Portail HAL Lumière Lyon 2
Not a member yet
111406 research outputs found
Sort by
« Le travail émotionnel des hommes en chirurgie : apprendre à incarner progressivement la fonction et régulation émotionnelle par le collectif de travail »
No full textInternational audienceUn peu comme le font les interactionnistes, on étudiera d’une part comment se fait l’apprentissage du fait d’incarner la fonction, d’autre part du comment le « travail émotionnel » vise ici à maintenir et à reproduire la division du travail médical et la légitimité des chefs de service, nécessaire au bon fonctionnement de l’équipe. Pour cela on verra les étapes de la « carrière » chirurgicale en 3 étapes : internat d’abord, avec un rapport à l’urgence pour acquérir les bases de la technique opératoire ; puis clinicat où les assistants-chefs de clinique montent en grade et supervisent les internes à travers le compagnonnage et où il s’agit pour eux d’acquérir les savoir-être du métier ; professorat enfin pour ceux qui sont arrivés au sommet de leur art techniquement, mais qui développent aussi des savoir-faire pédagogiques, relationnels et une solidarité sans faille avec leurs équipes
La contribution naturaliste en ligne. Analyse sociologique et géographique de la base de données Faune France
No full textInternational audienceInventorying biodiversity has recently expanded beyond the relatively closed naturalist community. Thanks to the spread of digital technologies and the generalization of internet use, nature monitoring now concerns directly increasing numbers of people forming a mass who, though mostly strangers to each other, share a similar involvement in naturalistic activities through the internet. This online contribution has been investigated in a field study of ’Faune France’, the most important of all associative databases for faunistic taxa in France. We analysed the first operation year of the database from mid-2017 to end of 2018, and conducted a survey involving 1469 contributing persons. Our results consider both geographic and sociological dimensions. The observation effort was evaluated through investigations into territorial practices and sociodemographic profiling, based on an analysis of Faune France metadata. We conclude that the whole French territory is covered by observation records, but that these involve a diversity of recording practices from expert contributions to more casual engagement. The small community of experts (5%) contributes the most in terms of number and spatial distribution of data. This confirms the sociological profile noted in the survey singling out the role and practices of professionals of the environment in this citizen science. The case-study of Faune France is a first step in a social and geographical exploration of contributions in the wider field of French citizen sciences.L’inventaire de la biodiversité s’est récemment développé au-delà du cercle des naturalistes. Grâce aux technologies numériques et à la généralisation de l’usage d’Internet, la participation au monitoring de la nature touche de plus en plus de monde. Cette contribution est envisagée à travers l’exemple de la base de données Faune France. L’analyse des données de la première année d’existence de Faune France, de mi 2017 à fin 2018, associée à un sondage de 1469 participantes et participants, fait ressortir des enseignements géographiques et sociologiques. L’effort d’observation des contributeurs et contributrices couvre tout le territoire national mais selon des modalités très différentes entre les experts, peu nombreux et très actifs, et les autres participantes et participants. Cela corrobore le rôle et la pratique singulière des professionnelles et professionnels de l’environnement dans l’alimentation de la base
Optimal Climate Policy, Distortionary Taxation, and Public Debt *
No full textWe derive the (second-best) optimal long-run carbon tax in a polluted economy with preexisting tax distortions, where labor and capital income taxes adjust endogenously to changes in the ratio of public debt to GDP via pre-established fiscal rules, and sovereign debt carries default risk. Relative to the no-climate-policy scenario, the welfare-maximizing carbon tax lowers the debtto-GDP ratio as well as labor and capital income taxes, while raising consumption and GDP. The strength of these effects depends on the aggressiveness of the tax rules and on the initial level of public debt. When initial debt is low, the optimal carbon tax and the resulting increase in consumption, GDP, and welfare rise with the aggressiveness of the tax rules. When initial debt is high, however, this monotonic relationship breaks down, and the highest welfare gain from the optimal carbon levy is attained when the tax rules are moderately aggressive. This result hinges crucially on the convexity of the default probability with respect to the ratio of public debt to GDP.</div
Quels buts pour l’action en santé au travail : agir sur les acteurs ou agir sur l’organisation ?
