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Surface Groups Mongolia 1984-2023
No full textThis project develops a novel procedure for proxying economic activity with daytime satellite imagery across time periods and spatial units, for which reliable data on economic activity are otherwise not available. In developing this unique proxy, we apply machine-learning techniques to a historical time series of daytime satellite imagery from the Landsat program dating back to 1984. Compared to satellite data on night light intensity, another common economic proxy, our proxy more precisely predicts economic activity at smaller regional levels and over longer time horizons. Our procedure is generalizable to any region in the world, and it has great potential for analyzing historical economic developments, evaluating local policy reforms, and controlling for economic activity at highly disaggregated regional levels in econometric applications. Therefore, we produce our proxy for any region in the world and publish the data as georeferend TIF files in this repository. In our paper, we demonstrate our measure’s usefulness for the example of Germany, where East German data on economic activity are unavailable for detailed regional levels and historical time series
Q-Guide: for qualitative research reporting (DOC ONLY)
No full textThe preparation and reporting of qualitative research require transparent values and consistent procedures to produce well-crafted, credible results. Such transparent reporting is especially important in the context of epistemic pluralism, as it aids in explicating theoretical commitments and their methodological implications. To this end, this paper develops a guide – called the Q-Guide – comprising 15 dimensions for preparing and reporting qualitative research, grounded in the three values of review, reflexivity and responsibility. It considers three established guides for reporting qualitative research in the social sciences and adapts them to methodological debates in different language traditions in geography to propose the Q-Guide. The Q-Guide provides a systematic framework of aspects to consider in preparing and reporting qualitative research. The paper provides the Q-Guide as a downloadable tool and two examples of its application to guide methods reporting. Adoption of the Q-Guide supports more consistent and transparent methods reporting, enabling more reflexive and responsible research
Media Content Analysis
No full textThe central research question of this project is: how have different traditions of national identity, citizenship, and church-state relations affected European immigration countries’ incorporation of Islam, and what are the consequences of these approaches for patterns of cultural distance and interaction between Muslim immigrants and their descendants, and the receiving society? We answer this question by focusing on three specific research questions: (1) What are the differences between European immigration countries in how they deal with cultural and religious differences of immigrant groups in general, and of Muslims in particular? This question has two aspects. First, the more formal aspect of legislation and jurisprudence, which we will address by way of gathering a systematic set of cross-national indicators using secondary sources. Secondly, cultural relations are also affected importantly by how conceptions of national identity, citizenship, church-state relations, and the position of Islam in relation to these, are framed and contested in the public sphere. (2) To what extent do we find differences across immigration countries in cultural distance and patterns of interaction between various Muslim immigrant groups and the receiving society population? On the one hand, we will focus here on attitudes, norms, and values. On the other hand, we will look at cultural and religious resources and practices. (3) To what extent can cross-national differences in cultural distance and patterns of interethnic and interreligious interaction be explained by the different approaches that immigration countries have followed towards the management of cultural difference in general, and Islam in particular
Selects 2023 Post-Election Survey
