UARK (University of Arkansas )
Not a member yet
19829 research outputs found
Sort by
Comparing Spatiotemporal Gait Measures and Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores-12 Through Gait Analysis of Individuals with Hip Osteoarthritis
Get PDFHip osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease that leads to degenerative damage surrounding the femoroacetabular joint, which can manifest as degraded cartilage and increased inflammation at the joint site. There are several methods physician’s use to measure a patient\u27s condition, and our study looks at one called the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-12, or HOOS-12. This is a patient-reported outcome measure where patients can self-report their pain and level of dysfunction in relation to their hip osteoarthritis. This study investigates the association between the participants’ HOOS-12 scores and objective gait characteristics measured via a portable pressure sensing walkway. At community-events, individuals filled out a general health survey to screen for hip OA and if the participant selected hip OA, they were directed to the HOOS-12 survey. After the questionnaire, we measured participants’ gait characteristics, including gait velocity, stride length, and double support percentage during a self-selected walking assessment. I hypothesized participants with low HOOS-12 scores, indicating more pain and discomfort, would have slower gait velocities, shorter stride lengths, and larger double support percentage, and participants with high HOOS-12 scores would display the opposite. However, this study found no correlation between HOOS-12 scores, and the gait velocity, stride length, or double support percentage. These unexpected results could be due to the idea that studies conducted in a lab environment tend to yield different results than a normal environment. This may explain why our study, conducted in the community, differs from prior research conducted in the laboratory setting. Additionally, our participants appeared quite debilitated, indicated by their slow gait velocities, which can be an indicator of mortality. A limitation of the study is the small sample size (n=11). Overall, more research is needed to determine whether a correlation exists between HOOS-12 scores and gait characteristics of individuals with hip OA
Parental Expectations on Pediatric Care for Children
Get PDFChildhood pediatrics is a major factor for a full and healthy childhood for all children from adolescence to adulthood. However, the physical health aspect has been the main focus through most primary care clinics and hardly focuses on the mental health side. Mental health issues which involve anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress are more prominent than they have ever been, as up to 30% of children have experienced mental health issues such as posttraumatic stress disorder, especially in recent pandemic years (Meherali et al., 2021). This study employed a non-experimental, quantitative analysis utilizing online close-ended survey questions. The type of survey chosen for this study was an anonymous, self-reporting survey due to the nature of the questions being asked about their children’s healthcare. Compared to previous studies, this study found that parents believe that their pediatricians can make accurate evaluations related to health concerns for children, but are skeptical of evaluations in other health areas, such as mental health. For example, 42.9% of parents believed their child’s pediatric physician could make an accurate evaluation on their child’s mental health. Through this research, the opportunity has arisen to amplify areas that need improvement in pediatrics. The researcher wanted to make it a goal to understand what parents expect for their children and what type of care they desire to make sure that their children are healthy in every way possible. The researcher was able to obtain results that accurately represented the need for a further understanding of mental health in pediatrics
Glufosinate Additive For Improved Weed Control
Get PDFDisclosed herein is a herbicide and methods for the control of a grass or a broadleaf weed in a crop. The herbicide comprises an effective amount glufosinate, or a salt thereof, and an effective amount of a metabolic inhibitor
Nectarine Tree Named ‘A-662CN’
Get PDFA new and distinct nectarine tree named ‘A-662CN’ which originated from a hand-pollinated cross of ‘A-421CN’ nectarine (female parent; unreleased breeding selection) x ‘A-334CN’ nectarine (male parent; unreleased breeding selection) made in 1993 is described. This new nectarine tree cultivar can be distinguished by its yellow, standard-acid, firm flesh, early-season ripening, high soluble solids content, outstanding flavor, good postharvest performance, and moderate tolerance to bacterial spot
Comparative Analysis of Legal Systems: Unraveling the Key Distinctions Between the United States and Spain
Get PDFThis paper explores the key differences between self-defense laws in the United States and Spain, two countries with distinct legal frameworks. In the U.S., self-defense is governed by a variety of laws that discuss the scope of reasonable force and apply this framework on the basis of precedent. In contrast, Spain, under the Civil Code, applies a more unified approach to self- defense
Language Sample Analysis in Preschool-age Children at-risk for Speech Sound Disorders
Get PDFIntroduction: Language sample analysis is a highly beneficial tool that speech-language pathologists can utilize to provide a more accurate diagnosis and treatment plan for their client. This method is particularly valuable because it assesses a child’s speech in a naturalistic form, allowing therapists to observe how the child communicates in real-world settings. Speech sound disorders account for the highest number of cases treated by speech-language pathologist in the pediatric population. This thesis aims to investigate two different types of language sample analysis software, CLAN and SALT, as well as their benefits and limitations in diagnosing speech sound disorders. Understanding the use, strengths, and weaknesses of these programs could help speech-language pathologists make more informed decisions, leading to individualization of treatment methods and ultimately resulting in more effective treatment outcomes for children with speech sound disorders.
Methods: The research and data collection for this thesis were conducted at Old Farmington Road HeadStart Center in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Data were collected from a single participant over four months. The participant was a four-year-old female suspected of having an articulation disorder. Open-ended questions were used during a conversation-based session between the participant and examiner. The language sample was then transcribed using both SALT and CLAN databases. The transcription, coding, and analysis procedures to the time spent using each software. The results from the software analyses were then examined to aid in determining a diagnosis and therapy plan for the participant.
