Kansas State University Salina Aerospace and Technology Campus
K-State Research ExchangeNot a member yet
43997 research outputs found
Sort by
Changes in cecal environment and forage intake of horses fed increasing amounts of starch
Get PDFA limited body of research suggests the upper limit of small intestinal starch digestion is 2 to 4 g/kg BW starch/meal; however, the effect of increasing levels of starch on the cecal environment remains relatively unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of titrating levels of corn starch on the cecal environment and voluntary forage dry matter intake (VFDMI). Six cecally cannulated Quarter horses (8 to 13 yr; 524 ± 65.5 kg BW) were used in a dose titration style design. On d -14, horses were provided ad libitum Smooth Bromegrass hay and a ration balancer (0.0125% BW 4 times/d). On d 0, cecal digesta samples were collected for baseline measurements. On d 1, pelleted corn (69.4% starch) was offered at 0.5 g starch/kg BW/meal. Cecal sampling protocol was repeated on d 7 and every 7 d thereafter. Every 8 d thereafter, corn was increased to provide an additional 0.5 g starch/kg BW/meal until horses were offered 3.5 g starch/kg BW/meal. Feed refusals were recorded on d 6 and 7 of each treatment period. Cecal digesta was analyzed for pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with fixed effect of treatment and random effect of horse. As starch consumption increased VFDMI decreased (P ≤ 0.0001), similar to what has been previously described in ruminants. Effect of treatment was observed (P ≤ 0.032) with pH being lowest and VFA greatest when feeding 2.0 g/kg BW/meal. Starch consumption ≥ 2.0 g/kg BW/meal may lead to shifts in microbial communities and impaired fermentative activity, as characterized by decreased total VFA. Prior to popular belief, cecal acidosis was not observed for horses consuming ≥2.0 g starch
Identifying Beetle Species Using Machine Learning
Get PDFMachine learning Artificial Intelligence (AI) hold the potential to benefit farmers and the environment. Computer models can identify lady beetles in images, and, with more training, possibly determine their presence in crop fields. As predators, lady beetles could be a strong indicator of aphid infestations. Using this information and Al technology, farmers could simultaneously reduce costs and environmental damage by having the ability to identify an infested area and focus pesticide applications on a specified section rather than on an entire field,. Before we reach this point, we must determine whether Al or human identification is more reliable and efficient
K-State First Co-Curricular Guide 2019
No full textCitation: K-State First (2019). K-State First Co-Curricular Guide 2019. Manhattan, Kansas: K-State First.Co-curricular events have a huge impact on student learning and community building. Students often note that they remember these out of the classroom experiences as the time when they were most able to bond with their peers and connect what they were learning inside the classroom to their lives.
This document provides general guidelines, information about funding, and event ideas for K-State First instructors
Characterization and numerical simulation of liquid refrigerant R-134a flow emerging from a flooded evaporator tube bundle
Get PDFCitation: Asher, W. E., & Eckels, S. J. (2019). Characterization and numerical simulation of liquid refrigerant R-134a flow emerging from a flooded evaporator tube bundle. International Journal of Refrigeration, 107, 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.07.001The distribution of liquid droplets emerging from an evaporator tube bundle is characterized for refrigerant R-134a with a triangular tube arrangement with a pitch of 1.167. The purpose of this research was to improve understanding of the droplet ejection process to aid in design of evaporators typically used in larger chiller systems. A laser and camera system captured images of the evaporator headspace at varying conditions. Conventional shadowgraphy techniques were applied to recognize and match droplets for velocity calculations. The evaporator conditions varied with bundle mass fluxes of 20.3 and 40.7 kg s−1m−2, top-rows heat fluxes of 15.8 and 31.5 kWm−2, and outlet saturation temperatures of 4.4 and 12.8 °C. Conditions ranged from flooded to dryout of the top rows. Droplet number, size distribution, velocity, and liquid volume fraction are presented in the headspace above the bundle. A method to numerically duplicate the droplet loading in the headspace using CFD with a Lagrangian discrete-phase model is also presented and verified, providing a powerful design tool. Liquid distribution in the headspace is found to be a strong function of all varied properties, particularly mass flux, liquid level, and saturation temperature
Multi-objective heat transfer optimization of 2D helical micro-fins using NSGA-II
Get PDFCitation: Mann, G. W., & Eckels, S. (2019). Multi-objective heat transfer optimization of 2D helical micro-fins using NSGA-II. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 132, 1250–1261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.12.078A numerical simulation of helical micro-fins is implemented in ANSYS Fluent 15. The model is scripted to automatically set up and execute given three input parameters: fin height, helix angle, and number of starts. The simulation results reasonably predict experimental pressure drop and heat transfer for multiple micro-fin geometries. A multi-objective parameter optimization is implemented based on the NSGA-II algorithm to estimate the optimal trade-off (Pareto front) between Nusselt number and friction factor of a micro-fin tube for 0.0006 < e/D < 0.045, 10 < Ns < 70, at Reynolds number of 49,013. The resulting Pareto front is analyzed and compared with several experimental data points. From the optimal results, a distinct difference in flow characteristics was identified between geometries above and below a helix angle of approximately 45°. How the Pareto front can be used to choose micro-fin geometries for different performance evaluation criterion scenarios is demonstrated. Optimal results from various existing correlations are also compared to the optimization results
