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Revisiting the genus Nodularia (Bivalvia, Unionidae): Mitochondrial phylogenomics and the description of a new species
No full textThe genus Nodularia poses a significant challenge to traditional species classification and identification due to its highly convergent and variable shells, rendering it one of the most intricate groups within the family Unionidae. Fortunately, significant progress has been made by researchers in recent years regarding the species validity and the phylogeny of this group based on molecular data. However, the inadequate exploration of regional constraints and inherent limitations in research methodologies remains a crucial factor contributing to the underestimation of species diversity. In this study, a new species of freshwater mussel from the Qingshui River in Nanning City, Guangxi Province, China, Nodularia guiensis sp. nov., is described based on shell morphology, anatomical characters, and molecular phylogenetics. Mitochondrial phylogenomic analyses reveal the following phylogenetic relationships: (((Nodularia hanensis + Nodularia micheloti) + Nodularia dorri) + (Nodularia breviconcha + (Nodularia huana + (Nodularia fusiformans + (Nodularia guiensis sp. nov. + ((Nodularia nuxpersicae + Nodularia nipponensis) + (Nodularia dualobtusus + Nodularia douglasiae))))))). The discovery of this new taxon further enhances the diversity level within the genus Nodularia in China and also highlights the necessity for comprehensive surveys of unexplored regions in order to potentially unveil additional new taxa in the future
Sufetula culshawi sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Lathrotelinae): a previously unrecognised species affecting cultivated palms
No full textA new species of the pantropical genus Sufetula Walker, 1859 (Crambidae: Lathrotelinae) is described. A male specimen was found by Martin Culshaw as an accidental import in Stirlingshire, Scotland, whilst a female specimen was later found in the Natural History Museum collections, which had been reared in southernmost Kyushu, at Ibusuki, Japan. These specimens do not match externally the 31 currently accepted described species in the genus. We obtained a full 658 bp DNA barcode from both specimens (together with all of COI from the Japanese exemplar) that confirmed their conspecificity but showing at least 7.49% p-distance from any presently existing cluster. Phylogenetic analysis, including 14 other exemplars with DNA barcodes from BOLD/GenBank, failed to place the new taxon with any existing lathroteline species group. The Japanese specimen was reared from the roots of an Areca Palm Chrysalidocarpus lutescens Wendland in 1987, whilst the specimen imported to Scotland may have emerged from the same species. This information suggests that the new species is a previously unrecognised coloniser of horticulturally imported palms. Currently we cannot rule out the hypothesis that the species is native to habitats containing palms in the southern Japanese islands, and further specimens should be searched for in collections and in the wild. However, INaturalist images externally diagnostic for the species suggest it is widespread in South East Asia
Going Dutch: Invasion pathways and current European distribution of non-native land flatworm species belonging to Geoplaninae and Bipaliinae with focus on the Netherlands
No full textNon-native land flatworms can have a negative impact on local ecosystems, due to their ferociousness in hunting earthworms or snails. Accurate knowledge on the distribution of non-native populations of land flatworms is necessary to design effective policy to control their spread across Europe. The aim of this study is to address the spatiotemportal distribution of selected species of non-native land flatworms (Geoplaninae and Bipaliinae) in the Netherlands, and provide their current distribution and introduction pathways in a pan-European perspective.Specimens of Obama spp., Bipalium kewense and Diversibipalium multilineatum were reported across selected Dutch gardens, greenhouses, plant nurseries or garden centers. European distribution of these planarians species was reconstructed using previously published datasets and from records available on GBIF. Morphological species identification was supported by DNA barcoding using a portion of the 28S rDNA marker. Introduction pathways were addressed via haplotype networks based on COX1 mtDNA.In total, 27 specimens of non-native land flatworms were collected in the Netherlands. Their different spatiotemporal distribution pattern indicates differences in tolerance to environmental conditions in Northern Europe between B. kewense restricted to greenhouses and D. multilineatum found in gardens. Generally, an increasing