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Replacing soybean meal with dried distillers grains and corn gluten feed in meat goats
Get PDFIn recent years, there has been a higher demand for goat products, specifically goat meat, in the U.S. This has caused the number of goats to nearly double in the past few decades. However, there is very little information on which diets are most economical to grow goats with. In this study, we tested if corn gluten feed (CGF) diet could be a more economically effective way to grow goats than soybean meal (SBM) and dried distillers grains soluble (DDGS). 75 meat Boer-type goats, (26.9±0.2 kg and approximately 70 days of age) were randomly assigned to treatments, with 15 goats per treatment, 3 goats per pen, and the pen as the experimental unit. The 5 treatments were: 1) 100% soybean mean, 2) 100% DDGS, 3) 66.7% DDGS/33.3% CGF, 4) 33.3% DDGS/66.7% CGF, and 5) 100% CGF. All of the diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Throughout the course of the 35 d study, we measured BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F ratio. We detected no linear effect between these measured values for the different treatments for a linear trend (P>0.05); however, there was a trend for the ADG to decrease when levels of CGF increased (P=0.723). Economics were then evaluated, and we calculated the cost per kilogram of feed, the cost of feeding one goat, and the cost for one kilogram of gain. Diets including CGF reduced the cost of one kg of feed by $0.04. With this lower cost of feed, goats with CGF diets cost less to feed than goats on SBM (P=0.008). However, there were no other detected differences in feed cost, whether for kg of feed or for kg of gain. We concluded that that diets with corn co-products can be an economically efficient replacement for SBM diets in growing goats
Evaluating dried distillers grains with solubles or corn gluten feed as a replacement for soybean meal in Boer-type goat grower rations
Get PDFThe Boer goat population in the United States has been increasing rapidly within the last decade, but there is little published research regarding the nutrition of this specie. Our research objective is to provide a better understanding of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) or corn gluten feed (CGF) as a replacement for soybean meal (SBM) in Boer-type goat grower rations. Dried distillers grains with solubles and CGF are an inexpensive protein source relative to SBM and highly available. The research focuses on 5 dietary treatments. Treatments were isocaloric and isonitrogenous, but varied in protein source: 1) SBM; 2) 100% DDGS/0% CGF; 3) 66% DDGS/33% CGF; 4) 33% DDGS/66% CGF; 5) 0% DDGS/100% CGF. Seventy-Five Boer-type goats that weighed 26.9 ± .2 kg, were allotted to pens in a completely randomized design and fed for 35 days. Pen was the experimental unit, with 3 goats per pen and 5 pens per treatment. Goats and feeders were weighed weekly to evaluate ADG, ADFI, G:F, cost per kg of diet, and cost per kg of gain. Data was then analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with an alpha value of 0.05. There was no evidence (P>0.05) among the varying diets that impacted BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F. However, there was evidence that the corn co-product feed was the less expensive (P=.001) feed cost per goat. There was no evidence (P=.94) that cost per kg of gain was less for goats fed the corn co-products. Therefore, producers can conclude there is not significant difference in growth performance in goats fed SBM, CGF, or DDGS as their protein source and can make their ration decision based on economics
The effect of feeding medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) on nursery pig growth in an attempt to replace ZnO or carbadox
No full textDue to high demands from consumers to limit antimicrobial usage in nursery pig diets, pork producers are seeking antimicrobial replacements that improve growth performance. Literature suggests a possible replacement to dietary antimicrobials could be medium chain fatty acids (MCFA). However, only limited data about the efficacy of MCFA exists and very few studies compare MCFA to other antimicrobials like ZnO or carbadox. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding MCFA, ZnO and carbadox on weanling growth performance. A total of 360 weanling pigs (DNA 200×400;5.4±0.06 kg;) were used in a 35-d experiment with 6 pigs/pen and 10 pens/treatment. There were 6 treatments: 1) negative control; 2) ZnO (3,000 ppm in phase 1 and 1,500 ppm in phase 2); 3) carbadox (50 g/ton); 4) 1% C6:C8:C10 (MCFA blend); 5) 1% R2 (Feed Energy, City, IA); 6) 1% FORMI GML (ADDCON; Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany). Pens were allotted to treatments in a completely randomized design. Pig and feeder weights were collected weekly. Data was analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX (SAS version 9.4; Cary NC). Treatment diets were fed in two phases from weaning to d 19 of the experiment. A common phase 3 diet was fed from d 20 to 35. During the first phase, pigs fed ZnO or carbadox had improved (P< 0.05) ADG compared to control or R2 diets. For pigs fed ZnO compared to pigs fed the negative control ADFI was improved (P <0.05) with little impact on G:F (P <0.078). It can be concluded that ZnO and carbadox improved weanling growth and feed intake while MCFA were variable in performance. Therefore, further research on the feasibility of feeding MCFA in place of ZnO or other antimicrobials is needed
Annual Wheat Newsletter. Volume 65
Get PDFThe Annual Wheat Newsletter is edited by W.J. Raupp and published by the Wheat Genetic and Genomic Resources Center at Kansas State University. The scope of the Newsletter includes current project activities, cultivar releases, special reports, and publications of wheat researchers worldwide. The Newsletter annually has over 100 contributors from more than 30 countries
