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On Bassian and generalized Bassian modules
No full textA right R-module M is called (generalized) Bassian if the existence of an injective homomorphism M -> M/N for some submodule N of M implies that N = {0} (N is a direct summand of M). We partially describe relationships between the classes of Bassian and generalized Bassian modules. In particular, we show that generalized Bassian abelian groups are precisely direct sums of Bassian and semisimple abelian groups, which is a positive answer for Conjecture 1.3 in [P. V. Danchev and P. W. Keef, Generalized Bassian and other mixed abelian groups with bounded p-torsion, J. Algebra 663(1) (2025) 1-19].IISER BerhampurWe sincerely thank the reviewer for their thoughtful, encouraging, and detailedfeedback, which we found both valuable and motivating. The first-named author is thankful to IISER Berhampur for providing facilities to carry out this work with a Postdoctoral Fellowship
Investigating Compliance with a Home Exercise Program in People with Multiple Sclerosis
No full textObjective: This study aims to evaluate the status of receiving home exercise programs and adherence among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), providing insights for clinical practice. Methods: Individuals diagnosed with MS, aged 18 and over, literate, and reached through the social media platforms of the MS Society of Türkiye, were included in the study. Individuals who did not fully complete the questions asked and/ or gave answers irrelevant to the topic, who reported comorbidities that may prevent participation in exercise along with MS, and those not meeting the specified age criteria were excluded from the study. Data were collected through an online questionnaire assessing MS patients’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and their engagement and adherence to home exercise programs. Results: A total of 217 people (n = 36) male, (n = 181) female, participated in the study. While the rate of having a prescribed home exercise program among all participants was 12.90%, this rate was 8.33% for men and 13.81% for women. When the compliance of the participants with home exercise programs was examined, all men stated they sometimes applied these programs. This rate was found to be 52% for women. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that a considerable proportion of individuals with MS did not engage with the prescribed home exercise programme. Furthermore, the adherence rates and frequency of exercise updates were found to be inadequate. Since the MS population is increasing steadily in Türkiye, it is vital to facilitate access to effective exercises for people with MS and to ensure lifelong compliance with these exercises. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Analysis of the Effects of Nursing Students' Competencies and Attitudes Towards the Nursing Profession on Their Attitudes Towards Clinical Practice
No full textBackground Nursing education encompasses both theoretical knowledge and clinical practice. Nursing students can find the opportunity to increase their competences by applying the knowledge they have learnt in theoretical education in clinical practice. A multitude of factors influence the efficacy of clinical practice. It is expected that students will develop professional competencies before graduation and cultivate a positive attitude towards the nursing profession and clinical practice.Objective The objective of this study is to examine the influence of nursing students' competencies and their attitudes toward the profession on their attitudes toward clinical practice.Methods The study employed a correlational design. This study was conducted in a hospital between February 27 and August 25, 2023, and included 585 nursing students who agreed to participate in the study. The study used the Nursing Students' Attitudes towards Clinical Practices Scale, the Attitude Scale for Nursing Profession, and the Competency Inventory of Nursing Students as data collection tools together with the Descriptive Information Form. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the research data.Results The study revealed that nursing students' competencies and attitudes toward the profession influence their attitudes toward clinical practices.Conclusion Nursing students' attitudes and competencies towards the profession should be taken into consideration throughout their education to enhance the efficacy and quality of clinical practice.The authors received no specific funding for this work. Funding Source: MedlineWe are grateful for the contributions from all the participants. We guarantee that the manuscript or data has not been published previously and that they not under consideration for publication elsewhere. We guarantee that all authors have contributed significantly to the manuscript. All authors have been seen and approved in this manuscript