No full textThe Swiss Election Study (Selects) 2023 consists of four complementary components: The Post-Election Survey (PES), the Panel Survey, the Candidate Survey, and the Media Analysis. The study design is largely inspired by Selects 2019. The PES and Candidate Survey are mixed-mode surveys (online/paper), with a push-to-web design, whereas the Panel Study is an online survey. In April 2022, a call for questions/modules was opened to allow researchers from Switzerland and abroad to include novel questions into one or different components of Selects. Ten out of 14 submitted proposals were selected by the Selects Commission after a review process conducted by internationally renowned election researchers, and were fully or partially integrated into one or several components of Selects 2023. The Selects surveys were approved by the Ethics commission of the University of Lausanne. Post-Election Survey (PES): The Post-Election Survey consists of 5033 respondents who answered the questionnaire in the period from 23 October 2023 to 12 January 2024. The survey was conducted in a sequential mixed mode with web offered as the first option: 90% responded in this way, while 10% responded by returning the paper questionnaire that was sent out with the second reminder to those that had not completed the web questionnaire. The sampling was based on a representative sample of around 2’600 Swiss citizens, with an oversampling of small cantons to have at least 50 respondents in every canton. An additional oversampling was done in the cantons of Geneva and Ticino thanks to additional funding from these cantons. The sample was drawn by the Federal Statistics Office from the SRPH. Sample members received an unconditional incentive (10 CHF in cash) that was sent out with the invitation letter. Module 6 Questionnaire of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems was included into the PES. Panel Survey: The Panel Survey studies the evolution of opinion and vote intention/choice during the different phases of the election cycle. In 2023, three waves were conducted: the first before the main campaign period (June/early August), the second during the election campaign (September/October), and the third after the elections (October/November). The initial random sample (stratified by big region/NUTS II) was taken by the Federal Statistics Office from the SRPH. 8197 individuals responded to the first wave, 6077 to the second wave, and 5579 to the third wave. Conditional incentives were used in all three panel waves (lottery of 5x300 CHF in wave 1, 10 CHF in cash in waves 2 and 3). The Panel Survey will continue with annual follow-up waves until the 2027 elections. Wave 4 took place between 23 September and 4 November 2024, with 4'919 respondents. Candidate Survey: The Candidate Survey was carried out among all candidates for the National Council and the Council of States in the framework of the international Comparative Candidate Survey (CCS) project, based on the Round III questionnaire. The survey collects data on the biography, campaign activities, and policy position of the candidates. Among others, the information gathered makes possible the study of underlying factors of candidates’ electoral success, as well as of issues of representation and linkage between voters and elites. In 2023, 2527 out of 5997 candidates participated in the Candidate Survey. This survey was conducted by FORS in collaboration with Politools and the University of Bern. Media Analysis: On behalf of Selects, the Center for Research & Methods at the University of Applied Sciences in Business Administration Zurich (HWZ) conducted a Media Analysis. The Media Analysis is a supplement to the Panel Survey and makes it possible to analyse the election campaign in the media and its influence on voters' opinion formation. A media study has been part of Selects since 2003. In 2023, 116 daily or weekly newspapers (print and online) were content-analyzed in the period between 1 May 2023 and 31 October 2023
Surface Groups Federated States of Micronesia 1984-2023
No full textThis project develops a novel procedure for proxying economic activity with daytime satellite imagery across time periods and spatial units, for which reliable data on economic activity are otherwise not available. In developing this unique proxy, we apply machine-learning techniques to a historical time series of daytime satellite imagery from the Landsat program dating back to 1984. Compared to satellite data on night light intensity, another common economic proxy, our proxy more precisely predicts economic activity at smaller regional levels and over longer time horizons. Our procedure is generalizable to any region in the world, and it has great potential for analyzing historical economic developments, evaluating local policy reforms, and controlling for economic activity at highly disaggregated regional levels in econometric applications. Therefore, we produce our proxy for any region in the world and publish the data as georeferend TIF files in this repository. In our paper, we demonstrate our measure’s usefulness for the example of Germany, where East German data on economic activity are unavailable for detailed regional levels and historical time series
Surface Groups Barbados 1984-2023