Rago, Kingman County
No full textEthan Levin, “Rago, Kingman County,” Chapman Center Research Collections, https://ccrsresearchcollections.omeka.net/items/show/209.Rago, KS is the home of aviation pioneer, Clyde Cessna. Though the home of someone who was so important to the history of air travel, the town now sits in a state of dilapidation and decay. This essay discusses the history of Rago, and the events that led it to where it is today
Oil-water flow regimes in 4-mm borosilicate glass and fluorinated ethylene propylene channels: Effects of wall wettability
Get PDFCitation: Oil-water flow regimes in 4-mm borosilicate glass and fluorinated ethylene propylene channels: Effects of wall wettability - ScienceDirect. (n.d.). Retrieved February 12, 2019, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920410518309070?via%3DihubFormation water, found in oil deposits, is highly corrosive. By utilizing flow phenomena and surface tension forces in smaller channels (e.g., Eötvös number less than one), these fluids can be separated, thus altering corrosion and the pressure required for transport. This research investigates the effects of wall wettability on oil-water flow regimes and pressure drops. Oil-water flows were studied in 3.5-mm hydrophilic borosilicate glass and 4.0-mm hydrophobic fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) channels using Parol 100 mineral oil (i.e., density of 840 kg/m3 and viscosity of 0.0208 Pa s) and tap water (i.e., 997 kg/m3 and a viscosity of 0.001 Pa s). For these oil-water combinations, glass was water wetting (i.e., contact angle of 67° for a water droplet submerged in oil on glass) and FEP was water repelling (i.e., contact angle of 93° for a water droplet submerged in oil on FEP) under static conditions. Flow regimes and pressure drops were recorded for a range of oil superficial velocities [i.e., 0.31–3.7 m/s (glass) and 0.23–2.7 m/s (FEP)] and water superficial velocities [i.e., 0.080m/s–5.5 m/s (glass) and 0.060–5.5 m/s (FEP)]. Stratified, intermittent, annular, and dispersed flow regimes were observed in both tubes. Additional inverted and dual flow regimes were observed in the hydrophobic FEP; oil wetted the wall in inverted flows, and flow regimes occurred inside of another flow regime in dual flows (e.g., inverted-annular intermittent). The modified Weber number indicated whether the walls were wetted by oil, mixed oil and water, or water. Pressure drops were found to be correlated to the flow regime with increased pressure drops observed when oil fully or partially wetted the wall
Quantum Control of Photoelectron Circular Dichroism
No full textWe demonstrate coherent control over the photoelectron circular dichroism in randomly oriented chiral molecules, based on quantum interference between multiple photoionization pathways. To significantly enhance the chiral signature, we use a finite manifold of indistinguishable (1+1′) resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization pathways interfering at a common photoelectron energy but probing different intermediate states. We show that this coherent control mechanism maximizes the number of molecular states that constructively contribute to the dichroism at an optimal photoelectron energy and thus outperforms other schemes, including interference between opposite-parity pathways driven by bichromatic (ω, 2ω) fields as well as sequential pump-probe ionization
xcalib: a focal spot calibrator for intense X-ray free-electron laser pulses based on the charge state distributions of light atoms
Get PDFThe xcalib toolkit has been developed to calibrate the spatial fluence distribution at the focal spot of an intense X-ray free-electron laser beam. The method is based on an automated optimization procedure that compares experimental charge state distributions with first-principles calculations
Detecting coherent core-hole wave-packet dynamics in N2 by time- and angle-resolved inner-shell photoelectron spectroscopy
Get PDFWe propose an imaging technique to follow core-hole wave-packet oscillations in the nitrogen molecule. In this scheme, an attosecond x-ray pulse core-ionizes the nitrogen molecule and a subsequent attosecond x-ray pulse probes the evolution of the electron dynamics. We can image the oscillation of the core-hole between the two atomic sites by measuring the angular correlation between photoelectrons. Analytical relations for the angular correlation are derived based on the plane-wave approximation for the photoelectron wave function. We validate these results with a scattering calculation for the photoelectron wave function. The feasibility of the experimental realization of this scheme is discussed in light of current and future capabilities of x-ray free-electron lasers
To See the World Through the Eyes of Another
Get PDFAmanda SingletonBefore studying abroad, the world seemed monstrously unattainable. Traveling was something I had dreamed of doing, but it was so expensive and seemingly far away that I thought the places I had only read about would remain in stories and history. As a lover of people, their pasts, and their cultures, when the opportunity came to pursue a semester abroad, I jumped at the chance. I grew up watching BBC television shows, religiously listening to the Beatles, and being fascinated by the English accent (something I have since come to understand is not a singular, unvarying phenomena). It seemed like a given that England was where I was headed. London itself beckoned for so many reasons, one being that it was the setting of so many stories, shows, and movies I love. Secondly, I simply love big cities. Something about the juxtaposition of old versus new, coupled with the historicity that is so vibrantly present in places where people are constantly moving and making decisions has resulted in me feeling anomalously at home in places like New York, Chicago, San Francisco, etc