Synthesis and characterization of doxorubicin-loaded magnetic nanoparticles for potential hepatocellular carcinoma therapy
No full textHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severe form of liver cancer that necessitates early diagnosis and treatment. While doxorubicin (Dox) is commonly used to treat HCC, it exhibits limited efficacy in reaching tumor cells and can lead to severe side effects, such as cardiac toxicity. To enhance the anti-cancer activity and selectivity of Dox towards HCC cells, our objective was to synthesize magnetic nanoparticles targeting the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), which is highly expressed in hepatocytes. Arabinogalactan exhibits potential as a versatile targeting molecule against ASGPR. The nanoparticles were synthesized through the co-precipitation of iron salts and chemically conjugated with arabinogalactan (AG) for receptor targeting. Characterization studies of the nanoparticles, including assessments of size, morphology, chemical structure, zeta potential, drug adsorption efficiency, drug release profiles, stability, and biocompatibility analysis were conducted. The nanoparticles exhibited a size of 30-35 nm, a zeta potential of -15 +/- 3.67, biocompatible, and a pH-dependent Dox release profile with a slower release rate at physiological pH. Storage stability analysis revealed that the nanoparticles remained stable for six months at +4 degrees C. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the potential of receptor-targeted magnetic nanoparticles for further research and development.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [119S496]; Ege University [2024/001489]This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [grant numbers 119S496, 2022] . Patent applications in the national area have been filed for this invention, supported by Ege University (application number: 2024/001489)
Inspiratory muscle training in natural bodybuilders: adaptations in diaphragm muscle thickness and maximal strength
No full textBackground: The effect of inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm muscle thickness (DT) and one repetition maximal (1RM) in professional natural bodybuilders is still unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm muscle thickness and 1RM in professional natural bodybuilders. Methods: The study comprised a total of 22 athletes who participated in bodybuilding competitions. Each athlete had undergone a minimum of 5 years of training, with a minimum weekly commitment of 5 hours. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and control (CON). The CON continued their normal training regime, while the IMT group also performed inspiratory muscle training with a 10% weekly increase by setting the resistance setting of the PowerBreathe (R) Classic device to 40% of the participant's maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP). Prior to and during the 4-week training period, 1RM bench press measurements and diaphragm muscle thickness measurements were obtained. Results: In the comparison of 1RM power values before and after training, it was determined that the IMT group (%: 11.20) had 6.3% more post-activation performance enhancement compared to the CON group (%: 4.9) (p < 0.001). In the study, it was determined that a higher level of significant post-activation performance enhancement was obtained in the IMT group compared to the CON group in the diaphragm muscle thickness inspiratory phase (DT ins) and ekspiratory phase (DT eks) parameters at 20.36% and 19.46%, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, we determined that the addition of progressive loading inspiratory muscle training to preparation programmes in natural bodybuilders will improve diaphragm muscle thickness, 1RM physical performance. In particular, it shows that the diaphragm muscle should be considered not only as a muscle that supports respiration, but also as a muscle that contributes to power generation by optimising intra-abdominal pressure.The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article
The Effects of Memantine on Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity
