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The Importance of Sleep in Athletic Performance - A Systematic Review
Get PDFIntroduction
Sleep influences the well-being of every person, but it is especially important for athletes1. This review analyses the impact that quality and duration of sleep has on physical and cognitive performance in athletes. It also examines the strategies for optimizing sleep, such as extending the duration of sleep, adding naps during the day and educating athletes about sleep hygiene.
Results
Research conclusively states that insufficient sleep impairs physical endurance and strength, reduces coordination and increases injury risk2–5. It impacts cognitive processes – decreases focus, diminishes strategic thinking and slows reaction times6.
Evidence reveals that sleep interventions such as prolonging sleep duration, napping during the day and blue-enriched light exposure lead to improving sleep in athletes7.
Summary
By integrating findings from a range of studies, this review emphasizes the role of sleep as an indispensable pillar of sports performance optimization. It offers practical implications and limitations to the analyzed studies
Endurance Training for Cardiovascular Health: Insights into Risk Reduction and Heart Disease Prevention
Get PDFEndurance training significantly benefits from strong cardiovascular health, as it relies on the efficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to working muscles. A robust cardiovascular system enhances key factors such as cardiac output, stroke volume, and capillary density, which optimize oxygen transport and utilization during prolonged physical activity. This improved vascular efficiency reduces strain on the heart, allowing athletes to sustain higher intensities for longer durations. Endurance training also improves aerobic capacity (VO₂max) and accelerates recovery rates, enabling individuals to handle greater training loads and recover more effectively. Together, these adaptations create a positive feedback loop where endurance training strengthens cardiovascular health, further enhancing performance and resilience
The influence of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation on postpartum mental disorders - literature review and new perspectives
Get PDFIntroduction and Purpose of work: Postpartum depression is a psychiatric disorder associated with the changes in the endocrine system as well as in neuroimmune signaling. The purpose of this review is to investigate the meaning of neurosteroids that are link between postpartum depression and changes in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, as well as to highlight the therapeutic implications.
Review methods: This article is based on literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, and other databases. Observational studies, experimental studies, and meta-analyses on the HPA-axis and postpartum depression, including brain changes and neurosteroids as treatment options, were selected.
Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge:
Postpartum depression involves changes in the neuroendocrine and neuroimmune systems, often linked to HPA axis dysregulation affecting the CNS. Irregular GABAergic signaling is a key factor, influencing conditions like depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Neurosteroids have been used for treatment, and new options for postpartum depression are being explored. Hormonal shifts may also affect hippocampal and gray matter function.
Summary: This review explores the connection between postpartum depression and hormonal changes in the HPA axis, highlighting its clinical importance. It calls for deeper insight into the condition’s pathophysiology, including hippocampal changes affecting memory and mood. Neurosteroid therapies show promise, but further research is needed on their role in HPA axis-related memory changes during postpartum. A comprehensive approach considering factors like sex, age, microbiome, stress, and diet is crucial
The Impact of Time-Restricted Eating and Intermittent Fasting on Glycemia, Body Weight, and Overall Well-Being in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes – A Review of Studies
Get PDF IntroductionIntermittent fasting is becoming increasingly popular, particularly among individuals with obesity. One variation of this approach is time-restricted eating (TRE), which involves consuming meals only during a specific time window, typically lasting between eight to twelve hours each day.
Aim Of The Study
The objective of this article was to analyze studies conducted on both animal and human models. This analysis enabled a presentation of the benefits and potential risks associated with time-restricted eating in the context of type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods
In the study, scientific articles retrieved from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used, utilizing keywords such as "intermittent fasting and type 2 diabetes," "intermittent fasting and glycemia," "metabolic effects of fasting," and "intermittent fasting in animals,". Articles in languages other than English were excluded.
Summary
Various fasting types led to reduced HbA1c, weight loss, and improved well-being in experimental groups. Researchers emphasize the need for further trials involving larger groups and longer observation periods to objectively assess the long-term effects of TRE on T2D. Establishing these findings is essential to maximizing the benefits of fasting while minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia. If practiced cautiously under medical supervision, intermittent fasting could serve as an effective and safe method for managing type 2 diabetes. Adjusting medication, monitoring glucose, and staying hydrated are crucial to minimizing hypoglycemia risk
The Role of Physical Activity in Managing Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Get PDFEpilepsy is one of the most predominant neurological disorders in children and adolescents. It is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. While pharmacological treatments remain the primary approach for seizure control, non-pharmacological interventions like physical activity (PA) appear as potential complementary strategies for improving health outcomes in pediatric population. This systematic review evaluates the role of physical activity in the management of epilepsy in children and adolescents, focusing on its impact on seizure control, cognitive function, psychological well-being, and overall quality of life. Although the evidence regarding the impact of PA on seizure frequency is limited, regular physical activity has been shown to improve cognitive outcomes, mental health, and general quality of life in children with epilepsy. Safety concerns regarding PA of children with epilepsy are discussed. Further research among the pediatric population is needed, since PA might play an important role alongside conventional therapies in managing epilepsy in children and adolescents
Risk factors for depression in adolescents
Get PDFIntroduction: This study aims to analyze the risk factors associated with depression in adolescents, focusing on the interplay between biological, psychological, and social determinants.
