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Economic and growth performance of Boer-type goats when fed corn dried distiller's grains with solubles and corn gluten feed as a substitute for soybean meal
Get PDFGlobal goat population has increased by 34% in the past 10 years; the US population has increased by 211% in the past 15 years (NASS, 2002 and 2017). Thus, there is increased need for economical goat diets; however, there is limited information on the impact of different ingredients on goat growth performance. The objective of this study was to determine the growth and economic incentive for replacing soybean meal with corn dried distiller’s grains with solubles (DDGS) and corn gluten feed (CGF) in Boer-type goats. Seventy-five Boer-type goats (average BW of 26.9kg±0.2, ~70 d of age) were used. Goats were fed five treatments of diets varying in levels of DDGS and CGF replacement for 35 d. Diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous but varied in protein source: 1) 100%SBM, 2) 100%DDGS/0%CGF, 3) 66%DDGS/33%CGF, 4) 33%DDGS/66%CGF, 5) 0%DDGS/100%CGF. Pen was used as the experimental unit; each treatment had 5 pens with 3 randomly-allotted goats/pen in a completely randomized design. Goats and feeders were weighed weekly to determine ADG, ADFI, and F/G. Data were analyzed using GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (v.9.4, Cary, NC), with 0.05 as the accepted alpha. There were no observed effects (P>0.05) of dietary treatment on final BW, ADG, ADFI, or G:F. However, goats fed diets with corn co-products instead of SBM reduced feed cost/goat (P=0.0008) and feed cost/kg of feed by approximately $0.04 for goats fed corn co-products. There was no evidence of feed cost/kg of gain being affected (P>0.05) by diet. These results suggest that based on growth performance and economic incentive, there may be benefit to replacing SBM with DDGS or CGF in Boer-type goat diets
The effects of corn gluten feed and corn dried distillers grains as a replacement for soybean meal on Boer type goat diets
Get PDFNo information regarding the use of corn dried distillers grains (DDGS) or corn gluten feed (CGF) is available in the 2007 Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants (NRC, 2007) This has caused a lack of knowledge about improving the nutritional requirements of the growing goat industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability for CGF and DDGS to economically replace soybean meal (SBM) in Boer-type goat diets without affecting growth performance. This 35 d study included 75 Boer-type goats (26.9 ±0.2 kg) at approximately 70 d of age. Goats and treatments were randomly assigned to pens. There were 25 pens with 3 goats per pen and pen was the experimental unit. There were 5 isocaloric and isonitrogenous treatments for the study: 1) SBM; 2) 100% DDGS/0% CGF; 3) 66% DDGS/33% CGF; 4) 33% DDGS/66% CGF; 5) 0% DDGS/100% CGF. Goats and feeders were weighed weekly to calculate ADG, ADFI, and F:G. The data was analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (Cary, NC, V.4.4). There were no detected differences between treatments according to final BW, ADG, and F:G (P>0.05). Feeding goats a diet consisting of SBM increased (P=0.0008) feed costs/goat by approximately $0.04/kg of feed. This caused feed costs for goats being fed corn co-products to be lower than the feed costs for goats being fed SBM. Feeding a diet of corn co-product also increased (P=0.038) ADFI of the goats by approximately 0.045 kg/d, though there was no detected (P=0.444) difference in ADG. In conclusion, this study supports the use of CGF or DDGS as an economic replacement for SBM in Boer type goat diets
Effects of medium-chain fatty acid diets on nursery pig performance
