and acceptability (hedonic test method). The results obtained were the lip cream preparation formula using senggani fruit extract with a concentration of 5%, 10%, and 15% producing purple, reddish purple, and purplish red colors, respectively. The results of the evaluation of the physical characteristics of all preparations included the aroma of rose flowers, semisolid consistency, homogeneous and has a viscosity, dispersibility, adhesion, and pH that meet the pharmaceutical requirements of lip cream preparations. The results of the physical stability test of the three formulas showed that all preparations were stable, with organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, and viscosity that met the range and there was no phase separation. The results of the irritation test of the preparations showed that the preparations did not irritate and the results of the acceptability of the preparations in terms of color and texture of the preparations were preferably panelists at a concentration of 10% and in terms of aroma, preferably panelists at a concentration of 5%