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Impact of Dose Reductions on Efficacy of Adjuvant Abemaciclib for Patients with High Risk Early Breast Cancer: Analyses from the monarchE Study
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Lessons to be learned when designing comprehensible patient-oriented online information about temporomandibular disorders
No full textBackgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a prevalent ailment with a global impact, affecting a substantial number of individuals. While some individuals are receiving treatment from orthodontists for TMD, a significant proportion of individuals obtain knowledge through websites.ObjectivesOur purpose had been to evaluate, from a patient-oriented perspective, the readability of home pages of websites scored in the 10 most prominent devoted to TMD. We also determined what level of education would have been needed to get an overview of the information on the websites under scrutiny. This approach ensures that our findings are centred on the patient experience, providing insights into how accessible and understandable websites about TMD.MethodsWe determined the top 10 patient-focused English language websites by searching for 'temporomandibular disorders' in the 'no country redirect' plugin of the Google Chrome browser (). The readability of the texts was assessed using the Gunning fog index (GFI), Coleman Liau index (CLI), Automated readability index (ARI) Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Flesch Kincald grade level (FKGL), Flesh reasing ease (FRE) ().ResultsThe mean Flesch reading ease index score was determined to be 48.67, accompanied by a standard deviation of 15.04 and these websites require an average of 13.49 years of formal education (GFI), with a standard deviation of 2.62, for ease of understanding.ConclusionOur research indicates that a significant proportion of websites related to TMD can be defined as a level of complexity that exceeds the ability to read comprehension of the general population. Lessons to be learned when designing comprehensible patient-oriented online information about temporomandibular disorders.imag
Impact of NAD(P)H: Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T Polymorphism on Lung Cancer Risk
No full textBackground and Objectives: Many studies have demonstrated a relationship between cancer and the NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) polymorphism. Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common malignant diseases and is an expanding global health problem. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the NQO1 C609T polymorphism and LC risk, including its distribution across histopathological subtypes, and to assess its potential as a genetic susceptibility marker. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 75 LC patients and 65 healthy controls. In this study, the C > T polymorphism occurring at position 609 in the NQO1 gene was examined in Turkish patients with LC. Demographic data and laboratory findings were collected from the patients and the hospital laboratory system. Results: The genotype frequencies (CC, CT, and TT) in LC patients were 66.7%, 32.0%, and 1.3%, respectively, compared with 60.0%, 35.4%, and 4.6% in the control group. Chi-square analysis revealed no significant association between the NQO1 C609T polymorphism and LC risk (p = 0.433). No correlation was observed between genotype distribution and histopathological subtypes. All patients had a long history of smoking (mean: 38.45 +/- 12.14 years and 1.63 +/- 0.64 packs/day). Conclusions: This is the first study conducted in Turkish people to determine the relationship between the C > T polymorphism occurring at position 609 in the NQO1 gene and the risk of LC. The patients with LC, regardless of their histopathological type, showed no relationship with the polymorphism in the NQO1 gene. Further high-quality investigations with more detailed environmental exposure information and larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm our findings
Associação entre Relação Glicose/Linfócito e Lesão Renal Aguda Induzida por Contraste em Pacientes com Infarto do Miocárdio Não Diabéticos
No full textBackground: Glucose metabolism and systemic inflammation appears to be strongly related to many cardiovascular diseases. Glucose to lymphocyte ratio (GLR), a novel promising marker, has been recognized as a reliable predictor of prognosis in various cancers. However, there are still no studies on the association of cardiovascular disease with GLR. Objectives: This analysis aimed to uncover the potential association between GLR and the risk for contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in a ST-elevation acute myocardial Methods: Clinical data of 592 nondiabetic STEMI patients managed with PPCI from February 2021 to February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with end-stage kidney disease, missing laboratory data, cancers, inflammatory/ infectious diseases, or died during the procedure or within 24 hours after the procedure were excluded. