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Revision of the North American genus Supralathosea Barnes & Benjamin (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Oncocnemidinae) with description of two genera and three species
No full textThe noctuid genus Supralathosea Barnes & Benjamin (Noctuidae, Oncocnemidinae) is revised to include three species for the United States of America, Supralathosea baboquivariensis Barnes & Benjamin from southeast Arizona, Supralathosea yavapai sp. nov. from central Arizona, and Supralathosea solastella sp. nov. from Texas. Two genera are described for species formerly included in Supralathosea. Infralathosea gen. nov. includes Infralathosea pronuba comb. nov. from Arizona and New Mexico and Infralathosea unicornis sp. nov. from west Texas. Eulathosea gen. nov. contains only Eulathosea obtusa Smith, comb. nov. from Arizona. A key to genera and species is presented and adults and genitalia of all taxa are illustrated. Infralathosea and Eulathosea are assigned to Oncocnemidinae based on molecular evidence
C-glycosylflavones from Linum hologynum Rchb.
No full textThe current study focuses on the stem and flowers of Linum hologynum, an endemic species to the Balkan Peninsula, a potential source of valuable metabolites. L. hologynum is poorly studied in any aspects, including its phytochemistry and pharmacological activity. Applying various chromatographic techniques, two isomeric C-glycosylflavones were isolated. Structures were elucidated, by means of spectroscopic methods, including 1H and 13C NMR as well as LC-HRESI-MS analysis, as orientin and isoorientin. This is the first report of those metabolites from L. hologynum
High-performance liquid chromatography-based evaluation of lipophilicity of a series of novel stilbene derivatives
No full textLipophilicity is related to physicochemical, metabolic, and toxicity properties of the drugs. The present study reports a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method, RP-HPLC (stationary phase: LiChrosorb RP-18; mobile phase: acetonitrile-water or methanol-water) in isocratic elution mode for determination of the lipophilic behavior of thirty-one newly synthesized combretastatin CA-4 derivatives. Lipophilicity was estimated through log P using the chromatographic descriptor log kw. The quadratic and linear relationships were established between the logarithm of the capacity factor for each compound and the concentration of organic modifier in the mobile phase (φ). These two regression models were evaluated using Mandel’s test. The relationship between the chemical structure of newly stilbene derivatives and log P was described. The correlations between the chromatographic lipophilicity and in vitro cytotoxic activity against three different cell lines were examined
Species delimitation and DNA barcoding for Chinese Mantodea (Insecta, Dictyoptera)
No full textDNA barcoding has been proposed as a rapid and reliable tool for animal identification and species delineation. The 5’ end of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI-5P) was sequenced for 318 specimens of 55 mantis species. Of these, 44 species had not been sequenced before, thus being new COI-5P barcode sequences to science. Another 61 COI-5P barcode sequences comprising five species were retrieved from the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD; www.boldsystems.org). Five species delimitation algorithms were employed to sort barcode sequences into Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs), namely the distance-based Barcode Index Number (BIN) System, Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC), a Java program that uses an explicit, determinate algorithm to define Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (jMOTU), Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP), and Bayesian implementation of the Poisson Tree Processes model (bPTP). All species, except Hierodula chinensis Werner, 1929, were recovered as monophyletic on the neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. For the final dataset, 379 COI-5P barcode sequences were assigned to 68 BINs. Fifty-five out of 68 BINs obtained were new to BOLD. The low level of BIN overlap with other nations highlights the importance of constructing a regional DNA barcode reference library. The algorithms ASAP, jMOTU, bPTP, and GMYC clustered barcode sequences into 32, 58, 68, and 60 MOTUs, respectively. All species delimitation algorithms (except ASAP analysis) split Anaxarcha sinensis Beier, 1933, Anaxarcha zhengi Ren & Wang, 1994, H. chinensis, Spilomantis occipitalis (Westwood, 1889), Titanodula formosana Giglio-Tos, 1912 into more than one MOTUs. All algorithms merged Hierodula sp. BCM-2019 and H. chinensis into the same MOTU, as for Tenodera aridifolia Stoll, 1813 and Tenodera sinensis Saussure, 1871. More accurate identification results need to be supplemented by detailed morphological classification
Micro-CT assessment of sealant penetration in different types of fissures in primary molars
