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Mr. Global Interest in Physical Education Curriculum: A Google Trends Analysis from 2015 to 2025: A Big Data Approach to Mapping Worldwide Engagement in PE Learning
Get PDFObjective: This study examines global interest in physical education (PE) curricula from 2015 to 2025, analyzing how public engagement has evolved in response to health crises, technological advancements, and policy shifts. The research aims to identify key trends and disparities in PE priorities across regions, providing insights for future curricular development and policy reform. Methods: Using Google Trends data, the study analyzes search volumes for "physical education curriculum" and "PE activities," normalized on a 0–100 scale. Temporal, geographical, and related-query analyses were conducted to assess fluctuations, regional interest patterns, and conceptual associations. Data were collected on June 10, 2025, covering a decade of search behavior. Results: The findings reveal distinct trends: (1) a sharp 2020 surge in "PE activities" searches during COVID-19 school closures, contrasting with steady policy-focused interest in curricula; (2) regional divides, with low-income nations prioritizing curricular frameworks and high-income countries focusing on implementation; and (3) conceptual gaps between formal policy language ("health curriculum") and practical terms ("PE games"). Japan emerged as a model for integrating both approaches. Conclusion: The analysis emphasizes the increasing importance of PE in comprehensive schooling, while also highlighting the disparity in resource allocation and focus that still exists. It demands flexible, inclusive paradigms that not only reduce theory-practice gaps but also extend them across regional disparities, utilizing digital engagement to inform evidence-based reforms in accordance with global health purposes
A Systematic Literature Review of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Systems: An insight from China and Sub-Saharan Africa
Get PDFTechnical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is important in developing a skilled workforce, promoting sustainable career pathways, and supporting economic growth worldwide. This study provides a systematic comparative analysis of TVET systems in China and Sub-Saharan African countries. The scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and with the search limited to studies published between 2012 and 2024. The results reveal divergent developmental processes shaped by distinct socio-economic contexts. While China’s TVET demonstrates strong governmental support, strategic industry partnerships, and ongoing curriculum modernization, fostering workforce readiness and contributing to national economic priorities, such as rural revitalization, these advantages are not seen in Sub-Saharan African countries. The region faces challenges related to funding, outdated curricula misaligned with labor market needs, infrastructural deficits, and shortages of qualified instructors, which collectively undermine training quality and employability outcomes. Innovatively, this review integrates multi-dimensionality, pedagogical innovation, infrastructural capacity, and social inclusion, providing a comprehensive framework that further heightens the transformative potential of contextualizing China’s competency-based and industry-integrated TVET approaches within the unique socio-economic realities of Sub-Saharan Africa. . These findings offer a way to compare and guide changes in policies that can improve TVET systems, address current job market needs, support sustainable development, and lower youth unemployment in areas with limited resources
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The Mechanistic Pathways Linking Exercise to Neuroprotection and Mental Health: Construction and Elaboration of an Integrative Theoretical Model
Get PDFObjective: This study proposes the Exercise–Neuroprotection–Mental Health (ENM) model, an integrative framework explaining how exercise enhances mental health through multilevel neurobiological mechanisms.
Methods: Drawing on evidence related to exercise-induced neurotrophic factors, myokines, neuroplasticity, and emotion-related neural circuits, we synthesized current findings and developed mechanistic inferences following the pathway from physiological activation to molecular signaling, neuroplastic changes, neural-circuit modulation, and mental-health outcomes.
Results: The ENM model suggests that exercise triggers peripheral activation leading to increased BDNF, irisin, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses. These molecular changes enhance synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and network efficiency in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. At the circuit level, improved functioning of the PFC–amygdala emotion-regulation pathway, the hippocampus–HPA axis, and the VTA–NAc reward system contributes to better emotional stability, stress resilience, and motivation. The model yields testable hypotheses regarding the mediating role of BDNF, the involvement of the PFC–amygdala circuit in anxiolytic effects, the role of the VTA–NAc pathway in antidepressant effects, and myokines and inflammation as intervention targets.