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimal cutoff of GLR in CI-AKI. Based on the cutoff value, the study population was categorized into high-GLR (>= 4.16) and low-GLR (<4.16) groups. The level of significance adopted in the statistical analysis was 5%. Results: The overall CI-AKI incidence was 7.4%. The high-GLR group showed a higher CI-AKI incidence in comparison to the low-GLR group (30.9%vs1.3%, p<0.001). Following adjustment for potential confounders, high-GLR still served as an independent predictor for CI-AKI (odds ratio [OR] 45.100, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.312-278.174, p<0.001), as well as creatinine at admission (OR:10.459, 95%CI 1.169-93.583, p=0.036). Conclusions: In conclusion, a high GLR level served as an independent risk factor for CI-AKI evolution after PPCI in subjects with STEMI without diabetes mellitus
Comparison of brachial plexus and critical organ doses with conformal, intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) radiotherapy techniques in left breast cancer patients receiving locoregional radiotherapy
No full textGiriş ve Amaç: Lenf nodu tutulumu olan meme kanserli hastalarda cerrahi sonrası lokorejyonal radyasyon tedavisinin lokorejyonel nüks riskini azalttığını ve meme kanseri sağkalımını arttırdığı kanıtlanmıştır. Lokorejyonel radyoterapi, brakial pleksusta geç toksisiteye (nöropati) ve ödemlere neden olabilir. Radyoterapinin komşu hedef olmayan normal doku üzerindeki etkileri 2010 yılında QUANTEC başlığı altında yeniden revize edildi. Riskli alanı homojen bir doz dağılımı ile ışınlarken, normal dokunun en az dozu alması hedeflenmiştir. Radyasyon tedavisinden sonra parestezi oluşumunun arttığı ve bu etkinin, meme cerrahisi tipi, incelenen aksiller lenf nodu sayısı ve kemoterapi alıp almamasından bağımsız olduğu yapılan çalışmalarda tespit edilmiştir. Brakial pleksopati klinik olarak üst ekstremitelerde nöropatik ağrı, paresteziler veya motor zayıflıklar olarak kendini gösterebilir ve hastaların yaşam kalitesini etkileyecek önemli morbiditeye neden olabilir. Bu çalışmada; lokorejyonel radyoterapi alan sol meme kanseri hastalarda konformal, yoğunluk ayarlı radyoterapi (IMRT) ve volumetrik arc terapi (VMAT) teknikleri kullanılarak brakial pleksus ve diğer kritik organların (kalp, akciğer, tiroid bezi, medulla spinalis, özofagus ve karşı meme dokusu) alacağı doz miktarlarının karşılaştırmayı ve en ideal tekniğin tespit edilebilmesini amaçladık. Çalışmadan elde edeceğimiz sonucu literatür ile paylaşmakla kalmayıp, rutin klinik uygulamamızda da elde edeceğimiz sonuç doğrultusunda lokorejyonel radyoterapi alması gereken hastalarda brakial pleksopati ve diğer organ dozları açısından en az toksisiteyi sağlayan tekniği kullanmak için yol gösterici ve teşvik edici olacaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada 3BKRT, IMRT ve VMAT radyoterapi planlama teknikleri kullanılarak hedef hacimde (PTV) aynı dozu uygularken, Brakial Pleksus ve diğer kritik organlarda (OAR) oluşan dozlar hesaplandı. OAR'lerin (brakial pleksus, sol akciğer, kalp, LAD, medulla spinalis, karşı meme, özefagus, tirod) en az dozu alması için tüm planlar optimize edilerek hep plan doz-volüm histogramından (DVH) faydalanarak karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: IMRT ve VMAT teknikleri, 3BKRT'ye göre daha homojen doz dağılımı sağlamıştır. IMRT brakial pleksusu en iyi koruyan yöntem olmuş, bu da nörolojik komplikasyonların azaltılması açısından önemlidir. VMAT, karşı meme ve özofagus dozlarında daha başarılı sonuçlar göstermiştir. Kalp ve akciğer açısından da IMRT ve VMAT teknikleri, 3BKRT'ye göre daha düşük dozlar sunmuştur. Sonuç: IMRT, brakial pleksus korumasında öne çıkarken; VMAT, sekonder malignite ve disfaji riskini azaltma potansiyeli ile dikkat çekmektedir. Her iki modern teknik de kritik organ korunmasında başarılıdır. Tedavi planlamasında hasta özelliklerine göre uygun tekniğin seçilmesi, hem etkinliği artırır hem de yaşam kalitesini yükseltir. Anahtar Kelimeler: 3BKRT, IMRT, VMAT,meme kanseri,brakial pleksusIntroduction and Objective: In patient
Nanoemulsion of Thymus capitatus and Origanum vulgare essential oil: stability, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties
No full textThis research focuses on the assessment of cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of Thymus capitatus essential oil (TEO) and Origanum vulgare essential oil (OEO), before and after encapsulation in nanoemulsions, prepared utilizing high-pressure homogenization. These plants, indigenous to northern Albania and Mediterranean regions, produce EO with notable biological and cytotoxic activities. However, volatility, poor solubility, and chemical instability limit their practical application. Incorporating these oils into NE aims to enhance their stability and biological activity. The antimicrobial efficacy of the EO exhibited variability against different strains, showing particular effectiveness against E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 29213, and C. albicans ATCC 10231, with no