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The potential impact of glycine supplementation on the process of aging
Get PDFAging is a multifactorial process characterized by the progressive loss of cellular integrity, metabolic flexibility, mitochondrial function, and the gradual accumulation of oxidative and inflammatory damage. These changes increase vulnerability to age-related disorders, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative conditions, metabolic syndrome, and frailty. Glycine, the simplest amino acid, has recently gained attention as a potential nutritional and therapeutic intervention to modulate various pathways implicated in aging. Beyond its structural role in collagen and other proteins, glycine is a critical precursor for glutathione- an essential intracellular antioxidant- plays a role in neurotransmission, and is involved in the synthesis of heme, creatine, and bile acids. Emerging studies suggest that glycine supplementation may alleviate oxidative stress, dampen chronic low-grade inflammation, improve insulin sensitivity, enhance mitochondrial function, and even mimic aspects of methionine restriction- a dietary approach known to extend lifespan in animal models. These combined effects may help preserve physiological function, slow the onset of age-associated diseases, and promote healthspan. Nevertheless, the evidence base is still evolving; most current data derive from animal models, in vitro experiments, and limited human trials. Rigorous, long-term, randomized controlled studies are needed to identify optimal dosing, determine long-term safety, and clarify whether glycine can be strategically leveraged as an anti-aging nutrient. If confirmed, glycine’s safety, affordability, and accessibility may make it a compelling option for improving the quality of aging worldwide. 
Magnesium Homeostasis and Implications for Human Health: A Review of the Literature
Get PDFMagnesium ions (Mg²⁺) is a vital ion for human health, involved in numerous bodily functions, including energy production and protein synthesis. Despite its significance, serum magnesium levels are often overlooked in clinical settings, even though they can be disrupted in various health conditions. This review delves into the role of magnesium in human health and disease, highlighting its importance in key organs like the brain, heart, and muscles. Magnesium supplementation has shown promise in treating conditions such as migraine, depression, heart disease, and asthma. Recent discoveries have unveiled genetic factors, including mutations in specific genes, that can lead to magnesium deficiency. Additionally, certain medications, such as diuretics and proton pump inhibitors, can contribute to low magnesium levels. This review explores the mechanisms of magnesium regulation in the intestines, kidneys, and bones
Berberine in obesity therapy: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications
Get PDFObjective:
The study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of berberine in obesity treatment, with a particular focus on its effects on key metabolic mechanisms, inflammatory processes, and gut microbiota composition.
Materials and Methods:
This review encompasses an analysis of preclinical and clinical studies examining berberine’s mechanisms of action, including AMPK pathway activation, lipid profile regulation, white adipose tissue browning, and gut microbiota modulation. Data on berberine’s bioavailability and advanced delivery systems were also included.
Main results:
Studies demonstrate that berberine improves anthropometric parameters (BMI, waist circumference), promotes adipose tissue remodeling, and supports glycemic control. It exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, reduces inflammatory markers, and modulates gut microbiota to enhance metabolic processes. Advanced delivery systems have improved its bioavailability, enhancing clinical efficacy.
Conclusions:Berberine shows multifaceted potential as a complementary therapy for obesity, especially when combined with lifestyle interventions. It offers a safe and effective alternative for addressing this global health challenge
CLOVES Syndrome: A Review of Clinical, Genetic, and Therapeutic Aspects
Get PDFPurpose of Research: The research aims to provide an in-depth understanding of CLOVES syndrome, detailing its clinical features, epidemiology, etiology, and diagnostic criteria. It focuses on the role of PIK3CA gene mutations, challenges in diagnosis, and treatment options, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors.
Research Materials and Methods: This article is based on a review of the current literature and clinical reports from various sources. The methodology includes a collection and synthesis of clinical data, imaging findings, and genetic analyses from published case studies and medical literature. The primary materials used in the research include: clinical case reports and studies, imaging studies, genetic analysis, therapeutic interventions, epidemiological data, literature review and data analysis.