No full textInternational audienceDespite advances in knowledge, taking action in occupational health still raises a number of questions to promote effective and sustainable interventions. This article discusses two perspectives. One way of looking at things is to seek to "affect" the players so that they intervene in the organization. Another is to seek to "affect" the organization in order to act on people. This question inevitably leads us to rethink the role of the various parties involved in an intervention, and to question the "alliances" on which the work psychologist, and in particular the work clinician, can rely to affect the organization.A pesar de los avances en el conocimiento, la actuación en el ámbito de la salud laboral sigue planteando numerosas dudas sobre cómo promover intervenciones eficaces y sostenibles. Este artículo analiza dos perspectivas. Una consiste en intentar “afectar” a los actores para que intervengan en la organización. Otra es tratar de “afectar” la organización para tener un impacto en las personas. Esta cuestión nos lleva inevitablemente a replantearnos el papel de las distintas partes involucradas en una intervención y a cuestionar las “alianzas” en las que puede basarse el psicólogo del trabajo, y en particular el clínico del trabajo, para incidir en la organización.Malgré l’avancée des connaissances, agir en santé au travail soulève encore de nombreuses questions pour favoriser des interventions efficaces et pérennes. L’article propose de discuter deux perspectives. Une façon de voir les choses est de chercher à « affecter » les acteurs pour qu’ils interviennent sur l’organisation. Une autre est de chercher à « affecter » l’organisation pour agir sur les personnes. Cette question nous amène inévitablement à repenser le rôle des différentes parties-prenantes d’une intervention et à interroger les « alliances » sur lesquelles le psychologue du travail et en particulier le clinicien du travail peut compter pour affecter l’organisation.Apesar dos progressos do conhecimento, a ação no domínio da saúde no trabalho levanta ainda muitas questões sobre a forma de promover intervenções eficazes e sustentáveis. Este artigo aborda duas perspetivas. Uma consiste em tentar "afetar" os atores para que estes intervenham na organização. Outra é procurar "afetar" a organização para ter um impacto nas pessoas. Esta questão leva-nos inevitavelmente a repensar o papel dos diferentes intervenientes numa intervenção e a questionar as "alianças" em que o psicólogo do trabalho, e em particular o clínico do trabalho, se pode apoiar para afetar a organização
Debedavan: A Newly Discovered Neolithic Site in Northeastern Armenia
No full textInternational audienceThe neolithic site of Debedavan is located in the Tavush region, on the right bank of the Debed River (a tributary of theKura River), about 350 meters from the Georgian border. This artificial tell, which rises 5 meters above the surrounding area(altitude 388 m above sea level), is about 0.8 hectares in size. The site was discovered in 2022 during Tavush Project survey. Apreliminary sondage confirmed a stratified sequence with a mixed upper layer followed by a well-preserved Neolithic horizon. Thefive C14 dates has subtantiate the site's occupation in the 6th millennium B.C. Debedavan is a remarkable find, as it representsthe first Neolithic site in Armenia located outside the Ararat Valley. The material culture uncovered at the site closely parallels thatof the Shulaveri-Shomutepe culture, reflecting its proximity to other important Neolithic sites in the Kura River Valley, such asAruchlo, Khramis Didi Gora, Gadachrili Gora, and Imiris Gora. Excavations during the initial seasons shed light on the materialassemblages of this Neolithic settlement, including obsidian and dacite tools, ceramics, bone tools, and evidence of circularearthen architecture. This settlement will undoubtedly play a crucial role in defining the Neolithic of the South Caucasus
Time Perspective Profile and Study Engagement
No full textInternational audienceAcademic dropout in French universities is significant. The lack of study engagement partly explains this phenomenon. Pursuing academic studies requires switching effectively among temporal orientations (past, present, and future). Although the relationships between study engagement and each temporal orientation have been studied, to the best of our knowledge, the association of all temporal profiles (present in all individuals) has not been considered in the relationship with study engagement. This study aimed to address this gap in the literature. In total, 451 French first- and second-year students enrolled in the humanities and social sciences Bachelor’s program completed a questionnaire including scales measuring time perspectives and study engagement. Using latent profile analyse, we obtained five profiles. We considered three of these as problematic profiles, including 40% of the students, and two had no problematic profiles. Among the latter, there is one in which 26% of the students are relatively oriented toward all temporal dimensions, and one balanced profile including 33% of the students. As expected, the balanced time perspective profile presented the highest study engagement scores, unlike past negative profiles, which showed lower scores. We discuss the implications of this new result for student academic success