No full textIntroduction: Sealants prevent the development of dental caries by forming a protective barrier that reduces bacterial growth and food retention. The morphology of the pits and fissures and the material of the sealant can affect the depth to which it penetrates into the fissures and the longevity and durability of the sealant. Aim: To compare the depth of penetration into fissures and pits of different types of sealants in primary molars using micro-CT assessment. Material and methods: Forty intact primary molars were extracted just prior to their physiologic exfoliation. They were sealed with glass ionomer cement (GIC) and resin sealant. The samples were scanned with a desktop X-ray microtomograph. The fissure profile, sealant penetration depth, and depth of the unfilled part of the fissure were measured. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The median penetration depth of GIC was 89% (IQR 81.31%–100.00%) in U-type fissures and 66% (IQR 55.64%–76.77%) in V-type fissures. The deepest median penetration with resin sealant was found in U-type fissures 89% (IQR 73.16%–100.00%) and the shallowest median depth was found in IK-type fissures 34% (IQR 25.39%–41.73%). Penetration depths ranged from 34% to 43% in the I and IK fissure types. No statistically significant difference was found in the penetration of the two types of sealants in the different types of fissures (p>0.05), except for those classified as other types. There, a significantly greater depth of penetration was found in the group of teeth sealed with GIC - median 56%, compared to the resin sealant, which reached only 40% of the fissure depth (p=0.003). Conclusion: The morphology of the fissure plays a more important role in determining the depth to which the sealant will penetrate the fissure than the type of sealant material used
Enhanced methods fulfilling early discharge criteria for total hip and knee arthroplasty patients
No full textIntroduction: Enhanced recovery strategies have resulted in significant reductions in length of hospitalization and postoperative morbidity in total hip (THA) and total knee (TKA) arthroplasties. The success and safety of the arthroplasties are characterized by the establishment of evidence-based criteria, which offer safe hospitalization and postoperative care. Aim: The objective of the present survey was to investigate components related to fast-track recovery, discharge criteria, delayed discharge, complications, and readmissions. Materials and methods: The following methods were employed: the ASA grade, the Charlson index, the neuropathic pain (DN4) questionnaire, and the patient health (PHQ-9) questionnaire. Additionally, the study included an examination of comorbidities, hospitalization, era deliver discharge standards, and 90-day readmission. The visual analogue pain scale, complications, and demographics were also examined in the retrospective study for the research. The study was conducted f om November 2017 to January 2020. Results: Two hundred and thirty-five patients underwent TKA (n=134) and THA (n=101), the mean age was 68±8.7 years and BMI was 32.4±5.4 kg/m2. On average, the patients had 1.6±1.1 comorbidities, the Charlson index was 2.4±1.3 and the ASA grade was 2.1±0.5. The exit rules were attained at 1.9±0.75 days postoperatively. However, the actual infirmary care was 3.06±1.01 days, with a waiting span of 62.5% or 1.2 days. THA succeeded in departure principles more quickly (1.8 days vs. 2 days for TKA). Sex (p=0.04), age (p=0.009), and the Charlson index (p=0.046) were strongly related to the instant to fulfil the release norm in the TKA. While in THA, the length of ward stay was statistically significant and correlated with both age (p=0.05) and the Charlson index (p=0.05). In addition, the superPATH approach had a strong effect on the consummation of the delivery measures (1.48 days vs. 1.89 days for the Hardinge approach) (p=0.002) and shorter treatment (p=0.04). Conclusion: Achieving safe release goals and reducing hospitalization were associated with modifiable (superPATH approach) and unmodifiable (age, sex, and Charlson index) foretold agents. These indexes could offer reproducible results with limitation of postoperative complications, morbidity, and readmissions
The impact of diastema on the articulation of speech sounds
No full textIntroduction: The faculty of speech in humans is a distinguishing trait that sets them apart from all other biological species. Speech production is typically achieved through the processes of phonation and articulation. The acoustic method of studying speech is an individual auditory approach based on hearing as a biological analyzer. Aim: The present study aims to conduct a speech assessment of patients with single frontal maxillary defects, divided into two stages: an initial speech assessment before prosthetic treatment and a secondary speech assessment after temporary prosthetic restorations. The study will also investigate the factors influencing the improvement of sound articulation. Materials and methods: A total of 40 patients (17 men and 23 women) with diastema and healthy vocal cords were included in the study for primary and secondary speech assessments. 60 speech therapy indicators were examined. Results: In our study, improvement was observed in 30 out of 60 speech therapy indicators. The greatest improvement was noted in the pronunciation of alveolodental consonants (‘S’, ‘TS’, ‘L’). A moderate negative linear correlation suggested that as age increased, the degree of improvement decreased (p=0.343). Conclusions: The distortion of consonants in Bulgarian among patients with diastema remains within normal parameters. The richness of sounds in the Bulgarian language, in conjunction with the capabilities of contemporary dental prosthetics, underscores the necessity for subsequent in-depth studies of speech function following prosthetic rehabilitation in future research with a larger sample size
