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Conferring Higher Prebiotic Fiber Content to Kansas Wheat Lines
No full textSince the parent translocation lines are homozygous for the barley arm, the first cross will be heterozygous. This heterozygous line will be used to introduce the barley arm to the elite wheat lines in the first backcross. BC1 Hypothesis: The progeny of BC1 will segregate at a l:1 ratio. Half will carry the translocated arm and the other half will not. GISH Hypothesis: All parent lines will be homozygous for the 7H translocation
Additionality from Payments for Environmental Services with Technology Diffusion
Get PDFBecause payments for environmental services (PES) often subsidize practices that offer latent private benefits, there are concerns that PES programs may provide little additional environmental benefits. Previous literature has framed the problem of non-additionality as an adverse selection problem. We develop a model where moral hazard can also arise because some agents delay adoption due to the incentive of potentially receiving a payment in the future. Moral hazard arises when agents have expectations of potential future subsidies, the technology naturally diffuses without a policy, and a subsidy is only available if the agent has not previously adopted the technology. We develop a conceptual model to illustrate the moral hazard incentive and conduct numerical simulations to understand the impact of policy parameters on aggregate outcomes. Numerical simulations illustrate that moral hazard creates a non-monotonic relationship between policy parameters—such as the subsidy and budget levels—and the net change in adoption induced by the program because some agents delay adoption. We also find that the cost-effectiveness of the policy is smaller when the policy is introduced during periods of rapid technology adoption
Land Market Valuation of Groundwater
Get PDFWe estimate irrigation premiums and implicit marginal valuations of water in-storage using parcel-level transaction data for land sales in the Kansas portion of the High Plains Aquifer. We find that agricultural land values are 53% higher for irrigated parcels than non-irrigated parcels on average and that the irrigation premium has increased at an average rate of 1.0 percentage points per year over the sample period (1988–2015). Spatial heterogeneity in irrigation premiums is explained by differences in saturated thickness of the aquifer. Water in-storage is capitalized into land prices at average marginal values ranging from 15.86/acre-ft
Bond rearrangement during Coulomb explosion of water molecules
Get PDFBond rearrangement, namely the dissociation of water ions into H2++O(q−1)+ (q=1–4) following fast ion-impact ionization, unexpectedly occurs following multiple ionization of water in spite of the presumably fast “Coulomb explosion” of the transient molecular ion. Furthermore, the branching ratio of bond rearrangement is found to be nearly equal for each level of ionization, q. In addition, formation of H2+ is more than twice as likely to occur from the lighter water isotopologue H2O+ than D2+ from D2O+. These findings are consistent with the ground state dissociation mechanism in which a fast projection of the ground state nuclear wave function onto the vibrational continuum of the cation potential energy surface is sometimes followed by H2+ formation
Symmetry breaking in the body-fixed electron emission pattern due to electron-retroaction in the photodissociation of H+2 and D+2 close to threshold
Get PDFWe present an experimental investigation of symmetry breaking of H2 and D2 molecules after single photoionization due to the Coulomb field of the emitted slow electron interacting with the parent cation during dissociation. The experiments were carried out by measuring the three-dimensional momentum vectors of the photoelectron and recoiling ion in coincidence using a reaction microscope. For photon energies close to threshold, the low-energy photoelectron influences the dissociation process, which results in an asymmetric molecular frame photoelectron angular distribution. This can be explained by the retroaction of the Coulomb field of the photoelectron on its parent ion and has been recently experimentally demonstrated by M. Waitz et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 043001 (2016)], confirming theoretical predictions by V. V. Serov and A. S. Kheifets [Phys. Rev. A 89, 031402(R) (2014)]. High-momentum resolution and a new series of photon energies just above the dissociation threshold enable the observation of a strong influence of the electron energy and nuclear kinetic energy on the electron localization process for energies below ∼100 meV, which so far has neither been observed nor discussed by theory. Exploring the limitations of the retroaction mechanism at our lowest photon energy, we are able to single out a sensitive testbed and present data of non-Born-Oppenheimer dynamics of the simplest molecular system for future benchmark computational treatments
Essays on consumer welfare and new food product development in West Africa
Get PDFDoctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Agricultural EconomicsTimothy J. DaltonEconomic indicators (price, income, taste, and preference) and non-economic (information, time and equipment, food quality and safety) indicators are key elements of the food environment that need further investigation in developing countries. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of these factors on consumer behavior in West Africa, especially in Niger and Burkina Faso.
The first essay analyzes the implications of world cereal price shocks on rural household welfare in Burkina Faso by establishing a link between farmers and world markets. The approach is grounded in agricultural household modelling with the world price for cereals, transmitted to farmers, through local producer and consumer prices. Household net welfare after a price shock is derived as a function of behavioral responses to local price change induced by the international price shock. The main result of this analysis is that the increase in prices during the period from 2006 to 2014 is translated to welfare improvement ranging from 0.02 percent for 2006 to 0.06 percent for 2011 for farmers in Burkina Faso.