Get PDFFeed additives like carbadox and Zinc oxide are used in pig production to improve performance and act as antimicrobial agents. However, drawbacks include building antibiotic resistance and environment pollution respectively. It is important to research alternative additives that could replace these compounds and eliminate the drawbacks while still improving performance. A study at the KSU Swine Unit used 360 weanling pigs (DNA 200*400; 5.4±0.2 kg) to analyze the effects of MCFA on nursery pig performance. Treatments included; 1) control 2) ZnO 3,000 ppm in Phase 1 and 1,500 ppm in Phase 2 3) carbadox 50 g/ton 4) 1% Feed Energy R2 (Feed Energy Corp., Des Moines, IA) 5) 1% FORMI GML (ADDCON, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany) 6) 1% C6, C8, C10. The treatments were tested for 35 days using 10 replicates/treatment in a completely randomized design with the pens being the experimental unit and an alpha-value of P<.05. Weekly recordings were collected of pig weights and feed disappearance. Treatment diets were fed from d 0 to 19 with d 20 to 35 being a common phase. During the overall treatment, pigs fed ZnO had improved (P<0.05) ADG and ADFI than those fed the control, MCFA, and R2 diets. Furthermore, pigs fed carbadox had improved (P<0.0001) ADG compared the control and R2 diets. There was no statistical difference between any of the treatments regarding the G:F. Overall (d 0 to 35), the only statistical differences between the treatments were that ZnO had improved (P=0.012) ADG than R2 and that both ZnO and Carbadox improved (P=0.001) ADFI than R2. While diets with carbadox or ZnO had the better overall performance, the results of this study suggest that nursery pigs fed diets with MCFA may have improved growth performance
The effects of distillers dried grains with solubles and corn gluten feed substitutes in growth diets of Boer-type goats
Get PDFThis study was commenced to obtain more knowledge in the growing field of goat production. The objective of the study is to compare goat growth and the economical values of the diets for Boer-type goats. The three types of protein sources that was studied for goat growth were corn gluten feed (CGF), distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and soybean meal (SBM). Over a course of thirty-five days, five treatments were presented to a total of seventy-five Boer-type goats (26.9±0.2 kg, approximately 70 d of age). Goats were randomly allotted to pens with three goats/pen in a completely randomized design, with 5 replicants per treatment. Goats were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with different sources of protein. The five treatments with varying protein sources were: 1) SBM; 2) 100% DDGS/0% CGF; 3) 66% DDGS/33% CGF; 4) 33% DDGS/66% CGF; 5) 0% DDGS/100% CGF. Weights of feeders and goats were recorded to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F once every week for five weeks, with pen as the experimental unit. Data was analyzed with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (v. 9.4, Cary, NC), with the alpha value set at a 0.05. Dietary treatments did not affect (P>0.05) final BW, ADG, ADFI, or G:F. However, any use of a corn co-product as a substitute for SBM resulted in a $0.04/kg of feed savings, making SBM the least cost effective (P = 0.0008) of all the treatments. However, there was no observed impact of diet (P>0.05) on feed cost per kg of gain. As a result, the study suggests that DDGS and CGF can substitute SBM in growing Boer-type goat diets
Higher Ground: Proposals for a New West Side District Resilient to Wildcat Creek Flooding
Get PDFThis book summarizes the work of the 2019 LAR 646 Community Planning and Design Studio at Kansas State University. The studio explored visioning and design ideas for relocating, restoring, and better protecting businesses and residences affected by the 2018 Wildcat Creek flood event. The areas under consideration are in the southwest and southeast quadrants of the Anderson Avenue and Seth Child Road interchange which is one of the busiest intersections in the city. Periodic flooding renders most of the land south of Anderson vulnerable to future flood damage, forcing many local businesses and residents to abandon their properties. The remaining businesses suffer from the adjacent vacancies, and both Plaza West and Garden Way are facing decline without flood resilience intervention. Large expanses of impermeable surface parking, lack of vegetation, imposing power lines and high traffic volumes make the district unfriendly to pedestrians. The adjoining street corridors also lack visual identity and heavy traffic poses hazards to pedestrians and cyclists.