Review of the genera and subgenera of the subtribe Aspilotina (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae), with a new illustrated key
No full textThe genera and subgenera of the subtribe Aspilotina are reviewed. A new illustrated key to all accepted supraspecies taxa is provided. Grandilota Fischer, 2002, stat. nov. is proposed as subgenus of Aspilota Foerster, 1863. Carinthilota Fischer, 1975, syn. nov. is synonymised with Alitha Cameron, 1906, stat. nov. and the latter is treated as subgenus of Dinotrema Foerster, 1863; Eudinostigma Tobias, 1986, syn. nov. is considered a synonym of Dinotrema Foerster, 1863. Moreover, the new subgenus Pseudoprosapha subgen. nov. (type species: Dinostigma stenosoma van Achterberg, 1988) is described. Additionally, Synaldotrema Belokobylskij & Tobias, 2002, stat. nov. is treated as a separate genus. The following new combinations are proposed: Aspilota (Aspilota) ruficollis Stelfox & Graham, 1950, comb. nov., Dinotrema (Alitha) lada (Belokobylskij, 1998), comb. nov., D. (A.) longipennis (Cameron, 1906), comb. nov., D. (A.) mavka (Belokobylskij, 1998), comb. nov., D. (A.) parapsidalis (Fischer, 1975), comb. nov., D. (A.) vechti (van Achterberg, 1988), comb. nov., Dinotrema (Dinotrema) alox (van Achterberg, 1988), comb. nov., D. (D.) entabeniense (Fischer, 2009), comb. nov., D. (D.) latum (Chen & Wu, 1994), comb. nov., D. (D.) planiceps (Fischer, Tormos & Pardo, 2006), comb. nov., D. (D.) subpulvinatum (Fischer, 2009), comb. nov., D. (Pseudoprosapha) stenosoma (van Achterberg, 1988), comb. nov., D. (Synaldis) bienesae (Fischer, Tormos & Pardo, 2006), comb. nov., D. (S.) fischeri (Tobias, 1986), comb. nov., D. (S.) latistigma (Fischer, 1962), comb. nov., D. (S.) planiceps (Fischer, Tormos & Pardo, 2006), comb. nov., D. (Synaldis) cespitator (Belokobylskij, 2004), comb. nov., D. (S.) perfidum (Fischer, 1970), comb. nov., D. (S.) trematosum (Fischer, 1967), comb. nov. and Panerema fulvicornis (Haliday, 1838), comb. nov
Antioxidant activity of polyphenols and permissible values of glyphosate in artisanal wines from the Pisco Routes of the Ica Valley, Peru
No full textThe major production of artisanal and industrial wines is elaborate in the Ica Valley, Peru. The objective was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of polyphenols and permissible values of glyphosate in artisanal wines from the Pisco Routes of the Ica Valley, Peru. Samples: six coded artisanal wines and two commercial brands as references (60088 and 60089). Total polyphenol content (TPC) was found between 107.90 ± 0.30 (60091) and 234.73 ± 0.61 mg GAE/100 mL (60084); total flavonoid content (TFC) was between 9.70 ± 0.30 (60091) and 16.83 ± 0.25 mg QE/100 mL (60084). Antioxidant activity: DPPH between 34.9 ± 0.44 (60091) and 55.6 ± 0.30 mM TEAC/100 mL (60085). FRAP between 42.50 ± 0.36 (60091) and 117.3 ± 0.44 (60085). Correlation relationship: TPC/DPPH (mM TEAC/100 mL) for 60086 (r = 0.7302, R2 = 0.5332), 60091 (r = 0.8029, R2 = 0.6447), 60085 (r = -0.9820, R2 = 0.9643), and for the reference 60089 (r = -0.9960, R2 = 0.9932). TPC/FRAP (mM TEAC/100 mL) for 60086 (r = 0.8096, R2 = 0.6554); reference 60088 presents an inverse and strong correlation with a 100% relationship at a linear level of both variables. TFC/DPPH for 60085 (r = -1.0, R2 = 1.0), 60084 (r = -0.9934, R2 = 0.9868), and 60090 (r = 0.9586, R2 = 0.9190). TFC/FRAP for 60087 (r = -0.9798, R2 = 0.9601) and 60090 (r = 0.9750, R2 = 0.9506) is higher compared to the reference wines 60088 and 60089. It is concluded that the samples of artisanal wines have the same antioxidant activity that would be due to their polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds, and the glyphosate content is below the maximum permissible limit values (0.1 mg/L)
Energy-aware Application Mapping onto 3D Mesh-Based Network-on-Chip using Heuristic Mapping Algorithms
No full textNetwork-on-chip (NoC) architectures have emerged as a potential solution for facilitating communication between processing elements (PEs) in modern multi-core systems. The design and optimization of NoC architectures are critical for achieving efficient communication, reduced energy consumption, and improved overall system performance. In this study, we investigate and compare the performance of two prominent optimization algorithms, like Genetic Algorithm (GA) and CastNet Algorithm, for 2D and 3D mesh NoC architectures. The study’s objective is to estimate these algorithms’ effectiveness in optimizing communication cost, communication energy, and CPU run time in both 2D and 3D mesh NoC architectures. Performance metrics such as communication cost, communication energy consumption, and CPU run time are measured and compared between the two algorithms and carried out on real and custom benchmark applications like MWD, VOPD and MPEG4