Results: Both language sampling software’s produced similar results for the child with a potential speech sound disorder. It was shown that her Type Token Ratio (TTR) and repetition of words were above average, while mean length of utterances (MLU) in words and intelligible words were below average. However, her number of total words (NTW) and response to questions remained higher than others her same age.
Conclusion: Overall, the findings indicate that language sample analysis is a highly beneficial tool for influencing effective diagnosis and therapy plans for speech sound disorders. The naturalistic setting allows therapists to observe how children communicate in real-world situations and identify areas of difficulty. However, its practical use for speech-language pathologist remains a consideration. Both software programs were found to be challenging to learn and master in a short period of time. Additionally, the time required to generate an analysis is not practical for a speech-language pathologist managing large case load. It was concluded that future studies should investigate the integration of accurate speech-to-text functionality and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to reduce the time required for transcription and coding
Ecological Interactions of Large Mammals in Luangwa, Zambia
Get PDFThe connection between mammalian behavior in national parks and human-driven environmental change outside national parks is tenuous. National parks are often considered the last vestiges of natural space, yet they are created and maintained by humans. South Luangwa National Park (SLNP) at the southern end of the East African Rift System (EARS) is a microcosm of this global problem. EARS is a biodiverse region made up of numerous smaller branches. In the Luangwa Valley, this biodiversity has been protected through conservation historically, but dynamic geopolitical forces have affected the relationship between large mammals and humans by extracting humans to create SLNP. Understanding the mammalian diets of megafauna (e.g., large animals such as elephants \u3e44kg) in the SLNP will provide a means of understanding variation in one aspect of mammal behavior that may be affected by changing animal-human relationships. This study develops a stable isotope baseline for carbon and oxygen variation in 61 enamel specimens from nine large mammal species like hippopotamuses, elephants, and buffalo. These stable isotopes reveal information about mammal interactions with the environment. We also consider ecological changes in animal diets that may have been due to human conservation decisions or ecological change that affect mammals and humans who depend on subsistence practices in the region. For example, though the region is classified as a woodland, most of the nine mammal species sampled show diets that are classified as grazers or mixed feeders. This could represent the decrease in wooded vegetation due to poaching that occurred intensely in the past 50 years. Animals with high human animal conflicts, like hippos and lions, have high oxygen isotope variation that could indicate that they visit a wide variety of locations from inside and outside the park. This combination of ecological and historical information has implications for both human evolution, which depends on national parks to represent ecosystems that are untouched by humans, and conservation ecology
Exploring Metal Additive Manufacturing in Martian Atmospheric Environments
No full textOn-surface manufacturing is key to the success of a planetary colonization, especially that of Mars. However, traditional subtractive manufacturing processes are equipment, energy, and material intensive, meaning novel additive manufacturing (AM) processes must be pursued for this end. Selective laser melting, one of the most effective and versatile AM methods, would be incredibly beneficial to a Martian mission but requires an artificial argon atmosphere to create effective parts. The purpose of this study was to examine if carbon dioxide, the gas that makes up over 95% of Mars’ surface atmosphere, would be a sufficient substitute for argon in SLM fabrication. One- and two-dimensional SLM parts were created out of 316L steel in argon, CO2 and ambient atmospheres at a variety of laser parameters to examine the effects of atmospheric composition on ideal parameters, part surface quality, part cohesion, and oxidation effects. It was found that atmosphere had little to no effect on parameter choice and that no specific parameter had a controlling effect on part quality, but instead a balance of parameters was required to maintain thermal effects in an equilibrium range. CO2 was determined to be slightly inferior to argon in terms of surface quality, cohesion, and oxidation levels of manufactured parts, but was superior to ambient atmosphere. Additionally, carbon nanotubes at 1 wt% were incorporated into the 316L steel to test resulting effects on the tested material properties. Little to no difference in surface quality or part cohesion was examined, but oxidation levels were lowered which may lead to other superior material properties as a result of their inclusion
The Politics of Influencing: The Demand for Political Transparency in the Digital Age
Get PDFThe goal of this research is to examine the relationship between influencers, party affiliation, and the desire for political disclosure. A desire for political disclosure is the preference for social media influencers to convey their political opinions to their audience to achieve connectedness. To research this, I examined the social media use of Generation Z students, as well as the uses and gratifications of their social media use. Two hundred and sixty-five students completed a Qualtrics survey assessing these variables. Results demonstrated that Gen Z feels indifferent about knowing the political views of the influencers that they follow. However, Democratic respondents showed higher desire for disclosure than Republican respondents. The results also showed that Gen Z uses social media platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and Snapchat to feel connected to others. College students in the sample use these platforms to build relationships with people, but they are not heavily invested in the political preferences of the social media influencers that they follow
Democracy Divided: How Class Divisions Influence Political Participation and Political Attitudes in the United States
Get PDFHow does an individual\u27s socioeconomic status impact the level and type of their participation within the political realm? This research explores the many different participatory categories and behaviors within modern-day politics and examines how income, career, and social class affects participation. Using data from the American National Election Studies 2020 Time Series Study, this paper illustrates the most common forms of political engagement within the United States and displays the connection between participation and income level