Basic Results: CLOVES syndrome affects fewer than 200 individuals worldwide, with symptoms appearing at birth or early childhood. It can lead to serious complications such as nerve compression, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Diagnosis involves genetic testing and imaging, and sirolimus shows potential in managing symptoms.
Conclusions: CLOVES syndrome is a rare, non-hereditary overgrowth disorder caused by a PIK3CA gene mutation. Early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach are vital for managing this complex condition and improving patient outcomes
Depression in Athletes: From Etiology to Intervention
Get PDFIntroduction: Depression is the leading cause of ill health and disability worldwide. It’s affecting approximately 280 million people across the globe with the highest rate between 20 and 40. It’s estimated that women are diagnosed twice as many times as men. Ethology is complex and multifactorial including genetic, psychological, social, endocrine, and immune factors, which results in abnormal biochemical changes and incorrect neurotransmission in the brain. Recent data points that physical activity reduces the risk of depression and its associated symptoms regardless of age or geographical location.
Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to analyze the available literature to examine the prevalence of depression among athletes and the unique risk factors contributing to it.
Materials and methods: Comprehensive review of the literature available on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus database by searching the keywords “depression”, “depressive disorder”, “physical activity”, “sport”, “athletes “.
Results and conclusion: Athletes are just as susceptible to depression as the general population. However, many athletes hide their symptoms and do not seek help due to stigma, fears of career repercussions and concerns about being perceived as weak. Regular screening for early signs of depression and providing access to specialized psychological support during critical stages of their careers could significantly improve depression detection and facilitate timely intervention. Destigmatizing mental health problems in the sports community is crucial to solve detection, treatment and prevention problems of depression in athletes
Rosacea pathogenesis and topical treatment options – a review
Get PDFIntroduction: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the central facial areas and eyes, with subtypes including erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular rosacea. While not life-threatening, rosacea significantly impacts quality of life, contributing to psychological distress.
Materials and methods: This article reviews the pathogenesis and treatment of rosacea, incorporating data from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using keywords such as “rosacea,” “Demodex,” “topical treatment,” and “pathogenesis.”
Summary: Rosacea is driven by multifactorial mechanisms, including neurovascular hyperreactivity, immune system dysregulation, sebaceous gland dysfunction, microbial imbalances, and genetic predisposition. Triggers like UV radiation, stress, and certain foods exacerbate symptoms by activating pathways such as transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and inflammatory mediators like IL-6 and TNF-α. Effective treatments focus on symptom management and include topical agents like ivermectin, metronidazole, azelaic acid, calcineurin inhibitors, retinoids, alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists and sodium sulfacetamide. These therapies target inflammation, erythema, and microbial factors, with clinical trials demonstrating improvements in erythema, papules, and pustules.
Conclusions: While current treatments offer significant relief, the article emphasizes the importance of further research into the underlying mechanisms to develop more advanced therapeutic options
Non-trivial uses of melatonin: Its effects on sleep, jet lag, obesity, migraine, and gastrointestinal disorders
Get PDFIntroduction and aim of the study: Melatonin consumption is steadily increasing. In this literature review, the authors intended to introduce the latest scientific evidence on the influence of the sleep hormone not only on the quality of time spent in bed and jet lag, but also to consider possible other positive impacts. Its eventual effects on headaches, gastrointestinal complaints, or obesity were analyzed.
Materials and methods: The authors searched the scientific literature utilizing search engines such as Science Direct, Cochrane, PubMed, Google Scholar, and UpToDate. The literature review focused on the association of melatonin with issues such as sleep, migraines, GERD, IBS, and jet lag.