effect was observed against P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The EO-loaded NE exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against MCF7, DU 145, and HT-29 cancer cell lines compared to the free oil. Encapsulation was found to augment the bioactivity of these volatile oils, with TEO-NE demonstrating superior cytotoxic effects than OEO-NE. Following encapsulation, OEO exhibited superior antimicrobial efficacy relative to TEO against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. Our results suggest that NE may enhance the cytotoxic and antimicrobial potential of the EOs, in different manner among EO used. The encapsulation of TEO and OEO in NE shows promising therapeutic potential, although further studies are required. However, these conclusions are drawn from in vitro analyses, underscoring the need for subsequent in vivo studies to ascertain this innovative clinical safety and efficacy.CEEPUS/OeAD mobility program for providing mobility [MPC-2021-02934]Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the CEEPUS/OeAD mobility program for providing mobility support to the co-author (Ref. no.: MPC-2021-02934)
Esculetin inhibits TGF-?2-induced proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells
No full textPurposeProliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a multifactorial pathological condition resulting from the migration of various cell types, primarily retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, into the vitreous cavity. Currently, the only effective treatment for PVR is surgery; however, its outcomes remain suboptimal. Esculetin, a natural dihydroxycoumarin derivative, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. However, its effects on cell transformation and migration induced by transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) have not yet been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential and underlying molecular mechanisms of esculetin in regulating migration and Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), key processes in the progression of PVR.MethodsThe effect of the treatment on cell survival was determined by the MTT test. Human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) subjected to serum starvation were treated as follows: cells were incubated for 48 h with either 10 ng/ml TGF-beta 2, 12.5 mu M esculetin, or a combination of both agents applied simultaneously. Cells treated with vehicle alone were defined as the control group.The impact of this treatment on cell migration was evaluated using a wound healing assay, while apoptosis was analyzed by Hoechst staining assay. mRNA and protein expression levels were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot assay, respectively.ResultsEsculetin inhibits the proliferation, transformation of RPE cells modified by TGF-beta 2, reverses cell morphology and inhibits cell migration in a wound healing assay. Treatment with esculetin reduces the expression levels of mesenchymal markers such as MMP-1, -2, -9, fibronectin, alpha-SMA, vimentin, as well as transcription factors Snail, Slug, ZEB-1 and Twist, which were upregulated by TGF-beta 2 treatment. Conversely, the epithelial markers E-cadherin, ZO-1 and occludin were up-regulated by esculetin treatment.ConclusionThese findings suggest that esculetin may inhibit RPE cell migration and EMT processes involved in the development of experimentally induced PVR through various molecular mechanisms. Although these results are limited to in vitro observations, they indicate the potential of esculetin as a non-invasive therapeutic agent for PVR, pending further validation through future in vivo and clinical studies
Optimized ultrasonic-NaDES extraction of anthocyanins, polyphenolics, and organic acids from chokeberry fruit with blueness and antimicrobial evaluation
No full textDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been widely used in food processing in recent years, owing to their remarkable advantages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of DESs for the recovery of bioactive components from chokeberry fruit. First, among the 10 different DESs, the DES that extracted the highest total individual phenolic content (TIPC) from chokeberry was determined. Then, ultrasonically assisted extraction conditions (ultrasonic amplitude, time, and temperature) were optimized by response surface methodology to obtain the maximum amount of TIPC using this DES. According to the results obtained, the natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) choline chloride: acetic acid (1:2, 30% water content) provided the highest yield for TIPC extraction and the optimum conditions for maximum TIPC extraction were determined as 100% for ultrasonic amplitude, 50 degrees C for temperature and 60 min for sonication time. The TIPC content of the extracts prepared with this NaDES was determined between 1740.26 and 3703.14 mg/kg. In addition, the individual organic acid and individual anthocyanin contents of the NaDES extracts, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, were