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The Role of Obesity Treatment in the Management of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Get PDFIntroduction: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare neurological condition characterized by elevated intracranial pressure in the absence of a detectable cause. It predominantly affects obese women of childbearing age. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear, but increasing evidence suggests a significant role of obesity-related metabolic and hormonal disturbances.
Materials and methods: A review of selected literature in the PubMed database was conducted, using the following keywords: “idiopathic intracranial hypertension”, “pseudotumor cerebri”, “obesity”
Summary: The development of IIH appears to be multifactorial, involving impaired cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, venous outflow obstruction, and endocrine dysfunction. Obesity contributes through increased intra-abdominal and intracranial pressure, altered secretion of adipokines (such as leptin), and chronic low-grade inflammation. The review highlights the role of obesity as a modifiable risk factor and the impact of weight loss on symptom relief and disease progression.
Conclusions: Understanding the link between obesity and IIH is crucial for effective prevention and treatment. Multidisciplinary care, including neurologists, ophthalmologists, and nutritionists, should focus on weight management and early detection of visual complications. Further research is needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved and to develop more targeted therapeutic strategies
Collagen as a Bioactive Ingredient in Nutricosmetology - A Review
Get PDFIntroduction and Purpose
Collagen is a major structural protein responsible for maintaining the strength and elasticity of the skin, hair, and nails. Its synthesis decreases with age, leading to visible signs of aging. Nutricosmetology focuses on supporting these processes through nutrition and supplementation. The aim of this review was to analyze the role of collagen as a nutraceutical ingredient and to assess the evidence on its effectiveness in supporting the condition of the skin, hair, and nails.
Materials and Methods
This narrative review was based on scientific publications from PubMed and Google Scholar (2015–2025) addressing the structure, biological functions, and dietary sources of collagen, as well as clinical studies evaluating the effects of collagen supplementation.
Description of the State of Knowledge
Evidence indicates that hydrolyzed collagen supplementation (2.5-10 g/day for 8-12 weeks) improves skin hydration, elasticity, and density, reduces wrinkles, and strengthens hair and nails. Marine collagen demonstrates the highest bioavailability and safety. The effectiveness of supplementation increases when combined with vitamin C and trace elements such as zinc, copper, and manganese.
Conclusions
Collagen supplementation effectively supports regenerative and anti-aging processes in the skin and its appendages by providing amino acids essential for collagen fiber synthesis and stimulating fibroblast activity. Further studies are needed to compare long-term efficacy across different collagen sources and demographic groups
Betaine (TMG) as a Dietary Supplement in Sports – Mechanisms of Action, Ergogenic Effects, and Safety of Use
Get PDFBetaine supplementation is gaining popularity as a strategy to enhance physical performance, particularly in strength and endurance training. Although large-scale, multicenter studies remain limited, available evidence suggests potential ergogenic benefits such as improved lower-body strength and jump performance. Supplementation may also influence hormonal balance by increasing the testosterone-to-cortisol ratio, promoting an anabolic state. Findings regarding betaine’s impact on body composition remain mixed—some studies report no significant changes in lean mass or fat mass, while others suggest a reduction in fat mass without changes in overall body weight. The proposed mechanisms include increased intramuscular betaine concentration and osmotic activity, which may support recovery and protect muscle cells. Despite promising results, further well-designed clinical trials are needed to evaluate different populations, dosing protocols, and the long-term safety of supplementation. This review synthesizes the current body of knowledge and offers recommendations for future research and practical applications of betaine in sports
Effectiveness of Sun Protection in Outdoor Athletes in the Prevention of Skin Cancer – A Literature Review
Get PDFIntroduction and objective: Athletes practising outdoor sports are particularly exposed to prolonged and intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which significantly increases the risk of developing skin cancer, including melanoma and non-melanoma types. Despite growing awareness of these risks, the effectiveness of photoprotection in this population remains insufficient, mainly due to irregular sunscreen use, incorrect application habits, and numerous environmental and organisational barriers. The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge on the effectiveness of sun protection methods used by outdoor athletes and to assess their role in skin cancer prevention.
Review methods: All data were collected from publicly available sources. This article's databases were accessed via PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science.
A brief description of the state of knowledge: Research shows that athletes often use sun protection incorrectly - applying too little sunscreen, skipping reapplication and inconsistently using physical barriers like UPF clothing or headgear. Long-distance runners, cyclists, skiers and water sports enthusiasts are most exposed to UV radiation. Effective protection is further hampered by intense sweating, reflection of rays from water or snow, sporting pressure and concerns about comfort. Although awareness is growing, it rarely becomes routine. Educational programmes, coach support and technologies such as UV sensors or mobile apps show promising results.
