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Observing social and environmental change in a large regulated river: the Rhône Valley Human-Environment Observatory
No full textInternational audienceFollowing the major floods of the early 2000s, the Rhône river has been the focus of an integrated management plan, the Plan Rhône . This plan advocates a new way of managing the river from a sustainable development perspective. The Rhône Valley Human-Environment Observatory (OHM VR) was set up in 2010 with sustainable development as a foundation applied to the scale of the river. The scientific objectives of the OHM VR have been to monitor the effects of this new management approach in a perspective of a highly anthropised socio-ecosystem, by studying the socio-environmental responses and adaptations in the Rhône corridor following a change in the mode of river management. Priority scientific themes were developed with the aim of covering most of the questions raised by this new mode of management: to achieve a better understanding of the geo-historical trajectory of the river to situate temporally the crisis events and their consequences; to provide insight into the new modes of management from a socio-political point of view and their reception by the local populations; to study the socio-economic processes in a context of ecological restoration actions; to analyse the environmental risks, in particular pollution; and to develop new tools to support the research works and the diffusion of scientific results. Interdisciplinarity and relations with local stakeholders provide the framework for these investigations. This article provides an overview of the activities of the OHM VR and their evolution since its creation, with a particular focus on two interdisciplinary case studies that have shaped collective scientific thinking in recent years
L’institution préfectorale dans les États d’Europe centrale et orientale
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La représentation visuelle de Lyon dans les guides touristiques français (années 1880-2000)
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Humanidades digitais em tempos de crise: resistências, imaginários e formas de coconstrução
No full textInternational audienceThis article introduces the dossier “Humanidades digitais em tempos de crise: resistências, imaginários e formas de coconstrução”, situating digital humanities within contemporary contexts of historical convulsion, social crisis and radical technological transformation. Drawing on Latin American decolonial perspectives such as Améfrica Ladina and Abya Yala, the authors discuss how algorithmic systems co-construct social practices, reinforcing or subverting relations of power. They map two main strands of critical scholarship: analyses of platform capitalism, data extractivism, surveillance and epistemic violence, and studies foregrounding popular algorithmic cultures, digital activism and community-based appropriations of technology. The introduction then presents the dossier’s contributions, which examine gendered and racial asymmetries in science, hate speech against teachers, interfaces of digital newspaper archives, and feminist critiques of academic sexism and generative AI. Overall, the text argues for digital humanities and data science from the Global South as a situated, feminist and anti-racist project committed to epistemic justice and plural technological futures
Coexister ou disparaître : Étude interdisciplinaire et longitudinale des relations entre humains et lémuriens sur l'île de Mayotte
No full textInternational audienceOne of Mayotte's most emblematic wildlife species is the brown lemur Eulemur fulvus, introduced from Madagascar by human populations during the first migrations from the 8th century onwards. Long valued and protected in local culture, it is now seen as a threat to agriculture in a society that is changing as a result of departmentalization. Growing pressure on forest areas is forcing lemurs to forage in agroforests and orchards, thereby altering their relationship with human populations, as well as their distribution in protected forest areas and cultivated zones. Increasingly regarded as pests, their fate is more than ever dependent on human activities in a local context of socio-political, cultural and environmental crisis. This article looks back over 25 years of interdisciplinary research in the humanities, social sciences and life sciences, with an update on the ecological history of Eulemur fulvus and human/lemur interactions on the island of Mayotte.L’île de Mayotte compte, parmi ses espèces faunistiques emblématiques, le maki brun Eulemur fulvus introduit depuis Madagascar par les populations humaines lors des premières migrations à partir du VIIIe siècle. Valorisé et protégé dans la culture locale, il est aujourd’hui considéré comme une menace pour l’agriculture au sein d’une société qui se transforme sous l’effet de la départementalisation. Une pression grandissante sur les espaces forestiers pousse les makis bruns à se nourrir dans les agroforêts, modifiant par là même leurs relations avec les populations humaines, de même que leur répartition dans les aires de forêts protégées et les zones cultivées. Leur sort est plus que jamais dépendant des activités humaines dans un contexte local de crise sociopolitique, culturelle et environnementale. Cet article propose de revenir sur 25 années de recherche interdisciplinaire en sciences humaines et sociales et en sciences du vivant, en actualisant la connaissance de l’histoire écologique d’Eulemur fulvus et des interactions humains/lémuriens sur l’île de Mayotte
Multi-method dating (¹⁰Be, ³⁶Cl, and ¹⁴C) of the Ossau Valley moraine complex (Pyrenees, France). A new stronghold of asynchronous glacier maximum advance relative to the global LGM falls.
No full textInternational audienceThe Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) refers to the most recent time interval during which the global volume of continental ice reached its maximum extent, resulting in the lowest global sea level. This event occurred between 19 and 24–26 ka cal BP, as evidenced from U-Th and radiocarbon dating of coral reefs associated with the last major sea-level lowstand. In the Pyrenees, the LLGM (i.e. Local Last Glacial Maximum of the Late Pleistocene glaciation) occurred during MIS 4, i.e. earlier than the LGM interval, whereas glacier positions during the LGM interval are unequally documented. Based on Pyrenees-wide available data, LGM glaciers seem to have extended as far as their earlier LLGM positions in the eastern valleys but were substantially shorter farther west. These differences along the strike of the mountain range have been interpreted (i) as a possible indicator of an increasing precipitation gradient from the Atlantic Ocean towards the Mediterranean Sea, or alternatively, (ii) as an artifact of the dating methods applied so far. Here we test these two hypotheses in the poorly documented northwesternmost part of the Pyrenees by providing a new series of 33 10Be and 36Cl surface exposure ages from the terminal LLGM moraines of the Gave d’Ossau. These combined exposure-age results are discussed in light of previously acquired ¹⁴C ages from the ice-marginal Estarrès glaciolacustrine sequence, and from Late Pleistocene archaeological sites. The evidence allows the reconstruction of a four-step scenario detailing glacier fluctuations during the Late Pleistocene: (i) a first glacial advance occurred during MIS 4 / MIS 3; (ii) between 34–30 ka and 31–27 ka, the Ossau glacier receded by at least 2 to 3 km but the precise extent of this recession remains uncertain; (iii) during the LGM interval, the Ossau glacier readvanced, leading to the formation of LLGM moraines around 27–24 ka, followed by post-LLGM recessional moraines 2 km upstream around 22–19 ka; (iv) from 20 to 19 ka, the Ossau glacier retreated extremely rapidly more than 30 km from its LLGM terminal morainic complex
Comparar a través de las disciplinas, el caso del proyecto ANR CALOT
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