trend in the number of total records of O. nungara is observed in the Netherlands and in Europe, with the highest number of records per country reported in France (1.428) followed by the Netherlands (150) and Italy (64). The high numbers of France are however artificial and originate from communication towards the public, which has not been as pronounced in other European countries. Genetic analyses suggest multiple introductions of O. nungara in Europe. Combination of morphological and molecular species identification revealed the presence of Obama anthropophila being the first record of this species outside its native range in Brazil. Our results further support the established status of these species in Europe and highlight the importance of citizen scientists in invasive species research
First release of the European marine omics biodiversity observation network (EMO BON) shotgun metagenomics data from water and sediment samples
No full textThe European Marine Omics Biodiversity Observation Network (EMO BON) is an initiative of the European Marine Biological Resource Centre (EMBRC) to establish a persistent genomic observatory among designated European coastal marine sites, sharing the same protocols for sampling and data curation. Environmental samples are collected from the water column, and at some sites, soft sediments and hard substrates (Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures - ARMS), together with a set of mandatory and discretionary metadata (including Essential Ocean Variables - EOVs). Samples are collected following standardized protocols at regular and specified intervals, and sequenced in large six-monthly batches at a centralized sequencing facility. The use of standard operating procedures (SOPs) during data collection, library preparation and sequencing aims to provide uniformity among the data collected from the sites, coupled with strict adherence to open and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data principles, ensures maximum comparability among samples and enhance reusability and interoperability of the data with other data sources. The observatory network was launced in June 2021, when the first sampling campaign took place
New records of sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) feeding on leaves of birch (Betula sp.) in Slovakia
No full textNew data on the distribution of 11 Symphyta species phyllophagous on birch trees (Betula L.) are presented. Dineura virididorsata (Retzius, 1783), Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fallén, 1808), Nematinus caledonicus (Cameron, 1882), Pamphilius varius (Audinet-Serville, 1823), and Pristiphora alpestris (Konow, 1903) are reported from Slovakia for the first time. The little-known Allantus cingillum (Klug, 1814), Euura ampla (Konow, 1895), E. leionota (Benson, 1933), Profenusa thomsoni (Konow, 1886), Trichiosoma lucorum (Linnaeus, 1758), and T. vitellina (Linnaeus, 1761) were found in Slovakia, either after many decades or for the second time
New records of Scomberoides tala (Cuvier, 1832), Barred Queenfish (Actinopterygii, Carangiformes, Carangidae), from southwestern Taiwan
No full textSpecimens of Scomberoides tala (Cuvier, 1832) were collected from southwestern Taiwan in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. While this species has been documented in other regions of the northwestern Pacific, our specimens mark its first recorded occurrence in Taiwan, bridging a previously identified distribution gap in this region. Additionally, we suggest that the distribution of this species may be shifting northward, potentially driven by global warming, as the northern records were reported rather recently
200 years of Darwin wasp research (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in Southern Lower Saxony (Germany) with an annotated checklist
No full textA wide range of data was compiled from literature, insect collections and citizen science data with the aim to create an initial and preliminary regional checklist of Ichneumonid wasps for Southern Lower Saxony. In total, 1811 records of 876 Ichneumonid species were found, including 260 unpublished species records. The records originate from the last two centuries, two thirds being made in the last 90 years. The majority of data was collected by renowned Ichneumonid experts like Carl Gravenhorst, Erich Bauer and Rolf Hinz, but also by other scientists conducting surveys on ecological topics. Based on the compiled data, six Darwin wasp species could be added to the German Darwin wasp list, namely: Camposcopus ruficoxis (Schnee and Shaw, in prep.), Coleocentrus soleatus (Gravenhorst, 1829), Netelia contiguator Delrio, 1975, Netelia silvahercynia Theunert, 2021, Proclitus heterocerus (Thomson, 1888) and Tycherus acutus (Gravenhorst, 1829). It can be assumed that the communities of Darwin wasps in the two main natural regions in Southern Lower Saxony, the Weser-Leine Uplands and Harz Mountains, differ in their composition, but this cannot be confirmed with certainty due to the low resolution and the different scope of the data. Apart from poorly studied locations, future surveys should focus on under-sampled habitats and include unrevised material to expand this regional checklist and give detailed information on habitat associations of Darwin wasp species