Summary: Effective protection requires a multidimensional approach combining education, behavioural support and UV policies in sports settings. Best results come from using both chemical and physical methods, but only when applied regularly and correctly. Technology and stronger involvement of sports organisations can improve adherence. With rising skin cancer rates, sport-specific, practical UV-prevention guidelines are urgently needed
The use of calcium hydroxyapatite in aesthetic medicine – properties, mechanism of action, and clinical safety
Get PDFBackground:Aesthetic medicine has advanced rapidly, with dermal fillers becoming essential for facial rejuvenation and contouring. Among biostimulatory fillers, calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) is widely studied for its volumizing effect, regenerative potential, and long-lasting results.
Aim:This paper reviews CaHA in aesthetic medicine, covering its properties, biodegradability, biocompatibility, mechanism of action, clinical applications, injection techniques, and safety.
Methods:Clinical studies, histologic analyses, in vitro research, and systematic reviews were examined to assess CaHA’s effects on tissue remodeling, collagen production, and treatment outcomes.
Results:CaHA consists of microspheres in a carboxymethylcellulose gel, providing immediate volume and stimulating neocollagenesis. Studies show increased type I and III collagen, fibroblast activity, and extracellular matrix improvements. Clinically, it effectively treats nasolabial folds, marionette lines, midface volume loss, neck and décolleté laxity, hand rejuvenation, and certain scars. Diluted forms are useful in thin skin areas. Adverse reactions are mostly mild and temporary; serious events are rare and usually technique-related.
Conclusions:CaHA is a versatile biostimulatory filler offering immediate support and long-term tissue regeneration. It enhances collagen, improves skin quality, and delivers predictable, safe outcomes for facial and extrafacial rejuvenation
Providing general anesthesia for elderly patients during planned procedures — main differences compared to younger adults
Get PDFIntroductionThe aging population has increased the number of older adults undergoing elective surgery, making safe, individualized general anesthesia essential. Age-related physiological changes—such as reduced cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, and renal reserve, multimorbidity, frailty, and altered body composition—affect drug metabolism, pharmacodynamics, and tolerance to perioperative stress, resulting in higher rates of cardiovascular, respiratory, and cognitive complications compared with younger adults.ResultsOlder patients require careful dose adjustments due to reduced drug clearance and increased sensitivity to anesthetics. Propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), EEG-guided depth monitoring, and agents like etomidate or dexmedetomidine improve hemodynamic stability and reduce postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and delirium. Comprehensive preoperative evaluation—including frailty screening, cognitive and functional assessment, and medication review—helps identify high-risk patients. Postoperative vigilance is needed to manage respiratory depression, inadequate pain control, and prolonged recovery. Telemedicine has proven effective for pre-anesthetic assessment, enabling early detection of cognitive impairment and reducing time, cost, and travel burden.DiscussionPersonalized anesthesia considering frailty, comorbidities, and altered drug metabolism improves safety. Minimizing anesthetic duration, selecting safer agents, EEG guidance, and TIVA support better outcomes, while telemedicine enhances patient-centered care.ConclusionGeneral anesthesia in older adults requires tailored strategies addressing age-related changes and increased perioperative vulnerability. Individualized dosing, careful agent selection, structured preoperative assessment, postoperative monitoring, and telemedicine support can enhance safety and outcomes, highlighting key differences from younger patients and emphasizing a holistic, evidence-based perioperative approach
The Role of Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases (Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Multiple Sclerosis) – A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFBackground: The gut microbiome interacts with the nervous system through the gut–brain axis (GBA), which is essential for understanding mechanisms contributing to neurodegenerative diseases via neuronal, endocrine, and immune pathways. Gut dysbiosis disrupts microbial balance and is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), contributing to impaired blood–brain barrier integrity and protein aggregation. Effective treatment is crucial to maintain patients’ independence, daily function, and quality of life while reducing long-term healthcare costs.
Aim: This study aimed to synthesize and critically evaluate recent evidence on the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in AD, PD, and MS, and to discuss potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications within the GBA. It also highlights the relevance of these findings for health education and future interventions.
Materials and methods: Studies on the impact of the gut microbiome on neurodegenerative diseases were analyzed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search included terms such as “gut microbiome,” “dysbiosis,” “gut–brain axis,” “Alzheimer’s disease,” “Parkinson’s disease,” and “multiple sclerosis,” covering publications from 2018 to 2025.
Results: Altered levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and biogenic amines influence neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier function, and protein aggregation. Preliminary data suggest that modulating the microbiome may help regulate inflammatory responses.