Conclusion: The ENM model offers a coherent framework linking exercise to neuroprotection and mental-health improvement and provides theoretical guidance for targeted exercise prescriptions and future neuroimaging, biomarker, and clinical validation studies
Artificial Intelligence – Enabled Integration of Physical Fitness Monitoring and Public Fitness Promotion: Mechanisms, Opportunities, and Governance Challenges
Get PDFAs public health governance shifts from a disease-treatment paradigm toward health promotion and risk prevention, physical health monitoring has become a foundational component of population health management. In practice, however, monitoring systems remain constrained by a “monitoring-heavy, translation-light” dilemma, in which monitoring outputs fail to translate effectively into risk assessment and intervention, resulting in a structural break in the monitoring–assessment–intervention chain. Using a mechanisms–opportunities–governance challenges analytical framework, this paper synthesizes how artificial intelligence (AI) enables the integration of physical health monitoring with public health promotion and delineates the key conditions shaping its effectiveness. We argue that AI facilitates integration through multi-source health data integration and population profiling, population-level risk identification and prediction, and an intelligent feedback loop linking continuous monitoring, stratified intervention, outcome evaluation, and iterative adjustment. These mechanisms support a shift from periodic, static monitoring to stratified and dynamic population-level health promotion. At the same time, AI creates opportunities to enhance governance responsiveness, optimize public resource allocation, and strengthen evidence generation for policy design and evaluation, while also introducing governance challenges related to data privacy and ethics, algorithmic bias, health inequities, and accountability. We conclude that AI should be positioned as a tool and infrastructure within public health governance rather than an autonomous decision-maker, and that its real-world impact ultimately depends on institutional design, data governance, accountability, and human–AI collaboration
„Wytwarzanie przeszłości”. Refleksje na temat książki Porządek dziedzictwa XIX wieku. Polskie pojęcia i wyobrażenia
Get PDFThe article presents the reviewed work by outlining its context, main objectives, and central issues, followed by a selective summary of its key theses and argumentative structure. The author undertakes a critical analysis of the theoretical and methodological approaches employed, assesses the originality and coherence of the argument, and identifies the publication’s strengths as well as its weaker aspects. The reviewed work is also situated within the broader scholarly literature, enabling an assessment of its contribution to heritage studies and its relevance to ongoing debates in the field.Artykuł przedstawia recenzowane dzieło, zarysowując jego kontekst, główne cele oraz problematykę, a następnie w sposób selektywny streszcza kluczowe tezy i strukturę argumentacji. Autorka podejmuje w nim krytyczną analizę zastosowanego podejścia teoretycznego i metodologicznego, ocenia oryginalność i spójność wywodu, a także wskazuje na mocne i słabsze strony publikacji. Umiejscawia też recenzowaną pracę w szerszej literaturze przedmiotu, co pozwala ocenić jej wkład w studia nad dziedzictwem kulturowym i znaczenie dla toczących się niej debat
Borders and Frontiers of Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt. The Case of Lower Nubia
Get PDFDrawing on Egyptian and Meroitic sources, as well as archaeological evidence from the region, this paper offers an overview and a nuanced synthesis of how the frontier was shaped in Lower Nubia during the Ptolemaic and Roman periods, spanning nearly six centuries. The interactions between Egypt, the kingdom of Meroe, and various groups of Nubian people are examined to assess the porosity of this frontier zone. Trade and religion played key roles in the development of Lower Nubia and in the formation of a distinct regional identity. By investigating this region over a long chronological span and in its full historical complexity, the paper supports recent scholarship that has called for moving beyond modern, overly rigid interpretations of ancient frontiers and for challenging asymmetrical models that portray influence as flowing exclusively from Egypt and the Roman Empire toward the kingdom of Meroe.Drawing on Egyptian and Meroitic sources, as well as archaeological evidence from the region, this paper offers an overview and a nuanced synthesis of how the frontier was shaped in Lower Nubia during the Ptolemaic and Roman periods, spanning nearly six centuries. The interactions between Egypt, the kingdom of Meroe, and various groups of Nubian people are examined to assess the porosity of this frontier zone. Trade and religion played key roles in the development of Lower Nubia and in the formation of a distinct regional identity. By investigating this region over a long chronological span and in its full historical complexity, the paper supports recent scholarship that has called for moving beyond modern, overly rigid interpretations of ancient frontiers and for challenging asymmetrical models that portray influence as flowing exclusively from Egypt and the Roman Empire toward the kingdom of Meroe
Aesthetic Medicine Procedures in Cancer Survivors – A Literature Review
Get PDFBackground: Advances in oncology have significantly increased long-term survival rates, creating a growing need to manage persistent physical and psychosocial consequences of treatment in cancer survivors, including scarring, alopecia, pigmentation changes, and tissue damage.
