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Access Denied: The Poor\u27s One-Hundred Year Long Fight for Judicial Equality
No full textThis work discusses Reginald Heber Smith\u27s Justice and the Poor and the framework that is described within to provide equal access to the judicial system. The writer posits that this goal has yet to be reached
Creating the Thomas McRae Sanitorium for Negros: Race, Contagion, and Space in Jim Crow Arkansas
No full textThe Thomas McRae Memorial Sanatorium for Negroes, located in Alexander, Arkansas, opened its doors in 1931 as the only resource for the entire state’s population of consumptive African Americans. It was touted as one of the best of its kind under the supervision of Dr Hugh A. Browne. But its “kind” was a facility intended for individuals whom whites in the medical and political establishment viewed not only as second class citizens but as biologically and medically different
Chemistry and Biochemistry Affiliated Publications: Snapshot of the Research Publications 2019-2024.
No full textThis report highlights the chemistry and biochemistry faculty publications for the period 2019-2024. It includes tables identifying the types of publications, the characteristics of the authors, inter-departmental and external cooperation, summary of the citations of the publications, and the JCR ranking of the journals in which they published
The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in College Students
No full textThis study explored the interaction effects of physical activity levels and race on college students\u27 physical and mental health, focusing on Native American students. A total of 245 students participated, categorized by physical activity levels (low, moderate, and high) and race (Native American and others). Descriptive statistics outlined the sample characteristics and physical activity behaviors. At the same time, a two-way ANOVA was conducted to assess the effects of race and physical activity on health-related quality of life, measured through physical and mental composite scores (PCS and MCS). The results revealed a significant interaction effect between race and low physical activity levels on physical health, indicating that Native American students in the low physical activity group had significantly lower PCS scores compared to their non-Native American counterparts. However, no significant main effects of race or physical activity levels on PCS scores existed. Regarding mental health, no significant differences were observed across physical activity levels or between racial groups. Similarly, the interaction between race and physical activity levels did not significantly affect mental health outcomes. These findings suggest that the relationship between physical activity and physical health may be particularly relevant for Native American students with low physical activity. In contrast, mental health outcomes remain unaffected by race or physical activity levels
Consumer Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice for Animal-Raising and Environment-Related Labeling Claims
No full textIn the fall of 2024, the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) updated its guidelines for substantiating animal-raising and environment-related claims used on meat and poultry products. The updates aim to address numerous comments and petitions from industry stakeholders by improving guidance and strengthening the documentation recommended for substantiation. While the updates included both minor and substantial revisions, the most notable addition was the strong emphasis on the inclusion of a third-party certification in the substantiating documents. The timely update comes on the heels of heightened scrutiny regarding animal-raising claims, as issues of non-compliance and agency oversight have continued to arise. Noncompliance issues raise questions about consumer trust in animal-raising and environment-related claims, as well as the value consumers place on third-party certification given agency oversight. This study explored consumer trust in nine distinct animal-raising and environment-related claim categories, as explicitly defined by the FSIS in its guidelines for claim substantiation. These claim categories include Animal Welfare, Breed, Diet, Living or Raising Conditions, Negative Antibiotic Use, Negative Hormone Use, Source or Traceability, Organic, and Environment-related. Data were collected from 1,485 respondents using a web-based survey. A best-worst scaling (BWS) approach was used to determine which animal-raising and environment-related claims were the most and least trusted; these data were examined for the entire sample and also stratified by household shopping roles and by meat consumption frequency. Additional survey questions were asked to determine knowledge of and trust in certifying agencies (e.g., USDA) and a third-party certifier. The results indicate disproportionate levels of trust across the nine different claim categories. We find that consumers trust claims about the Breed and Source/Traceability the most, while claims about Animal Welfare, Environment-related, and Living/Raising Conditions were trusted the least. However, consumers generally had low levels across all nine animal claim categories. Additionally, household food shopping roles and meat consumption frequency have little to no interpretable impact on trust. Findings also indicate that consumers primarily trust the USDA the most to certify animal-raising and environment-related labeling claims. Finally, the inclusion of a third-party certification would positively affect consumer trust. This study provides a novel contribution to the conversation of food labeling by providing quantified values of trust in food claims found on meat and poultry products. While the findings highlight issues of trust, they can be used to improve consumer understanding and confidence in animal-raising and environment-related claims through targeted interventions and enhanced labeling practices
The Intersection of Race and Nativity: Exploring Criminal Justice Contact Among Black Adults in the United States.