No full textThis project develops a novel procedure for proxying economic activity with daytime satellite imagery across time periods and spatial units, for which reliable data on economic activity are otherwise not available. In developing this unique proxy, we apply machine-learning techniques to a historical time series of daytime satellite imagery from the Landsat program dating back to 1984. Compared to satellite data on night light intensity, another common economic proxy, our proxy more precisely predicts economic activity at smaller regional levels and over longer time horizons. Our procedure is generalizable to any region in the world, and it has great potential for analyzing historical economic developments, evaluating local policy reforms, and controlling for economic activity at highly disaggregated regional levels in econometric applications. Therefore, we produce our proxy for any region in the world and publish the data as georeferend TIF files in this repository. In our paper, we demonstrate our measure’s usefulness for the example of Germany, where East German data on economic activity are unavailable for detailed regional levels and historical time series
Comparative Candidates Survey (CCS) Module III - Cumulative Dataset 2019 - 2024
No full textThe Comparative Candidates Survey (CCS) is a response to the growing number of candidate surveys in the Anglo-Saxon world and beyond. The rational of the CCS is to harmonise these dispersed efforts and give them a cross-nationally comparable core. The CCS is an internationally coordinated effort. It combines an internationally agreed and locally adapted core questionnaire with questions that try to capture national and election specifics. The core candidate questionnaire specifically focuses on the issue of individualisation of electoral campaigns, i.e. the empirical question to what extent the candidates run their own campaigns distinct from those of their parties. CCS has been running since 2005. Using the CCS Module I questionnaire, the first wave includes candidate surveys from 32 elections across 24 countries. The second wave incorporates candidate surveys from 30 parliamentary elections in 21 countries, where the CCS Module II questionnaire was used. To date, the third wave contains candidate surveys from 13 elections across 11 countries that used the CCS Module III questionnaire. More information on the project can be found on the CCS website (www.comparativecandidates.org)
2021 Census: Flow Data
No full textAbstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The 2021 UK Census was the 23rd official census of the United Kingdom. The UK Census is generally conducted once every 10 years, and the 2021 censuses of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland took place on 21 March 2021. In Scotland, the decision was made to move the census to March 2022 because of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic (see SNs 9461 and 9462). The censuses were administered by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) and National Records of Scotland (NRS), respectively. Census 2021 was the first census with a digital-first design, encouraging participants to respond online rather than on a paper questionnaire. Support was given to people who could not respond online, including paper questionnaires, telephone contact centres, field force support, and an extended collection period.Topics covered in the 2021 UK Census included:demography and migrationethnic group, national identity, language and religionlabour market and travel to workhousingeducationhealth, disability, and unpaid careWelsh and other languagesUK armed forces veteranssexual orientation and gender identity.Census flow data involve flows of individuals in the UK between origins and destinations. These flows are either the residential migrations of individuals from one place of usual residence to another, or of commuters making journeys from home to workplace or place of study. These data are derived from the questions on the census form relating to usual place of residence one year ago, and the place of work for the respondent's main job. Flow data are currently available at a range of different spatial scales ranging from Output Areas to Local Authority Districts. Main Topics:The Census Support: Flow Data website facilitates access to the interaction data for members of UK higher and further education institutions. Access is provided through the Web-based Interface to Census Interaction Data (WICID).Explicit registration is not required for the 2021 Census products that have been released under the Open Government Licence. However, outputs from the 2021 Census classified as 'Safeguarded' require users to agree on additional terms and conditions. Access to these datasets is only permitted via Federated Access. The Flow Data website provides two basic routes to the data.WICID is the main route to the flow data. It provides a flexible service to download extracts of data in a variety of forms;the Downloads page allows users to download the original tables as released by ONS and NISRA.Access data through the WICID Flow Data website. View the Census flow data guide
Citizens' Pulse: Combined Data 2024