Conclusions: Evidence indicates that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in neurodegenerative disease development. Dysbiosis may serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Integrating gut health into preventive programs may enhance effectiveness and support early detection and management strategies
20 lat „słownika etnografów”. Od idei do cyfrowego portalu
Get PDFThis article outlines the history of the Ethnographers and Folklorists of Poland: Profiles, Biographical Sketches series, commonly referred to as the “ethnographers’ dictionaries”. The series constitutes a form of the discipline’s memory within the community of ethnologists and cultural anthropologists in Poland, since the dictionary offers a unique opportunity to analyse the achievements of its representatives, trace the evolution of anthropological thought, and promote the profiles and contributions of researchers and theorists; moreover, it plays a significant role in shaping and reinforcing professional identity. The development and transformation of the series over the past two decades are analysed, with attention given to the profiles of the editors of individual volumes, as well as statistical data concerning both the authors of the entries and their subjects. The article also presents the etnoznawcy.pl knowledge portal (https://etnoznawcy.pl), which serves as a natural extension of the dictionary and a continuation of biographical work undertaken by the ethnographic community. Additionally, the article discusses editorial experiences related to the preparation of the series. The conclusion reflects on the technical aspects of compiling the dictionary and building the associated digital knowledge portal.Artykuł przybliża historię powstania serii publikacji Etnografowie i ludoznawcy polscy. Sylwetki, szkice biograficzne, czyli tzw. słowników etnografów. Seria ta jest przykładem wyrazu pamięci środowiskowej wśród etnologów/antropologów kulturowych w Polsce, bowiem słownik daje możliwość analizy dorobku przedstawicieli dyscypliny, śledzenia dziejów myśli antropologicznej, popularyzacji sylwetek oraz dokonań badaczy i teoretyków, a także wpływa na kształtowanie i umacnianie tożsamości środowiskowej. W artykule przeanalizowałam proces rozwoju i modyfikacji tej serii na przestrzeni dwudziestu lat jej funkcjonowania, omówiłam sylwetki redaktorów poszczególnych tomów, a także statystyczne dane dotyczące autorów biogramów oraz bohaterów tych tekstów, oraz zaprezentowałam portal wiedzy etnoznawcy.pl (https://etnoznawcy.pl/), który jest naturalnym dopełnieniem słownika i kontynuacją biografistycznych działań etnologicznego środowiska. Ponadto omówione zostały doświadczenia związane z procesem redagowania tomów serii. W zakończeniu zawarto refleksje związane z techniczną stroną przygotowywania słownika oraz budowania (na jego podstawie) portalu wiedzy
Fotografia jako rytuał życia muzealnego
Get PDF„Aparaty fotograficzne zaczęły powielać świat w chwili, gdy krajobraz ludzki zaczął się przekształcać w zawrotnym tempie. I choć w krótkim czasie ulegają zniszczeniu niezliczone formy życia biologicznego i społecznego, posiadamy urządzenie do rejestrowania tego, co zanika” (Sontag 2017: 23). Myśl Susan Sontag można rozwinąć, twierdząc, że fotografia stała się naturalnym sprzymierzeńcem instytucji muzealnych, które już długo przed pojawieniem się zdjęć starały się „rejestrować to, co zanika” na swój własny sposób. Mimo iż muzeum i fotografia są z perspektywy ontologicznej odmiennymi bytami, ich funkcje zdają się częściowo pokrywać.
Istnieje termin, który wskazuje na kolejne podobieństwo. To „ekspozycja”, oznaczająca w muzealnictwie zazwyczaj fragment (wycinek) wystawy, zaś w słowniku fotografii tradycyjnej to ilość światła padającego na materiał światłoczuły, przy czym kluczowym parametrem jest w tym wypadku czas. Istotą ekspozycji muzealnej i efektem ekspozycji w technice fotograficznej jest zasadniczo to samo – utrwalony w bezruchu obraz, rodzaj zamkniętej sceny, na której poszczególne elementy zajmują określone miejsce, tworząc spójną całość
Mgr Elżbieta Królikowska (1942–2025)
Get PDFElżbieta Królikowska była etnografką, wieloletnią pracowniczką Muzeum Archeologicznego i Etnograficznego (MAiE) w Łodzi, kuratorką Zespołu Działów Etnograficznych, redaktorką serii etnograficznej „Prace i Materiały Muzeum Archeologicznego i Etnograficznego w Łodzi”. Ceniono ją w środowisku naukowym i muzealnym. Była osobą skromną i zaangażowaną w swoją pracę, dużą wiedzą wspierała innych