Strong-field-induced bond rearrangement in triatomic molecules
Get PDFA comparative study of bond rearrangement is reported for the double ionization of three triatomic molecules: carbon dioxide, carbonyl sulfide, and water (D2O). Specifically, we study the formation of the molecular cation AC+ from the edge atoms of a triatomic molecular dication ABC2+ following double ionization by intense, short (23 fs, 790 nm) laser pulses. The comparison is made using the double ionization branching ratio of each molecule, thereby minimizing differences due to differing ionization rates. The rearrangement branching ratio is highest for water, which has a bent initial geometry, while CO2 and OCS are linear molecules. The angular distribution of O2+ fragments arising from CO2 is essentially isotropic, while SO+ from OCS and D+2 from D2O are aligned with the laser polarization. In the CO2 and D2O cases, the angular distributions of the bond rearrangement channels are different from the angular distributions of the dominant dissociative double ionization channels CO++O+ and OD++D+. Only the angular distribution of SO+ from OCS is both aligned with the laser polarization and similar to the angular distribution of the largest dissociative channel, CO++S+. The mixed behavior observed from the angular distributions of the different molecules stands in contrast to the relative consistency of the magnitude of the bond rearrangement branching ratio
Self referencing attosecond interferometer with zeptosecond precision
Get PDFIn this work we demonstrate the generation of two intense, ultrafast laser pulses that allow a controlled interferometric measurement of higher harmonic generation pulses with 12.8 attoseconds in resolution (half the atomic unit of time) and a precision as low as 680 zeptoseconds (10−21 seconds). We create two replicas of a driving femtosecond pulse which share the same optical path except at the focus where they converge to two foci. An attosecond pulse train emerges from each focus through the process of high harmonic generation. The two attosecond pulse trains from each focus interfere in the far field producing a clear interference pattern in the extreme ultraviolet region. By controlling the relative optical phase (carrier envelope phase for pulsed fields) between the two driving laser pulses we are able to actively influence the delay between the pulses and are able to perform very stable and precise pump-probe experiments. Because of the phase shaping operation occurs homogeneously across the entire spatial profile, we effectively create two indistinguishable intense laser pulses or a common path interferometer for attosecond pulses. Commonality across the two beams means that they are extremely stable to environmental and mechanical fluctuations up to a Rayleigh range from the focus. In our opinion this represents an ideal source for homodyne and heterodyne spectroscopic measurements with sub-attosecond precision
Allelopathic Potential Of Wheat, Rye, And Radish On Crop And Weed Seed Germination
Get PDFAnita DilleHerbicide-resistant weeds have become a growing concern, increasing the need for alternative weed control methods. Natural chemical defense mechanisms in plants can inhibit the germination and growth of other surrounding plants to reduce competition, known as allelopathy. The objective of this study was to consider the allelopathic potential of hard red winter wheat, rye, and tillage radish varieties on grain sorghum, giant foxtail, and Palmer amaranth seeds. Crop treatments were eight wheat, three rye, and one radish planted and grown for eight weeks in a greenhouse. After harvesting and drying the plant biomass, 2.5% extracts were produced by soaking 2.5 g plant biomass in 100 ml water. Extracts were placed in Petri dishes with the seeds as well as a water-only control. Petri dishes were sealed, placed in a growth chamber and seed germination recorded every 48 hours. Three runs were completed with four replications of each treatment in each run. Sorghum germination was largely unaffected by the crop treatments, while the weed seeds responded to the crop treatments. Aroostook rye, Grainfield wheat, and Zenda wheat treatments resulted in significantly less germination of giant foxtail than the control in all three runs, while Everest and Duster wheats reduced germination in two of three runs. Grainfield wheat also resulted in significantly less germination of Palmer amaranth than the control in all three runs, while Zenda wheat and Aroostook rye did so in two out of three runs. These results suggest that dry plant residues of Grainfield and Zenda wheat varieties and Aroostook rye could inhibit the germination of both Palmer amaranth and giant foxtail seeds. The next step would be to evaluate their potential to reduce weed seed germination and seedling emergence when these crops are planted in the field as an alternative weed control method
The Concept of Digital Citizenship in the Schools of Saudi Arabia