Materials and methods: A review of chosen literature from PubMed, and Google Scholar was conducted, using key words including "depression", "adolescence", "stress", "mental health".
Summary: Depression in adolescents is strongly associated with significant biological changes, including hormonal shifts, and neural maturation. Gender differences are particularly prominent, with girls showing higher prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms due to factors such as hormonal sensitivity to stress, and genetic variance. Family and interpersonal relationships also play a role, as parental depression, low parental warmth, high criticism, and peer rejection increase the risk of depression. Conversely, positive family dynamics and supportive peer relationships act as protective factors. Sleep disturbances were found to have a profound impact on adolescent mental health. Delayed circadian rhythms, and poor sleep hygiene are linked to increased depressive symptoms. Stressful life events emerged as significant environmental risk factors, with maladaptive coping strategies exacerbating vulnerability. The study underscores the critical mediating role of perceived social support in mitigating the effects of stress on mental health.
Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the need for integrated strategies to address adolescent depression. Interventions should include early detection programs, gender-sensitive approaches, and family-based therapies to foster supportive relationships. Given that depression during adolescence often tracks into adulthood and increases the risk of recurrent episodes and suicidality, targeted efforts during this developmental phase are paramount
The Influence of Racket Sports on Longevity and Comprehensive Health Benefits
Get PDFIntroduction and aim: Physical activity is one of the key components of human life, essential for maintaining health. Racket sports, which emphasize endurance and coordination while engaging a larger number of participants, are increasing in popularity. The aim of this work is to analyze the impact of racket sports on human health in comparison to individual sports.
Materials and methods: The analysis is based on a thorough review of peer-reviewed literature published between 2006 and 2025, ensuring the inclusion of the most up-to-date insights. Knowledge was sourced from PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus using the advanced search with terms „racket sports” with „and” and „health”, ultimately returning 2769 results.
Results and conclusion: Racket sports offer significant health benefits, including improved cardiovascular function and musculoskeletal health, while also promoting mental well-being and social engagement. The interactive nature empowers social connections which are crucial for mental health, particularly preventing loneliness and depression. While the risk of injury exists, preventive measures may ensure continued benefits of these sports, making them an excellent choice for promoting health and longevity
GLP-1 and SGLT2 Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cutting-Edge Approaches to Advancing Diabetes Care
Get PDFType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease characterized by insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, and chronic hyperglycemia. Despite the availability of conventional therapies, significant unmet needs persist in achieving optimal glycemic control and reducing long-term complications. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and SGLT2 inhibitors represent two novel classes of antidiabetic agents that have transformed the therapeutic landscape. This paper explores their mechanisms of action, clinical benefits, and potential synergistic effects, emphasizing their impact on cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Challenges and future directions for these agents in personalized diabetes care are also discussed
Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes. Dermatological manifestations associated with malignancies
Get PDFIntroduction and purpose: Paraneoplastic syndromes (PS) are conditions associated with malignant tumours whose mechanism of onset is not fully understood. It is postulated that it’s pathophysiology may involve metabolic, endocrine, haematological changes and autoimmune reactions. The aim of this study is to describe cutaneous PS that nearly always occur with neoplasms. The work aims to give an overview of their clinical manifestations and to indicate the neoplasms they are most commonly associated with.
Description of the state of knowledge: Several types of cutaneous PS are almost always associated with malignancies. These include conditions like acroceratosis paraneoplastica, paraneoplastic pemphigus, erythema gyratum repens, acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa, necrolytic migratory erythema, tripe palms, and syndromes such as AESOP syndrome, ectopic ACTH syndrome, and carcinoid syndrome. These dermatoses present a wide range of clinical features, including skin lesions that vary in appearance, severity, and location, and they are linked to different types of tumors. The connection between cutaneous PS and underlying neoplasms involves various potential pathophysiological mechanisms. However, the exact processes driving these relationships remain unclear and are the subject of ongoing research.
Conclusions: Awareness of cutaneous PS is crucial for early malignancy detection. Timely identification of these skin manifestations allows for quicker diagnosis and treatment of underlying neoplasm, significantly improving the patient's prognosis
The Role of Physical Activity in Pregnancy: Impact on Preeclampsia, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, and Labor Outcomes
Get PDFPhysical activity (PA) is of crucial importance when aiming to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Pregnancy is a period in which many hormonal and physiological changes occur, sometimes leading to development of diseases such as gestational diabetes (GDM) and preeclampsia. In this systematic review the influence of regular PA both before and during gestation is investigated. The research gathered points towards the preventive nature of PA against GDM and preeclampsia, proving that regular exercise, especially of moderate and moderate-to-vigorous intensity, significantly reduces the risk of the development of both of these. Additionally, women with GDM treated with insulin who regularly participate in PA require a lower dosage compared to those leading sedentary lifestyles. On top of that, PA seems to have a beneficial influence on various labor outcomes, such as shortened active labor duration, lowered reported levels of pregnancy-related pain, improved psychological well-being, and increased chances of natural vaginal birth as opposed to cesarean section or instrumental birth