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The Prophet\u27s Medicine: How Mormon Doctrine and Medical Practices Evolved Along the American Frontier
No full textJoseph Smith rejected both the religious and medical orthodoxies of his day and developed his own theological systems while learning to rely solely on herbs for his medical care. His medical convictions regarding herbal medicine were as authoritative and binding for Mormons to practice as his religious revelations. However, by the time Brigham Young had become leader of the Mormons, regular medicine had become both modern and superior to other medical practices, including the Mormons’ herbal medicine. Though the use of herbal medicine had been codified into religious law by Smith, the benefits and availability of modern medicine earned the preference of his later followers
The Métis and the Manifest Destiny of the Canadian Northwest
No full textAs the United States, hoping to pursue “Manifest Destiny,” attempted to expand until North America truly was the “American” continent, the newly formed Dominion of Canada, ever fearful of its expanding neighbor to the south, tried to cobble together a trans-continental nation and forge its own unique identity and destiny. These two competing impulses came to a head in the long neglected Métis Red River Rebellion of 1869–1870 which sealed the future of the North American continent
E. Fay Jones’ Boar’s Tusk
No full text“A boar’s tusk carried in the pocket is said to relieve toothache, if the bad tooth is on the right side, carry the tusk in the right-hand pocket; If on the left, carry it in the left-hand pocket...”
This boars’ tusk was originally found in a trunk alongside belongings of the prominent architect and Razorback legend Euine Fay Jones upon his return from duty in World War II. Donated by Jones’ daughter, Cami, in 2017, the boars’ tusks can likely be attributed to a feral pig (Sus scrofa L.)1, an invasive species containing the DNA of both the Asiatic and the European wild boar in the South Pacific. While it is unknown how the gnarled appendages came into Jones’ possession, the tusks could have been collected during Jones’ tour and perhaps might have even acted as a reminder of home. Randolph suggests within the 1933 issue of The American Journal of Folklore, that wild boars’ tusks were historically used as a medicinal remedy in the hills of the Ozarks for toothaches and in some instances venereal disease.2 While differing in exact breed from South Pacific boars, Eurasian boars have been invasive to the region of the Ozarks as far back as the early 1500s when they were introduced by early colonizers and used for sport hunting.3
1 Wehr, Nathaniel H., Steven C. Hess, and Creighton M. Litton. “Biology and Impacts of Pacific Islands Invasive Species. 14. Sus Scrofa the Feral Pig (Artiodactyla: Suidae).” Pacific Science, April 30, 2018. https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70197481.
2 Randolph, Vance. “Ozark Superstitions.” The American Journal of Folklore 46, no. 179, March 1933.
3 Zellers, Randy. “Arkansas Battles Feral Hog Invasion: A Timeline of Eradication Efforts • Arkansas Game & Fish Commission.” Arkansas Game & Fish Commission, May 30, 2025. https://www.agfc.com/news/arkansas- battles-feral-hog-invasion-a-timeline-of-eradication-efforts/.https://scholarworks.uark.edu/uamucc/1000/thumbnail.jp
Pink Silk Dress/Butterfly
No full text“When a mountain girl wants a new dress, she catches a butterfly of the desired color, and crushes it between her teeth...”
Given to the University’s Museum by Mrs. B.J. Wade, this pink flowered sprigged dress possibly dates to the early 1900s and could be worn in a variety of settings; including the possibility of “Play Parties.” “Play Parties” are described by Mary Celestia Parler in CBS’ The Search: Folklore in Arkansas as similar to a dance, consisting of folksong instead of instrumentals, hand-swings rather than waist swings and a game that is directed through song.9While this specific garment may not have been worn for events such as this, one thing that remains to be true across cultures and generations is the desire to don a new outfit for a special occasion. Randolph’s conversations with community members proves this to be true as the saying goes, “When a mountain girl wants a new dress, she catches a butterfly of the desired color and crushes it between her teeth...”10