No full textThis research seeks to know the spread of the concept of digital citizenship among school students in Saudi Arabia. Literary reviews have shown the importance of the concept of digital citizenship among members of society as a whole, and the youth in particular. The exploratory study carried out by the researcher among high school students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has also revealed the importance of digital citizenship. It was found that 81.3% of the participants in the survey did not know the concept of digital citizenship (Al-Fawaz, 2018). Therefore, the researcher has prepared many programs and activities to spread the concept of digital citizenship between students and the school community. A special training kit has been developed to train teachers and supervisors so that they can transfer the principles and elements of digital citizenship to the school community. A web site explaining the concept of digital citizenship was also designed by the researcher. In addition, special programs and activities for students will be implemented during the academic year in coordination with the centers of activity in the education departments. A proposal will be made to the Ministry of Education to include lessons on digital citizenship in the computer curriculum or secondary life skills curriculum. To measure the impact of these activities and programs on the spread of the concept of digital citizenship, a descriptive study will be conducted on secondary students and the data will be collected and analyzed statistically. It is important to know the strengths of activities and programs and to develop them. This researcher will investigate that the impact of these programs and activities will be positive on the target audience and thus increase awareness of the importance of digital citizenship
I am me: using buoyant biopsychosocial art education curriculum and storyboards to explore self-esteem with sixth grade students
Get PDFDoctor of PhilosophyCurriculum and Instruction ProgramsDebbie K. MercerSchools must adapt to the needs of the 21st century learner. Relevant, meaningful curriculum with important implications toward students’ needs and cultures through their biographies, psychologies, and sociologies brings value to the learner, school, and society. This instrumental, single case study sought to explore how a specific curriculum developed for this study–I Am Me: THOUGHTS of Buoyancy–could teach an understanding of self-esteem to sixth-graders that would then be potentially exhibited in art making and reflection. While the curriculum unit developed for this study had six art projects and eight lesson plans, the I Am Me Storyboard art project was the central focus of data analysis. Buoyancy was used as a metaphor to assist in teaching the meaning of self-esteem. Instrumental case study was implemented by the examination of the case for larger implications in 21st century art education. By investigating the development of an intercultural classroom through art activities and art making and by using the art curriculum for social emotional learning, the curriculum was analyzed for its usefulness in providing meaningful learning above and beyond art content within middle school art classes.
Arts Based Research (Leavy, 2018) was the theoretical framework for the study, building on the work of Eisner (2002) and Dewey (1934). The study was a meta-synthesis of art education curriculum, storytelling, and biopsychosocial education with a pedagogical focus on Culturally Responsive Teaching (Gay, 2018) and Biography Driven Instruction (Herrera, 2016). This study built upon the research of early adolescent self-esteem by DuBois, Felner, Brand, Phillips, and Lease (1996), which categorized evidence of self-esteem into the five categories of family, friends, activities, body image, and school. The acronym “EASEA” was developed during this study to represent Early Adolescent Self-esteem Analysis, encompassing these five categories of self-esteem. The intent of the student artists–the participants–was analyzed using visual, verbal, and “vervisual” examination. The term vervisual was developed for this study to represent a third zone of communication in which visual and verbal communication are used in tandem to inform meaning.
A variety of data sources were used including field notes, interviews, information provided by students’ parents or guardians, and five different artistic phases of the storyboard that included the art making and a written or verbal artist statement for each phase. Findings of the study revealed that students told recognizable visual and verbal stories depicting components of self-esteem in a variety of ways. Students told stories in implicit or explicit ways that sometimes needed both the visual artifact and the verbal statement to be fully understood. Students felt empowered by having control over how much of their story they chose to tell. Through their art making and written or verbal artist statements, many students chose to share joyous aspects of their lives reflecting things they loved, that brought them laughter, or that represented their lives (Herrera, 2016). Students shared biopsychosocial aspects of their lives and their social emotional needs were addressed through the planned curriculum or given an opportunity to be explored.
By choice, some students shared difficult aspects of their personal lives. Data revealed that all ten trauma reflecting communications were first completed as drawings in the geometric design phase where students drew a symbol representing their past, present, and future. Findings revealed that after students first drew an image, they then felt freer to write a written description of what they had drawn. Another unique finding of the study was that the various components of students’ storyboards depicted a visual rhythm or movement that cohesively and aesthetically conveyed a vervisual language, unique to each student. The study was also particularly revealing with newcomer (refugee) students and recent immigrants, giving them a platform to share their experiences prior to going to school in the United States and expressing the importance of their culture. The findings indicate that curriculum such as I Am Me: THOUGHTS of Buoyancy has a place in art education, that university pre-service art education programs should investigate the inclusion of social emotional learning courses for students majoring in art education, and that art educators should work with school counselors in developing art curriculum that addresses character traits and other issues of concern with middle school students