determined. Chlorogenic acid (1392.351-2361.48 mg/kg) among phenolic compounds, pyruvic acid (9361.35-47398.04 mg/kg) among organic acids and kuromanin chloride (69748.13-134668.24 mg/kg) among anthocyanins were the dominant compounds in NaDES extracts. However, the extracts showed varying levels of antimicrobial activity against Gram (+) bacteria, Gram (-) bacteria, and yeast-like fungi (Candida strains). Finally, the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) was used to evaluate the practicality/blueness potential of the chromatographic method used to determine the anthocyanin composition of the DES extracts. In conclusion, NaDES (choline chloride:acetic acid) can be an alternative solvent for the recovery of some individual phenolics, organic acids and anthocyanins under different extraction conditions. In addition, the use of NaDES in the recovery of various functional compounds needed in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, etc., is important for the promotion of sustainability and green technology.Istanbul University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit [FAB-2022-38603]This study was supported by the Istanbul University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project No. FAB-2022-38603)
Micro/Nanoplastic Toxicity on Aquatic Life: Fate, Effect and Remediation Strategy Treatment: A Review on Possible Solution Scenarios for Bioremediation in Real Wastewater Treatment
No full textBiodiversity conservation, ecosystem, and public health are negatively triggered by plastics used in all areas of modern life. Micro and nano plastics, one of them, are widely occurring pollutants that have great interest. The increasing levels of micro-nano plastics such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylchloride (PVC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the ecosystem negatively affecting environmental health and living organisms globally because of undeniable prevalence in the air, soil and especially aquatic ecosystem. Microplastics, which have very slow decomposition rates, stay and accumulate for a long time in the environment where they can interact with organisms. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered point sources of micro-nano plastics released into the environment and the last line of defense that creates a barrier between microplastics and the environment. Although microbial species such as bacteria, algae, and fungi can break down plastic, they can not completely mineralize plastic due to various factors such as enzymatic mechanisms, substrates and co-substrates concentration, temperature, pH, and oxidative stress. Therefore, the underlying mechanism of micro-nano plastic formation and specifying the factors affecting their transport, distribution, and deterioration is very important. So far, no specific treatment technology has been developed to specifically remove MPs and NPs from wastewater and sludge, apart from existing conventional treatment techniques. So, the main purpose of this book chapter focusing on current evidence of microplastic accumulation in the aquatic environment and soil, we will emphasize the harmful effects, fate, and remediation processes of existing and potential microplastic types on living things to protect the environment and life on earth. Also, to fill the information gap, recent research innovations regarding the development of purification technologies targeting MPs and NPs will be discussed. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Low power memristor circuit with electronically Tunable
No full textThis paper introduces a charge-controlled memristor emulator (MRE) circuit based on CMOS technology, utilizing the second-generation Current Controlled Current Conveyor (CCCII) as the active element. The proposed MRE circuit is designed as a grounded configuration, incorporating a resistor and a capacitor as passive elements. Mathematical analysis of the circuit was performed, and simulation studies using TSMC 180 nm technology and the LTspice program confirmed the expected pinch hysteresis curves characteristic of memristors. These curves were also obtained under various conditions and parameters to evaluate the circuit's robustness. To this end, temperature analyses, process corner analyses, and Monte Carlo simulations were performed. The pulse signal response of the proposed circuit was examined, demonstrating its capability to perform in incrementing and decrementing modes. The circuit supports a maximum operating frequency of 150 MHz and features a low power consumption of 2.76 mu W. Due to its nonlinear characteristics, proposed MRE is well-suited for chaotic applications. To illustrate this, the circuit was adapted to the Jerk system. Mathematical analyses of the proposed system were performed, and simulation studies in LTspice generated phase portraits that confirmed chaotic behavior. Finally, an experimental study has been realized to demonstrate to feasibility of the proposed MRE, by commercially available components, AD844 and AD633