Behind Morocco's showcase cities. Revanchism as a reader of the socially exculsive urban fabric
No full textInternational audienceInitially conceptualized in the Global North, 'revanchism' (Smith, 1996) sparked an important debate in those regions and is gaining attention in the Global South (Whitehead and More, 2007; Morelli, 2024). This proposal, grounded in Morocco, explores revanchism through a combined analysis of urbanization dynamics in both central and peripheral areas. While redevelopment initiatives are transforming centres—through medina rehabilitations, mega-projects and programs like 'Cities Without Slums'—the peripheries are experiencing massive urbanisation, absorbing displaced populations.Facilitated by Morocco's highly centralized and authoritarian governance (Bogaert, 2018), urban planning tools and practices inherited from the colonial era (Abu Lughod, 1980) continue to reinforce mechanisms of spatial and demographic control (Njoh, 2007). These mechanisms are challenged by urban pressure in both centres and peripheries allowing us to link the revanchism theory to land grabbing (Kahlaoui 2023), dispossession (Cowan, 2018) and the transformation of peripheral spaces into new sites of capital accumulation (Güney, Keil and Üçoğlu, 2019).”).Abu Lughod, Janet. 1980. Rabat : Urban Apartheid in Morocco. Princeton University Press.Bogaert, Koenraad. 2018. Globalized Authoritarianism. University of Minnesota Press.Kahlaoui, Soraya El. 2023. « Claiming their right to possess: the Guich Oudaya tribe’s resistance to land grabbing ». The Journal of North African Studies 28 (1): 36 56. Morelli, Niccolò. 2024. « Beyond the Rhetoric of Revanchism Towards the Metropolitan Core: An Analysis of Symbolic Representations of Milan From Its Peripheries ». Sociological Research Online, juin, 13607804241249554. https://doi.org/10.1177/13607804241249554.Njoh, Ambe. 2007. Planning Power: Town Planning and Social Control in Colonial Africa. CRC Press.Smith, Neil. 1996. The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City. London: Routledge.Whitehead, Judy, et Nitin More. 2007. « Revanchism in Mumbai? Political Economy of Rent Gaps and Urban Restructuring in a Global City ». Economic and Political Weekly 42 (25): 2428 34
Plateformes et données : reconfigurations dans les métiers de la communication numérique, Introduction du numéro thématique
No full textInternational audienc
Groupalités, malléabilité et évolution du cadre de l’intervention en formation continue universitaire : enjeux méthodologiques. Clinique d’une formation « sur mesure »
No full textInternational audienceÀ partir d’une demande de formation, de son analyse clinique et de l’étude méthodologique de sa mise en œuvre, les auteurs interrogent les modalités usuelles de découpage / classification des dispositifs d’intervention institutionnelle. En appui sur le repérage des mouvements transférentiels opérés sur le cadre de cette formation, en ouvrant à l’incertitude et à la mise en tension des idéologies des différents acteurs, les auteurs-intervenants proposent un dispositif suffisamment flottant pour permettre à la dimension de la transitionnalisation d’advenir ou de se restaurer, à l’opposé de la rigidification procédurale des institutions. Dans un contexte d’évolution des métacadres de celles-ci, le groupe et l’articulation de groupalités plurielles permettraient de restaurer une fonction intermédiaire entre le sujet et l’institution, entre le sujet et la société, permettant au sujet de trouver sa place au sein de cette dernière et de traiter les liens institués
Geometry of Gauss digitized convex shapes
No full textInternational audienceThis paper studies how well we can infer the geometry of a (smooth or not) convex shape X from the convex hull Y h of its Gauss digitization with a given gridstep h. Without smoothness constraint, we first present results concerning the proximity of facet normal vectors to the shape normal vectors, as well as a relation between the number of lattice points just above a facet and its area. Then, further results can be obtained when X is smooth, that are valid in arbitrary dimension d. More precisely, we show that the boundary of Y h is Hausdorff-close to the boundary of X with distance less than √ dh, and that the vertices of Y h are even much closer (some O(h^(2d /d+1))). Finally we show that the geometric normal vectors to the facets of Y h tend to the smooth shape normals with a speed O(h^1/2 ), and the bound is tight