Results: Most of the articles reviewed in this study highlighted the positive effects of melatonin supplementation on sleep problems and jet lag. Furthermore, many studies report that it likewise has a beneficial impact on conditions not directly related to sleep, such as obesity, GERD, IBS, or migraine. Nevertheless, the articles emphasize the need for further research to establish treatment protocols and to select an optimal dose
The impact of energy drinks on health of children and young adults - review of latest research
Get PDFIntroduction and purpose
Consumption of energy drinks has become popular all over the world. Energy drinks are non-alcoholic beverages that contain large amounts of caffeine, sugar, and substances like vitamins, taurine, ginseng, creatine, and guarana. The aim of our research is to present the latest data on impact of energy drinks on health of children, adolescents, and young adults.
Description of the state of knowledge
Regular consumption of energy drinks is associated with numerous adverse health effects. The main areas of impact are the cardiovascular system and the nervous system. High concentrations of caffeine - the main ingredient in energy drinks can lead to increased heart rate, increased blood pressure and heart rhythm disorders. Consuming energy drinks leads to hypertension and increased cardiovascular risk. In addition, energy drinks can cause sleep disorders, anxiety and hyperactivity. Energy drinks are characterized by a high sugar content, which promotes obesity, type 2 diabetes and tooth decay.
Materials and methods
Systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases to obtain most accurate and recent results. The key words included ,,energy drinks”, ,,children”, ,,health”,,cardiovascular system” and ,,caffeine.”
Conclusions
This review provides further evidence that consumption of energy drinks by children and adolescents is associated with many adverse effects for physical and mental health. Mainly predisposed systems are cardiovascular and nervous. Further research is needed, with emphasis on maintaining ethics, to determine long-term effects of Energy Drinks use in these populations
The Role of Antibiotic Therapy in the Management of Facial Fractures: A Systematic Review
Get PDFPurpose:The administration of prophylactic doses of antibiotics is a standard procedure in the treatment of maxillofacial fractures. Maxillofacial fractures occur most frequently, and antibiotic therapy is often overused before and after surgery. Despite numerous studies, there are still no clear-cut treatment regimens. The present study aimed to empirically evaluate this aspect.Materials and methods:The authors conducted an extensive review of articles available in PubMed, Google Scholar, UpToDate, Science Direct, and Cochrane databases. The keywords mandibular fractures, maxillary fractures, antibiotic prophylaxis, antibacterial agents, postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, mandible fracture; antibiotics, open reduction, internal fixation. Studies published between 1970 and 2021 were included in the review.Results:Adding postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis to the standard preoperative and/or perioperative antibiotic regimens showed no significant reduction in the risk of surgical site infections. Similarly, no difference was observed in infection risk when the analysis focused specifically on mandibular fractures or procedures involving open surgical techniques. We should also take into account the patient's general diseases that increase the risk of infection. The situation in which prophylaxis unequivocally needs to be applied is the connection of the fracture gap with the oral cavity (open fractures) or sinuses.Conclusion:The evidence for prophylactic antibiotic use in maxillofacial fractures is weak and inconsistent, with no clear recommendations on type, dose, or duration. Each treatment should be individualized and tailored to the particular clinical case. Particular attention should be paid to the patient's medical condition, comorbidities, and the type and extent of the injury. Routine antibiotic therapy in patients belonging to the low-risk group carries negative consequences, such as the development of antibiotic-positivity
Osteoarthritis in obesity - Summary
Get PDFOsteoarthritis (OA) is a slowly progressive joint disease that primarily affects articular cartilage and gradually causes pain, stiffness, and immobility. This problem negatively affects the quality of life of a large part of the population and consumes a significant part of the state budget. It ranks 11th in the list of global health issues in relation to disability. Primary OA occurs due to factors such as age progression, obesity, joint injuries, and anatomical features. Secondary OA frequently associates with other pathologies such as Paget's disease and osteoporosis. Of all the risk factors for KOA (knee osteoarthritis), obesity is the most critical since increasing body weight increases joint stress and hastens cartilage degradation. Weight loss, physical activity, management of symptoms forms in prevention and the management of KOA. Interventions of NSAIDs, glucocorticoids injections, and physiotherapy may help. Total knee arthroplasty remains the most effective treatment for patients with end-stage OA