No full textIntroduction: We aimed to investigate electrophysiologically and histopathologically, the protective effects of intratympanic memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, on ototoxicity caused by cisplatin, an antineoplastic agent used in many types of cancer. Methods: Thirty-seven guinea pigs with a normal auditory function were randomly allocated to group 1 (cisplatin; n = 8), group 2 (memantine; n = 8), group 3 (cisplatin + memantine; n = 8), group 4 (cisplatin + physiological serum [PS]; n = 8), and group 5 (control; n = 5). Auditory assessments were conducted using distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) within a frequency range of 1-32 kHz and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) within 8-32 kHz. A single dose of cisplatin (12 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally, followed by intratympanic administration of 0.2 mL of either memantine or PS to both ears at least half an hour before cisplatin administration. Subsequent auditory evaluations were conducted 72 h after cisplatin administration. Histopathological analyses were performed using light microscopy of the right ear and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the left ear. Results: Auditory evaluations conducted before and after treatment revealed significant fi ndings. Specifically, within groups 3 and 4, ABR thresholds were elevated at all frequencies (p = 0.00), whereas the DPOAE signal-to-noise ratios were reduced at frequencies of 8, 12, 16, and 24 kHz (p = 0.001, p = 0.01, p = 0.01, and p = 0.00, respectively). Histopathologically, both light microscopy and SEM revealed that the cisplatin + memantine group exhibited fewer hair cells and nuclear degeneration in the spiral ganglion than the cisplatin and cisplatin + PS groups. Additionally, the stria vascularis thickness was greater in the cisplatin + memantine group than in cisplatin and cisplatin + PS groups. Conclusion: Despite the negative electrophysiological fi ndings, the histopathological outcomes suggest that intratympanic memantine may have a potential protective effect against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. However, further investigations are warranted to corroborate these fi ndings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action of memantine.Trakya University Scientific Research Projects Unit [TUBAP 2019-193]; Trakya University Scientific Research Projects UnitThis study was supported by Trakya University Scientific Research Projects Unit (TUBAP 2019-193)
Analyzing and exploring Graph Attention Networks and protein-based language models for predicting Porhyromonas gingivalis resistant efflux protein sequences
No full textBackground. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) must be predicted to combat antibiotic-resistant illnesses. Based on high-priority AMR genomes, it is possible to track resistance and focus treatment to stop global outbreaks. Large language models (LLMs) are essential for identifying Porhyromonas gingivalis multi-resistant efflux genes to prevent resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a serious problem; however, by studying specific bacterial genomes, we can predict how resistance develops and find better kinds of treatment. Objectives. This paper explores using advanced models to predict the sequences of proteins that make P. gingivalis resistant to treatment. Understanding this approach could help prevent AMR more effectively. Material and methods. This research utilized multi-drug-resistant efflux protein sequences from P. gingivalis, identified through UniProt ID A0A0K2J2N6_PORGN, and formatted as FASTA sequences for analysis. These sequences underwent rigorous detection and quality assurance processes to ensure their suitability for computational analysis. The study employed the DeepBIO framework, which integrates LLMs with deep attention networks to process FASTA sequences. Results. The analysis revealed that the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-attention, ProtBERT and BERTGAT models achieved sensitivity scores of 0.9 across the board, with accuracy rates of 89.5%, 88.5% and 90.5%, respectively. These results highlight the effectiveness of the models in identifying P. gingivalis strains resistant to multiple drugs. Furthermore, the study assessed the specificity of the LSTM-attention, ProtBERT and BERTGAT models, which achieved scores of 0.89, 0.87 and 0.90, respectively. Specificity, or the genuine negative rate, measures the ability of a model to accurately identify non-resistant cases, which is crucial for minimizing false positives in AMR detection. Conclusions. When utilized clinically, this LLM approach wil help prevent AMR, which is a global problem. Understanding this approach may enable researchers to develop more effective treatment strategies that target specific resistant genes, reducing the likelihood of resistance development. Ultimately, this approach could play a pivotal role in preventing AMR on a global scale