While these conditions challenge existing development, Higher Ground proposes four mixed-use strategies for making the district more resilient: Growing West, KID-hattan, The Compass, and New Corporate Green. The strategies range from maximum preservation of existing natural assets to maximum redevelopment and a new vision for the west side of Manhattan. Concluding the book, a series of “Critical Maps” are presented that informed studio proposals. The studio was supported with funding from the City of Manhattan who provided timely input. Studio activities included site visits, rigorous mapping of various conditions, design development through an iterative process, and a final presentation to the Manhattan Chamber of Commerce and interested stakeholders
Terahertz-Field-Induced Time Shifts in Atomic Photoemission
Get PDFTime delays for atomic photoemission obtained in streaking or reconstruction of attosecond bursts by interference of two-photon transitions experiments originate from a combination of the quantum mechanical Wigner time and the Coulomb-laser coupling. While the former was investigated intensively theoretically as well as experimentally, the latter attracted less interest in experiments and has mostly been subject to calculations. Here, we present a measurement of the Coulomb-laser coupling-induced time shifts in photoionization of neon at 59.4 eV using a terahertz (THz) streaking field (λ=152 μm). Employing a reaction microscope at the THz beamline of the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH), we have measured relative time shifts of up to 70 fs between the emission of 2p photoelectrons (∼38 eV) and low-energetic (<1 eV) photoelectrons. A comparison with theoretical predictions on Coulomb-laser coupling reveals reasonably good agreement
Ultrafast photodissociation dynamics and nonadiabatic coupling between excited electronic states of methanol probed by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy
Get PDFThe electronic and nuclear dynamics in methanol, following 156 nm photoexcitation, are investigated by combining a detailed analysis of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy experiments with electronic structure calculations. The photoexcitation pump pulse is followed by a delayed 260 nm photoionization probe pulse to produce photoelectrons that are analyzed by velocity map imaging. The yields of mass-resolved ions, measured with similar experimental conditions, are found to exhibit the same time-dependence as specific photoelectron spectral features. Energy-resolved signal onset and decay times are extracted from the measured photoelectron spectra to achieve high temporal resolution, beyond the 20 fs pump and probe pulse durations. When combined with ab initio calculations of selected cuts through the excited state potential energy surfaces, this information allows the dynamics of the transient excited molecule, which exhibits multiple nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom, to be tracked on its intrinsic few-femtosecond time scale. Within 15 fs of photoexcitation, we observe nuclear motion on the initially bound photoexcited 21A″ (S2) electronic state, through a conical intersection with the 11A′ (S3) state, which reveals paths to photodissociation following C–O stretch and C–O–H angle opening
Diffractive Imaging of C60 Structural Deformations Induced by Intense Femtosecond Midinfrared Laser Fields
Get PDFTheoretical studies indicated that C60 exposed to linearly polarized intense infrared pulses undergoes periodic cage structural distortions with typical periods around 100 fs (1 fs=10−15 s). Here, we use the laser-driven self-imaging electron diffraction technique, previously developed for atoms and small molecules, to measure laser-induced deformation of C60 in an intense 3.6 μm laser field. A prolate molecular elongation along the laser polarization axis is determined to be (6.1±1.4)% via both angular- and energy-resolved measurements of electrons that are released, driven back, and diffracted from the molecule within the same laser field. The observed deformation is confirmed by density functional theory simulations of nuclear dynamics on time-dependent adiabatic states and indicates a nonadiabatic excitation of the hg(1) prolate-oblate mode. The results demonstrate the applicability of laser-driven electron diffraction methods for studying macromolecular structural dynamics in four dimensions with atomic time and spatial resolutions
An integrative approach to conceptualizing sustainable resilience
Get PDFVulnerability, resilience, and sustainability are three concepts commonly used in assessing the quality of a variety of systems. While each can be applied independently when performing risk analysis, there is growing interest across multiple disciplines in understanding how these concepts can be integrated when considering complex adaptive systems, such as communities. In this paper, we identify issues related to the use of these respective concepts in assessing complex adaptive systems, and describe how these issues may produce imbalanced results and maladaptive outcomes. We identify five critical areas where alignment and integration across concepts can lead to improved system assessment. As a result, we introduce a new paradigm, sustainable resilience, in which these concepts are integrated to enable alignment of adaptation and transformation strategies with desired resilience outcomes. This work provides the foundation for the development of an integrated assessment framework to help guide informed risk-based decisionmaking for sustainable and resilient systems
Six Years of Running a Campus Open Access Publishing Fund. Where are we?
Get PDFHow much can $261,000 buy? Around 170 articles, as it turns out. Kansas State University launched an open access publishing fund in 2013 and it has remained active as of the end of the spring semester, 2019. The publishing fund, in short, is a subvention fund used to support the publishing of open access articles by the institution's researchers. K-State is one of many institutions who have launched such funds in the last 10 or so years. Since launching the fund, 221 requests for funding representing 37 different academic departments from around the institution have been reviewed resulting in 173 articles being published in gold open access, with a few more still in process. This poster will assess the K-State Open Access Publishing Fund since the program’s inception in 2013 by providing an overview of the program, the impact of the articles published using a diverse set of research impact metrics, demographics of awardees, compare the data to broader open access publishing trends, and provide conclusions. The assessment will seek to determine if or how well the publishing fund has met its founding four goals and provide a cost-benefit analysis of the program, attempting to answer what did the program accomplish and how much did it cost to do it