The second essay assesses urban consumers' preference for food quality attributes of value-added cereal products in Niamey, Niger. It combines qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate the effect of quality attributes on consumers' food choice. A particular focus is placed on assessing consumers' marginal willingness-to-pay (WTP) for quality attributes in an experimental setting. The evaluation accounted for taste and preference heterogeneity inherent to consumers’ responses to changes in quality attributes. The results suggest market demand inferred from significant marginal WTP for the nutritional quality attribute as measured by the expiration date, the presence of micronutrients, and the country of origin of the product. In addition, demand is found to be highly heterogeneous across consumers socio-demographic and economic characteristics. As a result, better communication and appropriate targeting by food processors and policymakers could be an additional tool to enhance food quality and diet through the market.
Finally, the third essay theoretically and empirically assesses the impact of a time-saving food attribute on consumer’s food choice in urban areas of Niger. The theoretical assessment relied on a ``Beckerian’’ time allocation model to derive how a time-saving food product affects consumers' utility and food choice. The empirical approach combines hedonic tasting, random utility and a latent class framework to identify taste heterogeneity patterns underlying consumers' choice. Both the hedonic and latent class models confirm the theoretical prediction that a time-saving characteristic can either increase or decrease the demand for food that embodies the attributes. A significant market segment of about 38% includes consumers with a positive valuation of the time-saving product, highlighting the potential of this attribute to increase consumers welfare, reduce energy use and prevent food preparation-related health issues
Proactivity in the workplace: the role of flow in the relationship between proactivity and subjective well-being
Get PDFDoctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Psychological SciencesClive J. A. FullagarIn the constantly changing world of work, employees are expected to be proactive by taking initiative and being self-starting, future focused, and change oriented. Consequently, research around proactivity has grown exponentially over the last two decades. However, the relationship with employee well-being has been widely neglected. This research addressed this gap by investigating the dynamics between employee proactivity and subjective well-being, while taking work-related flow into account. With the use of a diary method, this study provided support that proactivity is not necessarily a burden on psychological well-being. Instead, proactivity in its dispositional and behavioral form of task crafting, was found to have a direct impact on optimal work experiences and well-being outcomes such as subjective vitality and positive affect. Acknowledging the complexity of the relationships, this study also tested mediated and moderated paths and provided several theoretical and practical contributions
Connecting Supply Chain Through Sustainability: Initiating a Multi-Disciplinary, Multi-Industry Approach Using the Case of Beef Cattle
Get PDFDisciplinary perspectives of supply chains are influenced by the “silo” nature of academia. For
example, educators typically train students about appropriate supply chain management starting
with the manufacturer of products used in their particular industry, as opposed to investigating the
entire supply chain from raw material producer to finished consumer product through disposal or
recycling. When educating sustainability, understanding the extent and interrelated nature
of the entire supply chain is essential. Without foundational knowledge and systems thinking,
students may not understand the impact of business decisions on sustainability, and motivation to
make sustainable choices may be lacking. This project aims to develop a Collaborative Grant Type
2 to infuse sustainability education into a variety of baccalaureate programs (e.g., animal sciences,
hospitality and textile programs) using the study of beef cattle. Beef cattle present complex issues
that involve a global view of the challenge to feed, clothe and fuel 9.6 billion people by the year 2050
while conserving finite resources
Food Dessert No More, They’re Getting a Grocery Store: Plains Grocery Store Initiative
Get PDFSandy ProcterPlains, a small town in western Kansas, has started working towards building a grocery store after years of being a food desert. They reached out to the K-state extension office for assistance in adding a nutrition component to the store. The project began with a broad focus of providing nutritional information for individuals with altered needs, and over the years it was focused into creating information for an in-store kiosk. The kiosk will contain articles, product considerations, and healthy recipes. The kiosk will also ideally have an online component so customers can easily access the information when away from the kiosk. The information contained on the kiosk will hopefully provide customers guidance on how to make healthy dietary choices applicable to them and their needs
Every picture tells a story: a directive content analysis of the investment model on Instagram posts for new romantic relationships
Get PDFDoctor of PhilosophySchool of Family Studies and Human ServicesAmber VennumInstagram has become a popular social media site for individuals to post pictures and communicate about their lives to others, including their romantic relationships. These posts may be used to communicate the development of their relationship to their partner, close friends, and family, and thus, may also influence their relationship. Guided by the investment model (Rusbult, 1980), Instagram posts from 18 individuals in a new romantic relationship were coded using directive content analysis over the course of six months to determine how Instagram posts may reflect peoples’ relationship investment, satisfaction, and view of alternatives to their current relationship. Results indicate that relationship investment and satisfaction are represented in a number of ways on Instagram while posts showing views of alternatives were rare. Other posts made included pictures of self, pictures of friends/family, documentation of life events, outside internet content, and animal pictures. This indicates that Instagram behavior may provide insight into relationship investment and relational outcomes, however, there were few relationship costs or view of alternatives present in Instagram posts indicating that Instagram presentation may be overly idealistic and not fully represent the investment model. Future Instagram research could benefit from archiving posts in real time, analyzing other Instagram behaviors, and asking questions about perceptions and motivations of Instagram behavior