Pomegranate peel extract as a bioactive inhibitor of polyphenol oxidase: a green alternative for extending fresh-cut produce preservation
No full textBACKGROUND Natural plant extracts, particularly those rich in flavanols, are promising alternatives to prevent enzymatic browning in fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. Pomegranate peel, an abundant agro-industrial byproduct, has been recognized as a potential source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. This study investigates the inhibitory effects of a phenolic extract from the peel of Hicaz variety pomegranate on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and its impact on the quality attributes of fresh-cut produce.RESULTS The extract, obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction with a yield of 33.55%, was analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, revealing seven major phenolic compounds. Molecular docking studies confirmed strong binding interactions with PPOs. Enzyme inhibition assays demonstrated IC50 values of 0.86, 0.95 and 0.73 mg mL-1 for potato, mushroom and apple PPOs, respectively, indicating a mixed-type inhibition mechanism. Fresh-cut samples treated with 2 mg mL-1 extract and stored at 4 degrees C showed improved preservation, maintaining quality attributes and reducing browning for up to 7 days in potato and apple, and up to 3 days in mushroom.CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that Hicaz pomegranate peel extract is an effective natural PPO inhibitor capable of extending the shelf life of fresh-cut produce. Its potential applications in food preservation highlight both its economic value as a waste-derived resource and its contribution to sustainable food processing. (c) 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [123O912]This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) within the scope of TUBITAK 1002 A rapid support project (project number: 123O912)
Cognitive activity analysis of Parkinson's patients using artificial intelligence techniques
No full textPurposeThe development of modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) based models for the early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been gaining deep attention by researchers recently. In particular, the use of different types of datasets (voice, hand movements, gait, etc.) increases the variety of up-to-date models. Movement disorders and tremors are also among the most prominent symptoms of PD. The usage of drawings in the detection of PD can be a crucial decision-support approach that doctors can benefit from.MethodsA dataset was created by asking 40 PD and 40 Healthy Controls (HC) to draw spirals with and without templates using a special tablet. The patient-healthy distinction was achieved by classifying drawings of individuals using Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Naive Bayes (NB) algorithms. Prior to classification, the data were normalized by applying the min-max normalization method. Moreover, Leave-One-Subject-Out (LOSO) Cross-Validation (CV) approach was utilized to eliminate possible overfitting scenarios. To further improve the performances of classifiers, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dimension reduction technique were also applied to the raw data and the results were compared accordingly.ResultsThe highest accuracy among machine learning based classifiers was obtained as 90% with SVM classifier using non-template drawings with PCA application.ConclusionThe model can be used as a pre-evaluation system in the clinic as a non-invasive method that also minimizes environmental and educational level differences by using simple hand gestures such as hand drawing, writing numbers, words, and syllables. As a result of our study, preliminary preparation has been made so that hand drawing analysis can be used as an auxiliary system that can save time for health professionals. We plan to work on more comprehensive data in the future.Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Trakya University [2021/90]This research was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Trakya University under the grant 2021/90
Antioxidant effects of phenolic compounds, vitamin and mineral contents of Yakutboleti (Hortiboletus rubellus) mushroom extracts under in vitro conditions.