No full textKansalaispulssi selvittää suomalaisten mielipiteitä viranomaisten ja hallituksen toiminnasta, luottamuksesta, julkisesta taloudesta, energiansäästöstä, ympäristöteoista, rasismista, kansainvälisistä suhteista sekä Venäjän hyökkäyksestä Ukrainaan. Lisäksi selvitetään vastaajan yleistä mielialaa ja huolenaiheita. Tämä yhdistetty aineisto sisältää vuonna 2024 kerätyt 10 Kansalaispulssi-aineistoa. Kierros 24 -muuttuja sisältää tiedon, missä keruussa kysymys on esitetty. Kyselylomakkeet ovat saatavilla Kansalaispulssi-aineistosarjan yksittäisten aineistojen kuvailujen yhteydessä. Taustamuuttujina olivat vastauskieli, vastaajan sukupuoli, ikäryhmä, maakunta, koulutus sekä tietoja kotitalouden rakenteesta ja taloudellisesta tilanteesta.The Citizens' Pulse surveys examine Finnish attitudes and opinions on current issues. Main themes in the surveys include the Russian invasion of Ukraine, energy conservation, the activity and communication of authorities, international relations, future expectations, trust, and the respondents' own state of mind. This combined dataset includes the 10 Citizens' Pulse surveys conducted in 2024. The variable kierros24 contains information on the collection round in which each question was asked. The questionnaire files (in Finnish) are available in the study descriptions of the individual datasets in the Citizens' Pulse series. Background variables included the language responded in, the respondent's gender, age group, NUTS3 region of residence, highest level of education, household composition, and perceived financial situation of household
Eye-tracking Experiment to Research Consumer Purchasing Behavior for Potting Soils
No full textThe aim of the study was to examine consumer behavior when deciding on (peat-free) garden soils. Data was collected between May 25, 2023, and October 18, 2023, on a total of 16 survey days at five garden shows. The experimental setup simulated a DIY store situation in a laboratory-like environment with five different products. Potential participants were recruited from among the visitors to the garden shows. This made it possible to survey people who were particularly interested in gardening. A combined survey approach was used, involving eye tracking, qualitative interviews, and a quantitative questionnaire. The aim of the eye tracking survey was to record the visual behavior of the participants as they made their decisions. Short qualitative interviews were conducted after the eye tracking experiment to record the participants´ subjective decision-making logic and final product choice. Excerpts from this data were quantified and incorporated into the overall data set. In addition to sociodemographic information, the quantitative questionnaire covered the following aspects: importance of attributes for the selected product, assessment of attributes for the selected product, overall assessment of the product, involvement battery, gardening information. The present data set is a complete data set of 273 participants. It was compiled from the three partial data sets of the three survey phases.Eye tracking experiment to record participants´ visual behavior during decision-making: Total visit duration (TVD): Total time spent by participants in a defined area (AOI) in seconds. Visit counts (VC): Number of times a defined area (AOI) is visited. Fixation count (FX): Number of fixations within a defined area (AOI). Time to first fixation (TTFF): Time span in seconds until a defined area (AOI) is fixed by the participants. The measurement begins when recording starts and ends with the fixation. Following the eye tracking experiment, short qualitative interviews were conducted to record the participants´ subjective decision-making logic and final product decision. The quantitative questionnaire covered the following aspects: Importance of the following attributes of the selected product: price, brand, intended use (for a plant variety), size of the packaging unit (volume), organic, suitable for organic farming, recycled packaging, certified product quality, peat-free, packaging design, secondary ingredients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.), raw materials of the substrates (e.g., compost), instructions for use); perception of the above attributes in the selected product; assessment (perception) of the above attributes in the selected product, overall assessment of the selected product in terms of perceived quality, price, trustworthiness, and sustainability; Involvement battery (selection of types and brands of substrates on the market completely irrelevant vs. very important, different types and brands of available substrates are all the same vs. different, making the right choice of substrate is not important at all vs. extremely important); gardening information: Years of gardening experience; gardening environment (at home on the balcony/terrace, at home in the garden, in an allotment garden, in an urban gardening initiative, I do