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Word superiority and sentence superiority effects in post-cued letter-in-string identification
No full textInternational audienceWe examined word superiority and sentence superiority effects in post-cued letter identification by embedding target letters in a letter string that was part of a sequence of letter strings separated by spaces. Experiment 1 compared letter identification in words versus random consonant strings (i.e., nonwords), thus involving three conditions: grammatical word (e.g., HE RUNS OVER THERE; the target being the letter V), ungrammatical word (e.g., THERE HE OVER RUNS), and nonwords (e.g., THPRN HJ GVTR LPDKS). Stimuli were displayed for 500 ms and post-masked. Letter-in-word identification was greater in the grammatical than in the ungrammatical word context (a sentence superiority effect, SSE). Moreover, letter-identification accuracy was greater in words than in nonwords (a word superiority effect, WSE). Experiment 2 used pronounceable pseudowords instead of nonwords and replicated the SSE and WSE seen in Experiment 1, with the size of the WSE being substantially reduced relative to Experiment 1. Experiment 3 tested letter identification in words, pseudowords, and nonwords, either in a grammatical or in an ungrammatical context. We again found a significant SSE on letter-identification accuracy combined with the standard pattern of the WSE (word > pseudoword > nonword). Finally, the classic WSE pattern was also found when stimuli were presented in isolation in Experiment 4.</div
Catherine qui fut de Sienne : Ecrits et culte de sainte Catherine en Italie et en France (XIVe-XXIe siècle)
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Digital literacy practices outside language classrooms: insights of adult migrants’ language education
No full textInternational audienceTo explore the role of digital tools in adult migrants’ literacy practices and the strategies they develop in real-life situations, we conducted filmed observations of three migrants who were engaged in digital literacy events outside the language classroom. Digital literacy events are defined as empirical and observable configurations of action, technology, text and discourse (Prinsloo and Baynham 2008) that offer insights into individuals’ digital literacy. To capture the data comprehensively, we employed a multifocal approach using a 360° camera and screen captures. This method documented three distinct events: managing routine interactions, navigating geographic and administrative tasks, and job hunting. The inductive analysis revealed key elements, including interface navigation, transmediation, the extensive use of the Google suite in digital practices, and the crucial role of machine translation in migrants’ literacy development. In conclusion, the findings highlight the importance of acknowledging and fostering migrants’ existing digital practice repertoires while establishing links between these practices and structured learning opportunities
OWNER — Toward Unsupervised Open-World Named Entity Recognition
No full textInternational audienceNamed Entity Recognition (NER) is a crucial task in Natural Language Processing (NLP), traditionally addressed through supervised learning, which requires extensive annotated corpora. This requirement poses challenges, particularly in specialized domains with limited labeled data. In response, the field has shifted towards lower-resource approaches, such as few-shot and zero-shot learning, which reduce the dependency on annotated data. However, even zero-shot models require prior knowledge of entity types, limiting their applicability in exploratory scenarios. In this context, we introduce OWNER, our unsupervised and open-world NER model, designed to operate without annotated documents or predefined entity types. OWNER leverages Encoder-only Language Models like BERT to infer and organize entities into dynamic entity types through a two-step process: mention detection and entity typing. Mention detection employs a BIO sequence labeling approach to locate entities, while entity typing uses BERT-based embeddings, refined through contrastive learning, for clustering and naming entity types. This method allows OWNER to automatically identify and structure unknown entity types, offering advantages for exploratory dataset analysis and knowledge graph construction. Our experimental evaluation on 13 domain-specific datasets demonstrates that OWNER surpasses existing LLM-based open-world NER models and remains competitive with more supervised and closed-world zero-shot models. OWNER’s architecture provides a lightweight, easily deployable solution that advances the state of the art in unsupervised and open-world NER. The source code of OWNER is publicly available at https://github.com/alteca/OWNER, facilitating future research in this domain
Un cycle de conférences sensibilisant aux enjeux de la TEDS dans le cadre d’une UEOS pluridisciplinaire : restitution d’une expérience pédagogique à l’université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne (2024-2025)
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Cartographie et mémoire(s) des conflits : la Seconde Guerre mondiale à Saint-Étienne
No full textInternational audienceWhile war has reappeared at Europe's door, we hear again about a possible worldwide conflict. More than ever, it is necessary to find new, more modern ways to document past conflicts to educate current and especially future generations. Indeed, this is necessary to maintain in memories, acts, events and consequences for local populations. Taking the city of Saint-Étienne during the Second World War as an example, we will show how 3D GIS makes possible to archive and promote this memory to a wide audience using of maps, 3D models, videos… We present several results, thoughts and some tests to link them with specialized tools and virtual reality.Alors que la guerre a refait son apparition aux portes de l’Europe, on reparle non sans frémir d’un possible conflit mondial. Il convient plus que jamais de trouver de nouveaux moyens, plus modernes pour documenter les conflits passés afin d’éduquer les générations actuelles et surtout futures. Il est en effet nécessaire de maintenir, dans les mémoires, les actes, les événements et leurs conséquences sur les populations locales. Prenant la ville de Saint-Étienne pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale comme exemple, nous montrerons comment les SIG 3D permettent d’archiver et de valoriser cette mémoire auprès d’un large public sous la forme de cartes, de maquettes 3D, de vidéos… Nous présentons nos résultats ainsi que les premiers tests que nous avons menés pour les coupler avec les outils spécialisés et la réalité virtuelle
How characters on packaging influence children's choice of a healthy beverage
No full textInternational audienceThe present research explores how the use of characters on the packaging of beverages influences children's consumption choices between healthy and less healthy products. Two controlled experiments with a total of 180 children aged between 5 and 11 years old tested how a packaging with character influenced children's choice between a hedonic (apple juice) and a utilitarian product (water). Packaging displaying a character proves particularly effective to influence children behavior, especially when the character is known by the children. Results show that children preferred water over apple juice when the packaging of the water bottle displayed a character, leading to increased water consumption and, consequently, reduced sugar intake
À l’école des humanistes: Pédagogies de la Renaissance, entre manuscrit et imprimé
No full textInternational audienceCet ouvrage s’intéresse au rôle joué par l’émergence du livre imprimé dans les pratiques pédagogiques à la Renaissance. Il scrute également la persistance de l’écriture manuscrite ou son développement sous de nouvelles formes. Une vingtaine de chercheurs explore ainsi des écrits de maîtres des xve et xvie siècles, des notes de cours ou annotations d’élèves et étudiants. La première partie mène l’enquête à partir des fonds précieux de la Bibliothèque Humaniste de Sélestat et de Beatus Rhenanus. Puis la réflexion s’ouvre à des pédagogues de l’Europe entière, qui se consacrent à l’enseignement des studia humanitatis, mais aussi de l’équitation ou de la danse. Enfin, le propos se concentre sur des professeurs et des élèves d’exception. Le volume s’achève avec une anthologie bilingue d’une dizaine de dialogues pédagogiques. Écrits en latin par Jacques Lefèvre d’Étaples, Mathurin Cordier et Juan Luis Vivès, ils permettent de réfléchir à la place de « l’oral scriptural » dans la pédagogie humaniste