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı, Yaz aylarında kayın ve meşe ormanlarında nadir rastlanan Yakutboleti mantarının (Hortiboletus rubellus) fenolik bileşik, vitamin ve mineral içeriklerinin yanı sıra in vitro koşullardaki antioksidan etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu türe ilişkin literatürde sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Ağustos 2022'de Istıranca Ormanları'ndan (Kırklareli) toplanan ve -80 °C'de saklanan mantar örnekleri, dondurularak kurutma (liyofilizasyon) işlemine tabi tutuldu. Etanol, metanol, dimetilsülfoksit (DMSO), fosfat tamponu ve etil asetat çözücüleri kullanılarak ekstraksiyon yapıldı. Ekstraksiyon süreci homojenizasyon (45 dakika), çalkalama (125 rpm, 24 saat) ve santrifüjleme (10.000 rpm, 20 dakika, 10 °C) adımlarını içerdi. Toplam fenolik madde (Folin-Ciocalteu, gallik asit eşdeğeri - GAE), toplam flavonoid madde (Al³? kompleksleşme, kuersetin eşdeğeri - QE) ve serbest radikal giderme aktivitesi (DPPH radikal süpürme, BHA/BHT standart) spektrofotometrik olarak analiz edildi. Fenolik profil ve vitamin içeriği LC-MS ile, element profili ICP-MS ile, biyoaktif metabolitler QTOF-MS ile karakterize edildi. Lakkaz aktivitesi kinetik ölçümlerle değerlendirildi. Çalışmada toplam fenolik madde tayini için Folin-Ciocalteu reaksiyonu esas alınmıştır. En yüksek toplam fenolik madde (11.57 mg GAE/g) ekstraktında belirlendi. Toplam flavonoid madde miktarı, flavonoidlerin alüminyum iyonu (Al³?) ile kompleks oluşturması prensibine dayanan spektrofotometrik yöntemle analiz edilmiş ve sonuçlar v kuersetin eşdeğeri (QE) cinsinden raporlanmıştır. En yüksek flavonoid içeriği 1.45 mg QE/g değeri ile metanol ekstraktında saptanmıştır. Serbest radikal giderme aktivitesinin belirlenmesinde, Blois tarafından geliştirilen ve DPPH radikali süpürme esasına dayanan yöntem kullanılmıştır. Standart çözelti olarak BHA (bütillenmiş hidroksianizol) ve BHT (bütillenmiş hidroksitoluen) tercih edilmiştir. Metanol ekstraktı (%39,64 inhibisyon, 1000 µg/mL) en yüksek serbest radikal süpürme aktivitesini gösterdi. LC-MS ile yapılan Fenolik madde profili belirleme analizinde, liyofilize Yakutboleti mantarı ekstraktlarında dikkat çekici fenolik profil tespit edilmiştir. Hidrolize edilmemiş ekstrakta ait kısımda İndol-3-Asetik Asit bileşiği 9489,16 ?g/g ile yüksek konsantrasyonda saptanmıştır. Hidroliz sonrasında ise Protokateşik Asit konsantrasyonu 907,92 ?g/g değerine ulaşarak 16 kat artış göstermiştir. Ayrıca hidroliz işlemi sonucunda Jaseosidin (67,95 ?g/g) ve İzorhamnetin (61,51 ?g/g) gibi yeni biyoaktif bileşiklerin açığa çıktığı belirlenmiştir. QTOF-MS analizi ile, Yakutboleti mantarının farmakolojik potansiyel taşıyan kritik metabolitlerini ortaya çıkarıldı. Pozitif iyon modunda, antikanser aktivite gösteren Brefeldin A ve nöroprotektif antioksidan ergotionin saptanmıştır. Aynı zamanda, süt ve süt ürünlerinde de bulunan ve trans bir bir yağ asidi olan vaksenik asit tespit edilmiştir. Negatif iyon modunda ise metal şelasyonu ile nörodejenaratif etki gösteren kinolin-8-ol bileşiği belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, mantarın terapötik uygulamalara kaynak oluşturabilecek biyoaktif çeşitliliğini kanıtlamaktadır. Yakutboleti mantarının yağda çözünen vitamin içeriği, LC-MS ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada, Vitamin D? bileşiği 512,68 µg/kg (ppb) konsantrasyonda tespit edilmiştir. B vitamini profili, LC-MS ile analiz edilmiştir. En yüksek konsantrasyon 2326,08 µg/kg (ppb) ile nikotinik asitte (B3) belirlenmiştir. Yakutboleti mantarının element profili, ICP-MS (İndüktif Eşleşmiş Plazma Kütle Spektrometresi) ile analiz edilmiştir. En yüksek konsantrasyonlar sırasıyla fosfor (775.921,41 µg/kg) ve potasyum (1.005.692,17 µg/kg) olarak belirlenmiştir. Dikkat çekici seviyede arsenik (601,34 µg/kg) tespit edilirken; demir (12.046,98 µg/kg) ve çinko (52.630,00 µg/kg) vi gibi esansiyel minerallerin birikimi öne çıkmıştır. Toksik metal kadmiyumun düşük kalması (14,09 µg/kg) olumlu bulgu olarak kaydedilmiştir. Ekstraktlarının lakkaz aktivitesi, kinetik ölçümlerle değerlendirilmiştir. En yüksek enzim aktivitesi 0,22 U/L ile etanol ekstraktında tespit edilmiş olup, bu değer metanol (0,12 U/L) ve DMSO (0,11 U/L) ekstraktlarından anlamlı derecede yüksektir. Fosfat tamponu ve etil asetat ekstraktlarında ise ölçülebilir lakkaz aktivitesi saptanmamıştır. Bu kapsamlı analizler, Yakutboleti mantarının çeşitli biyoaktif fenolik bileşikler (İndol-3-Asetik Asit, Protokateşik Asit, Jaseosidin, İzorhamnetin), farmakolojik potansiyel taşıyan metabolitler (Brefeldin A, ergotionin, kinolin-8-ol) tespit edilmesi dikkat çekmektedir, özellikle metanol ekstraktının belirgin antioksidan kapasitesi ve etanol ekstraktının lakkaz aktivitesi, bu nadir mantar türünün fonksiyonel gıda ve biyoteknolojik uygulamalar için potansiyelini işaret etmektedir.The aim of this study