No full textBlack immigrants in the United States navigate a dual identity as both Black and immigrant, yet their unique experiences remain underexplored in research on immigration and crime. While prior studies have documented generational differences and negative associations between immigration and crime, the intersection of race and nativity in shaping criminal justice contact for Black immigrants is unknown. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study examines the role of race and nativity on various forms of criminal justice contact. Specifically, we investigate (1) the extent to which nativity plays a role in criminal legal contact among Black adults and (2) whether socioeconomic factors shape these relationships
Therapeutic Outcomes of Racially Matched Families and Clinicians in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with Toddlers
No full textAbstract
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an evidence-based therapy for children aged 2.5-7 with disruptive behavioral problems. In recent years, the PCIT protocol has been adapted for use as a preventative model with toddlers (PCIT-T) aged 12-24 months. Given the recency of the PCIT-T adaptation, research has not yet examined the similarity of PCIT-T attrition rates compared to PCIT, though it is speculated rates are similar (between 30-69%; Ufford et al., 2022). Previous research suggests that racial dissimilarity between a treatment provider and the family may influence treatment dropout. Therefore, the current study explored the effect of racial matching between families and providers on PCIT-T treatment outcomes (i.e., rate of attrition, sessions completed, child developmental outcomes). Participants included 173 clinicians trained in PCIT-T who delivered twice weekly sessions of PCIT-T to 216 caregiver-child dyads across the United States. Caregivers completed the Devereaux Early Childhood Assessment to assess emotional, social, and behavioral concerns at three time points. Caregiver-child dyads received PCIT-T from one provider of either the same or a different race of the caregiver. Results concluded that the attrition in the current study was consistent with other PCIT research (64%-69%). Further, regardless of racial matching, attrition and outcomes were similar across groups. PCIT-T treatment was equally effective regardless of the racial identity of the provider delivering the intervention. This suggests that clinicians had a strong therapeutic alliance with participants, and caregivers in PCIT-T faced similar issues to standard PCIT, contributing to high attrition rates.
Keywords: attrition, preventive therapy, racial matching, toddler
Ab initio studies on mechanical properties of freestanding ferroic monolayers
No full textThis thesis explores the role of mechanical properties and elastic couplings in freestanding paradigmatic ferroic monolayers within the framework of density functional theory. This dissertation is comprised of three interconnected published studies: (i) establishing the elastic behavior across a temperature-driven phase transition in SnSe monolayers; (ii) thermally-driven phase transitions in graphene-like silicene, germanene, and stanene, examining the structural stability and band gap occlusion; and (iii) magnetoelastic coupling in an Ising-like CrSiTe3 monolayer, focused on assessing magnetic contributions to the material stiffness by establishing a proper non-magnetic reference
Towards Multimodal Scene Graph Generation Approaches to Video Understanding
Get PDFThis thesis advances video understanding by enhancing Video Scene Graph Generation (VidSGG) through improved temporal modeling, the integration of long-range temporal dependencies via continuous updates to interaction histories, and the utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) for scene graph reasoning. To this end, three novel datasets and corresponding approaches are introduced. First, the ASPIRe dataset incorporates interactivity annotations and leverages the Hierarchical Interlacement Graph (HIG) for hierarchical temporal modeling, providing deep insights into scene changes and effectively capturing intricate interactions. Next, the AeroEye dataset, focusing on drone videos, is paired with the Cyclic Graph Transformer (CYCLO), which establishes circular connectivity among video frames to model direct and long-range temporal relationships. Finally, the VSGR dataset, a new large-scale benchmark for advancing scene graph reasoning tasks, is introduced. Notably, the Multimodal LLMs on a Scene HyperGraph (HyperGLM) approach integrates hypergraph-based representations with LLMs, enabling more nuanced multimodal reasoning. These contributions significantly enhance dataset diversity, strengthen relationship modeling, and improve causal reasoning in VidSGG, resulting in state-of-the-art performance