Phylogenetic studies on the genus Candolleomyces (Psathyrellaceae, Basidiomycota) occurring in the bed of the Indus River, Punjab, Pakistan, reveal three new species
No full textDuring macrofungal surveys in 2019–2024, several specimens belonging to the family Psathyrellaceae were collected from the bed of the Indus River, Punjab, Pakistan. Phylogenetic analyses, based on ITS, LSU, and tef-1α sequences and morpho-anatomical study, confirmed the novelty and placement of three taxa in the genus Candolleomyces. They are described as Candolleomyces crenatus, C. undulatus, and C. virgatus. For distinguishing characters, C. crenatus has crenate cap margins, small basidiospores, and a marginate base of stipe. Candolleomyces undulatus has parabolic to campanulate, wavy margins, light purplish gray with a light brownish gray center of pileus, and an appendiculate, pendant annulus. Candolleomyces virgatus has a parabolic to plane, distinct umbo, a virgate surface of pileus, 1–7 tiers, forking lamellae, and longitudinal striation on the surface of the stipe. Currently, Candolleomyces comprises 60 formally recognized species worldwide. However, with the inclusion of these three species, the total number rises to 63. Detailed descriptions, a phylogenetic estimate, morphological comparisons, and illustrations are provided
Morphometric parameters of seeds as a practical method for identifying rare species of the genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) from East Kazakhstan region
No full textThe genus Tulipa includes some of the most important ornamental plants. The aim of this work was to study the seed morphology of Tulipa species from East Kazakhstan, including seed coat structure. An analysis focused on five taxa from various natural environmental conditions. A total of 31 tulip populations were studied to establish morphological variability. Preliminary analyses of the importance of habitat-related ecological factors have been carried out. The results of this study provide new qualitative characteristics for distinguishing closely related species and are discussed in relation to their systematic relationships. The structure of the seed coat was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy; however, the results did not show significant variability. An identification key to determine the species of tulips in East Kazakhstan is proposed
Investigating a hybrid mixed population leads to recognizing a new species of Arctostaphylos (Ericaceae)
No full textWhile investigating the potential for Arctostaphylos species to hybridize in the mixed populations of Point Sal and Burton Mesa in Santa Barbara County, California, we discovered that Arctostaphylos from the Nipomo Mesa (San Luis Obispo County), formerly considered a northern population of A. rudis, are genetically and morphologically distinct. We name this new taxon A. nipumu after the ytt (Northern Chumash language) word for the Nipomo Mesa region. For morphological and molecular analyses, we sampled 54 plants, focusing on A. purissima, A. rudis, and A. crustacea from multiple species and comparative single species populations. Parametric and nonparametric clustering analyses (STRUCTURE and PCA) of ddRADseq data show that Arctostaphylos from the Nipomo Mesa segregate from all other samples in the dataset. In mixed populations A. purissima and A. crustacea samples cluster with samples from other unmixed populations of the same species but A. rudis samples form two distinct clusters. One is composed of the mixed populations in Santa Barbara County, and the other consists of the Nipomo Mesa population. Additionally, the Santa Barbara County A. rudis samples are admixed in STRUCTURE analysis unlike the samples from the Nipomo Mesa. A principal component analysis of eight morphological characters shows that A. rudis individuals from Santa Barbara County tend to be phenotypically variable, occurring in a wide morphological cluster that overlaps with the tight clusters formed by A. purissima, A. crustacea, and Arctostaphylos from the Nipomo Mesa. Based on this evidence we describe the Nipomo Mesapopulation as a new species of Arctostaphylos. Given its limited and fragmented distribution we believe that A. nipumu is of critical conservation concern