Objective: To systematically review literature on aesthetic medicine procedures in cancer survivors, evaluating therapeutic potential, safety, and clinical implications.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library (January 2000 – March 2025). Keywords included “cancer survivor,” “aesthetic medicine,” “botulinum toxin,” “fillers,” “platelet-rich plasma,” and “laser therapy.” Eligible studies included clinical trials, cohort studies, case series, and reviews reporting outcomes of aesthetic interventions in oncology patients. Two independent reviewers screened 356 records; 34 studies were included. Quality assessment used GRADE and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Results: Interventions included botulinum toxin (n=8), fillers (n=9), platelet-rich plasma (n=6), laser therapy (n=7), and scalp cooling (n=4). Procedures were generally safe, with mild and transient adverse events, and were associated with improvements in quality of life, self-image, and functional recovery.
Conclusions: Aesthetic medicine procedures can be a valuable adjunct in survivorship care. Multidisciplinary collaboration and evidence-based protocols are recommended
The role and competences of the Supreme Bioethics Committee and local bioethics committees in the context of protecting the rights of clinical trial participants in Poland: Ethics and participants' rights in clinical trials
Get PDFThe introduction in Poland of a centralized system for the ethical evaluation of clinical trials of medicinal products, under which the Supreme Bioethics Committee (NKB) was established, is a response to the need to harmonize procedures, increase transparency, and strengthen the protection of trial participants. The purpose of this article is to discuss the tasks and competences of the NKB and local bioethics committees (LKB) in the light of the applicable legal provisions, in particular the Act of March 9, 2023, on clinical trials of medicinal products and implementing regulations. The authors analyze the structure, composition, and mode of operation of both types of committees, as well as the principles of cooperation and supervision between them. Particular attention is paid to the ethical review procedure, the role of patient representatives, the prevention of conflicts of interest, and mechanisms for protecting the rights of participants. The article also points out how the new regulations strengthen the transparency, quality, and uniformity of bioethical standards in clinical trials conducted in the Republic of Poland. The article is of a review and analytical nature and refers to current legal sources, institutional documents, and practices implemented by the NKB and superior entities such as the Medical Research Agency (ABM). The tabular summaries and descriptions of institutional relationships presented are intended to facilitate understanding of the complex system of ethical supervision in clinical trials, in particular from the perspective of participant protection as a core value
The Role of Physical Activity in the Prevention and Management of Mental Health Disorders: A Review
Get PDFIntroduction and Purpose: Mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress-related conditions are major contributors to global disability. Growing evidence indicates that physical activity is an effective non-pharmacological strategy for preventing and managing these conditions. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the impact of physical activity on mental health and the mechanisms through which it exerts its effects.
Material and Method: A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify studies from 2010-2025 examining physical activity and mental health outcomes in adults. Priority was given to randomized trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses exploring exercise-based interventions and their psychological or physiological effects.
Results: The analyzed literature shows that regular physical activity - particularly aerobic and moderate-intensity exercise - supports mood regulation, enhances cognitive functioning, and increases resilience to stress. Reported mechanisms include neurobiological changes such as improved neurotransmitter balance, reduced inflammation, and enhanced neuroplasticity, alongside psychological benefits such as increased self-efficacy and reduced rumination. Structured exercise programs also demonstrate efficacy as adjuncts to psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy.
Conclusions: Physical activity represents a valuable and evidence-based component of mental health promotion and treatment. Incorporating tailored exercise interventions into prevention strategies and clinical care may significantly improve psychological well-being and reduce the burden of mental health disorder