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Two Heads are Better than One: Single Pilot Operation Threatens the Safety of the Friendly Skies
Get PDFBoeing’s Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (“MCAS”), an automated piloting system, is only supposed to handle aircraft operations in very specific circumstances. Despite devasting results with MCAS, Boeing has another automated piloting system on the horizon that poses even more grave risks: Single Pilot Operation (“SPO”). Boeing—along with Airbus—wants to replace one of the pilots in the cockpit of commercial airline flights with the new SPO technology it is developing. The FAA should not allow SPO technology to be implemented because it is premature, motivated by financial gain to the detriment of safety, and ignores the importance of professional judgment in the cockpit
Spatial targeting of irrigation development and water resource management to mitigate vector-borne disease
Get PDFScaling irrigated agriculture is a global strategy to mitigate food insecurity concerns. While expanding irrigated agriculture is critical to meeting food production demands, it is important to consider how these land use and land cover changes (LULCC) may alter the water resources of landscapes and impact the spatiotemporal epidemiology of disease. Here, a generalizable method is presented to inform irrigation development decision-making aimed at increasing crop production through irrigation while simultaneously mitigating malaria risk to surrounding communities. Changes to the spatiotemporal patterns of malaria vector (Anopheles gambiae s.s.) suitability, driven by irrigated agricultural expansion, are presented for Malawi\u27s rainy and dry seasons. The methods presented may be applied to other geographical areas where sufficient irrigation and malaria prevalence data are available. Results show that approximately 8.60% and 1.78% of Malawi is maximally suitable for An. gambiae s.s. breeding in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. However, the proposed LULCC from irrigated agriculture increases the maximally suitable land area in both seasons: 15.16% (rainy) and 2.17% (dry). Proposed irrigation development sites are analyzed and ranked according to their likelihood of increasing malaria risk for those closest to the schemes. Results illustrate how geospatial information on the anticipated change to the malaria landscape driven by increasing irrigated agricultural extent can assist in altering development plans, amending policies, or reassessing water resource management strategies to mitigate expected changes in malaria risk
Not-So-Smartphone Disclosures
Get PDFThe consumer credit market, and particularly the credit card market, lacks perfect competition. Though usury laws and regulation of charges are germane to our findings, this Article focuses largely on disclosure. Specifically, we examine whether consumers understand the disclosures mandated for credit cards in the medium in which many consumers now engage in financial transactions. This Article proceeds as follows: Part I presents some basics on consumer protections for credit cards. Part II reviews the literature concerning disclosures on smartphones. Part III discusses our methodology. Part IV reports our findings. Part V suggests some normative implications
The Data Heist: Protecting Consumers and Their Information Through Opt-In Consent
Get PDFThis Comment will: (1) compare and contrast the data privacy laws in the United States and the European Union; (2) demonstrate the significant risk American consumers are subject to under the United States’ current laws and regulations; and (3) address the protections provided by the European Union’s explicit opt-in consent requirement that would ensure safer conditions for American consumers
Understanding Crop Nutrient Demand Will be Essential to Ensure Global Food Security (2024)
Get PDFUnderstanding crop nutrient demand will be essential to ensure global food security
The 3MT (Three Minute Thesis) is a research communication competition that challenges students to communicate the significance of their projects without the use of props or industry jargon in just three minutes. The winner of the 3MT competition moves on to the Council of Southern Graduate School’s Regional Conference in March 2025.https://scholarworks.uark.edu/mtsturpc/1057/thumbnail.jp
Asphalt Balanced Mix Design for the State of Arkansas (2024)
Get PDFAsphalt Balanced Mix Design for the State of Arkansas
The 3MT (Three Minute Thesis) is a research communication competition that challenges students to communicate the significance of their projects without the use of props or industry jargon in just three minutes. The winner of the 3MT competition moves on to the Council of Southern Graduate School’s Regional Conference in March 2025.https://scholarworks.uark.edu/mtsturpc/1084/thumbnail.jp
The Evolutionary Ecology Of Signal And Signal Reception Optimization, With A Focus On Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera)
No full textSignaling behaviours are ubiquitous among animals with nervous systems and govern activities as diverse as fighting, fleeing from predators, foraging, and mating. Regardless of their purpose, signals need to be effectively generated, transmitted, and received in order to elicit the intended response from a receiver. The process by which signalers and receivers adapt their behaviours, the timing of their behaviours, and their sensory physiology to maximize the likelihood of effective communication is called signal optimization. Here, I address evolutionary and behavior-ecological mechanisms of signal optimization, primarily using butterflies as model species. In Chapter I, I investigate the effect of light quality on the colors that animals across the Metazoa have evolved to see. I show that terrestrial and aquatic animals have evolved different visual physiologies, and that habitat does not influence the colors that terrestrial animals can see. I then pivot from visual signals to multi-modal signals to investigate the synchronization of courtship and antennal sensitivity in the model butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Chapter II). I found that, although male B. anynana court in the evening, female B. anynana are most sensitive to odors in the morning. Finally, I examine the drivers of the evolution of the volumes of the optic lobe medulla, antennal lobe, and mushroom body calyx volume among North American butterflies (Chapter III). Here, I find evidence of an evolutionary tradeoff between relative optic lobe medullae and antennal lobe volumes, and that dorsal wing pattern complexity drives the evolution of optic lobe medulla volume amongst male butterflies. My research provides evidence for the evolution of sensory optimization across multiple taxonomic levels, and raises intriguing questions about the role of deviating from the behavioural synchronization expected under the sensory optimization paradigm. This work will form the basis for future studies on the evolution of animal visual systems, sensory physiology, and circadian rhythmicity in signaling behaviours
Supervenience and Non-Naturalism
Get PDFSupervenience presents a problem for the moral non-naturalist. Supervenience states that one’s moral properties cannot differ without one’s natural properties differing. It, therefore, states a necessary connection between moral and natural properties. Moral properties for the moral non-naturalist are sui generis, which means they are not reducible to natural properties, but also they are utterly different in kind than natural properties and any other kind of property. How can these properties be necessarily connected? This requires an explanation. The challenge to the moral non-naturalist is to provide such an explanation. McPherson (2012) presents an explanatory challenge to the non-naturalist to explain this connection. He argues that no explanation is forthcoming, and the moral non-naturalist is saddled with an explanatory burden that is costly to her view while the moral naturalist is not. For the moral naturalist can explain the connection because moral properties are either reducible to natural properties, identical to them, or constituted by them. Thus, the moral naturalist is not saddled with any cost to her view. The argument presented here challenges McPherson’s (2012) objection. In Chapter One, I lay out McPherson’s objection and clarify the assumptions involved in it. In Chapter Two, I motivate a different response to McPherson’s objection by showing that the main non-naturalist proposals that attempt to explain the necessary connection between moral and natural properties face a dilemma. The lesson learned from this is the moral non-naturalist can change course, and instead of trying to explain the necessary connection, show that the moral naturalist has a bruteness problem too. This, I argue, reduces the explanatory burden posed by McPherson’s argument. If the moral naturalist cannot make good on the claim that they can explain the connection too, this lessens the explanatory charge aimed at the moral non-naturalist. Chapter Three considers the main naturalist proposals for explaining moral supervenience and shows they too have a brute necessary connection between moral and natural properties. In Chapter Four, I respond to objections