9 Parler, Mary Celestia. “CBS’ The Search: Arkansas.” YouTube, 1950. https://youtu.be/0JX5vQFDln4?si=4lRyBQw26nkPYzED.
10 Randolph, Vance. “Ozark Superstitions.” The American Journal of Folklore 46, no. 179, March 1933.https://scholarworks.uark.edu/uamucc/1004/thumbnail.jp
Time-Interleaved SAR ADC in 22nm FD-SOI CMOS
No full textThe advent of large language models [1] brought awareness to the importance of advances in high-performance computing and neural network algorithm design. These systems rely upon highly networked accelerator ASICs made on advanced nodes such as TSMC 4N, with NVIDA’s H100 having 80 billion transistors on-die [2]. However, the millions of parameters needed to arrive at satisfactory performance require massive parallelization of processing. This demands high-throughput networking, both from chip-to-chip and rack-to-rack. Currently, x86-type servers use 5-6 Ethernet switch ports per server, while typical AI/ML servers need 12+ ports [20]. Often, memory access and networking throughput can limit the overall performance of the system. Serializer/de-serializer (serDes) electrical and optical links are the primary way data is moved at high volume between these devices. Time-interleaved data converter-based receivers with digital equalization have led to electrical links with speeds up to 220Gb/s [3]. As this thesis will demonstrate via system modeling, they are robust over a higher channel loss. These receivers are implemented on highly scaled CMOS nodes of the accelerators. CMOS nodes below and at 28nm offer a unique set of design trade-offs when compared to long-channel CMOS. The design of mixed-signal circuits can make use of fast, efficient digital signal processing to reduce the performance requirements of analog circuits. On the other hand, a low supply voltage makes traditional linear amplification techniques challenging. Due to these constraints, the serial approximation register ADC has become advantageous, since it primarily consists of switches, latches, and capacitors, which all scale well in nanometer CMOS, however, this scaling does not include linear amplification. Serial approximation register (SAR) ADCs are well-suited to medium precision and medium speed applications, and have a high power efficiency. For these reasons, power and area-efficient SAR ADCs that can be arrayed easily for time-interleaving are of high interest
Mechanistic Understanding of Virus Retention during Virus Filtration for the Downstream Purification of Therapeutic Proteins
No full textEnsuring viral safety is critical in the production of biotherapeutics derived from mammalian cell cultures. Virus filtration (VF) is a critical step in downstream bioprocessing, designed to remove potential viral contaminants while maintaining product yield and quality. However, virus retention efficiency can be influenced by process conditions, protein interactions, and membrane fouling mechanisms. This dissertation explores the mechanisms of virus retention in commercial virus filters and examines the effects of process pauses and protein fouling. In addition to virus filtration, this dissertation also evaluates Anion exchange Chromatography (AEX), which evaluates alternative AEX, such as AEX membrane and multimodal AEX membrane. The study used confocal laser scanning microscopy to visualize virus retention, providing direct insights into the retention behaviors of Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) in various feed conditions. Findings from this research offer better mechanistic understanding into virus filtration and alternative virus clearance methods, contributing to enhanced process robustness in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. In Chapter 2, virus filtration was conducted to investigate the impact of process pauses and different protein solutions on virus retention behavior within Planova™ series virus filters (20N, S20N, and BioEX) under constant flux (75 LMH) with high throughput. Confocal microscopy was used to image the fluorescently labeled MVM and ImageJ was used to plot the retention profiles. Each membrane with distinct membrane structures shows different virus retention profiles. The results demonstrate that process pauses effects promote deeper viral migration within membranes due to Brownian motion by diffusion. BSA-induced fouling significantly shifts and broadens retention profiles, indicating severe fouling effects and pore blockage. Conversely, mAb feeds, with minimal aggregates, result in minor retention shifts, primarily via adsorption-related pore narrowing. Building upon the findings presented in Chapter 2, the next Chapter 3 systematically explores the impact of flow dynamics (constant flux vs. constant pressure) on virus retention across three virus filters. Filtration experiments were performed under constant pressure at 0.1 MPa and constant flux conditions identical to those described previously. Confocal microscopy and retention profiles revealed that virus retention inside the membrane was significantly influenced by convective and diffusive transport mechanisms, which can be quantified by Peclet number. Under constant pressure, membrane fouling, particularly in the BSA feeds, worsens the localized virus retention through mechanisms of pore blockage and diffusion. This research provides mechanistic understanding into the impacts of membrane structure, filtration dynamics, protein feeds with different aggregates level and process pause on the virus retention behaviors. In addition to virus filtration, alternative virus clearance strategies, AEX, were investigated in this dissertation. Membrane chromatography provides notable advantages over traditional packed-bed chromatography, including higher achievable flow rates and reduced mass transfer limitations. Chapter 4 compares the MVM clearance performance of membrane adsorbers and conventional resin-based AEX columns in different protein feed solutions. AEX membrane exhibited better virus removal efficiency across varying flow conditions and maintained robust clearance even with feeds containing high impurity levels, demonstrating its promising potential as a viable alternative to traditional chromatography. Furthermore, recognizing the limitation posed by high salt concentrations on traditional AEX chromatography, chapter 5 evaluates multimodal membrane chromatography for virus removal during monoclonal antibody purification. The results highlight that multimodal membranes significantly enhance virus retention compared to conventional AEX membranes, thereby providing an effective, robust, and scalable approach for virus clearance