not garden); personally most important aspect of gardening (contributing to environmental protection, social contact and exchange with others, growing my own food, beautifying the environment, e.g., with flowers). Demography: sex; age; highest vocational qualification; net household income (grouped). The following were also coded: Raw ID; source (data source); time; interview ID; survey date; involvement index; substrate choice; recoding of perceived quality, recoding of perceived fair price, recoding of perceived trust, recoding of perceived sustainability; index of overall assessment of the selected product.Ziel der Studie war es, das Verbraucherverhalten bei der Produktentscheidung zu (torffreien) Gartenerden zu untersuchen. Die Datenerhebung fand im Zeitraum 25.05.2023 - 18.10.2023 an insgesamt 16 Erhebungstagen auf fünf Gartenschauen statt. Der Versuchsaufbau simulierte eine Baumarktsituation in einer laborähnlichen Umgebung mit fünf verschiedenen Produkten. Die Rekrutierung potenzieller Teilnehmender erfolgte unter den Besuchern der Gartenschauen. Hierdurch konnten insbesondere gärtnerisch interessierte Personen befragt werden. Es wurde ein kombinierter Erhebungsansatz verfolgt mittels Eyetracking, qualitativer Interviews und eines quantitativen Fragebogens. Ziel der Eyetracking-Erhebung war es, das visuelle Verhalten der Teilnehmenden bei ihrer Entscheidungsfindung zu erfassen. Um die subjektiven Entscheidungslogiken und die finale Produktentscheidung der Teilnehmenden festzuhalten, wurden im Anschluss an das Eyetracking-Experiment kurze qualitative Interviews geführt. Auszüge dieser Daten wurden quantifiziert und in den Gesamtdatensatz eingearbeitet. Der quantitative Fragebogen umfasste neben der Soziodemographie die folgenden Aspekte: Wichtigkeit der Attribute am ausgewählten Produkt, Beurteilung der Attribute am ausgewählten Produkt, Gesamtbeurteilung des Produkts, Involvement-Batterie, gärtnerische Informationen. Bei dem vorliegenden Datensatz handelt es sich um einen Gesamtdatensatz von 273 Teilnehmenden. Dieser wurde aus den drei Teildatensätzen der drei Erhebungsphasen zusammengeführt.Eyetracking-Experiment zur Erfassung des visuellen Verhaltens der Teilnehmenden bei ihrer Entscheidungsfindung: Total visit duratio (TVD): Gesamtverweildauer in Sekunden, welche die Teilnehmenden auf einem definierten Bereich (AOI) verbracht haben. Visit counts (VC): Anzahl, wie oft ein definierter Bereich (AOI) besucht wird. Fixation Count (FX): Anzahl der Fixationen innerhalb eines definierten Bereichs (AOI). Time to first fixation (TTFF): Zeitspanne in Sekunden bis ein definierter Bereich (AOI) von den Teilnehmenden fixiert wird. Die Messung beginnt mit Start der Aufzeichnung und endet mit der Fixierung. Im Anschluss an das Eyetracking-Experiment wurden kurze qualitative Interviews geführt, um die subjektiven Entscheidungslogiken und die finale Produktentscheidung der Teilnehmenden festzuhalten. Der quantitative Fragebogen umfasste die folgenden Aspekte: Wichtigkeit folgender Attribute am ausgewählten Produkt: Preis, Marke, Einsatzzweck (für eine Pflanzensorte), Größe der Verpackungseinheit (Volumen), Bio, für den ökologischen Landbau geeignet, Recycling-Verpackung, zertifizierte Produktqualität, Torffreiheit, Gestaltung der Verpackung, Nebenbestandteile (z.B. Stickstoff, Phosphor, etc.), Ausgangsstoffe der Substrate (z.B. Kompost), Hinweise zur Verwendung); Wahrnehmung der vorgenannten Attribute am ausgewählten Produkt; Beurteilung (Wahrnehmung) der vorgenannten Attribute am ausgewählten Produkt, Gesamtbeurteilung des ausgewählten Produkts insgesamt hinsichtlich empfundener Qualität, Preis, Vertrauenswürdigkeit und Nachhaltigkeit; Involvement-Batterie (Auswahl an Arten und Marken von Substraten auf dem Markt völlig egal vs. sehr wichtig, verschiedene Arten und Marken von erhältlichen Substraten sind sich alle gleich vs. unterschiedlich, die richtige Wahl beim Substrat zu treffen ist überhaupt nicht wichtig vs. extrem wichtig); gärtnerische Informationen: Jahre der gärtnerischen Erfahrung; gärtnerische Umgebung (zuhause auf dem Balkon/ der Terrasse, zuhause im Garten, in einer Kleingartenanlage, in einer Urban Gardening-Initiative, ich gärtnere nicht); persönlich wichtigster Aspekt beim Gärtnern (Umweltschutzbeitrag leisten, sozialer Kontakt und Austausch mit anderen, Anbau von eigenen Lebensmitteln, schöne Gestaltung der Umgebung z.B. durch Blumen). Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; höchster beruflicher Bildungsabschluss; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen (gruppiert). Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Raw-ID; Source (Datenquelle); Zeit; Interview ID; Erhebungsdatum; Involvement-Index; Substratwahl; Umkodierung der empfundenen Qualität, Umkodierung Empfindung angemessener Preis, Umkodierung von empfundenem Vertrauen, Umkodierung der empfundenen Nachhaltigkeit; Index der Gesamtbeurteilung des gewählten Produktes