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Víctor Aranda
Get PDFRadzki has recently claimed the incompleteness of the axioms given by Słupecki for the functionally complete Ł3: some of its tautologies are not provable. In this paper, we provide a new axiom system for this logic (choosing a variant with two propositional constants and the Łukasiewicz implication as primitive symbols) and prove a Completeness Theorem
Jaśkowski’s Discovery and Various Ways to Master Contradictions
Get PDFThis paper presents the history of the world’s first school of paraconsistency: the Torunian School of Paraconsistent Logic. Its founding father is the Polish logician Stanisław Jaśkowski, who first formulated a system of paraconsistent logic. Both the approach he presented and the work of subsequent generations of logicians allow us to speak of the entire school. In this article, we present the characteristics of this school, comparing them with those of other national, but later, schools of paraconsistency. In addition to extensive factual information concerning Jaskowski’s discovery and subsequent development of this topic, we also refer to and comment on the latest works presented in this volume
Hylomorphism and Persons in Odd Situations
Get PDFHylomorphism provides an explanation of material composition: the material parts, the Xs, will compose a whole, a Y, belonging to a given natural kind, when those parts are characterized by a substantial form. While there are a number of those who hold that each human person is identical with a human animal – ‘animalists’ – most of these are not hylomorphists. One could worry that hylomorphism contributes little unique to debates about personal identity, collapsing into either a form of property dualism or substance dualism. What I aim to do is apply a robust and classical hylomorphic account of persons (derived from Thomas Aquinas) to two contemporary problems, illustrating the way in which hylomorphic metaphysics can offer elegant solutions to tricky situations posed against animalists. Specifically, I will propose that hylomorphic animalism can help provide principled resolutions to worries that seem to undermine animalist intuitions which are raised by ‘brain transplant’ or ‘remnant person’ scenarios. Hylomorphism can capture the advantages of ‘hybrid’ animalist responses without the cost of denying a singular, biological criterion of personal identity. Further, hylomorphism provides a distinctive upshot for Christian theologians and the moral positions that they want to affirm by rendering morally anodyne apparent epistemic difficulties in identifying personal identity over time
La vida como categoría central de la ontología natural
Get PDFLife as a central category of natural ontology
This article addresses the philosophical and scientific challenges of defining life, centering on the concept of biological autonomy as an alternative to reductionist paradigms. Organicism emerged as a holistic framework that views life as the result of the reciprocal organization of its components. However, the article critiques the reduction of teleology to mere self-maintenance, arguing that life exhibits a tendential dynamism that transcends functional explanations. By revisiting classical teleological principles and integrating them with modern biology, it proposes a renewed understanding of life as a metaphysical category, one that reconciles functional autonomy with an orientation toward self-transcendence. This approach restores life’s ontological depth, addressing its intrinsic richness beyond organicist frameworks.Este artículo aborda los desafíos filosóficos y científicos de la definición de vida, centrándose en el concepto de autonomía biológica como una alternativa a los paradigmas reduccionistas. En este sentido, el organicismo surge como un marco holístico que concibe la vida como el resultado de la organización recíproca de sus componentes.
No obstante, el artículo cuestiona la reducción de la teleología al mero auto-mantenimiento, defendiendo que la vida manifiesta un dinamismo tendencial que trasciende las explicaciones funcionales. A partir de una revisión de los principios teleológicos clásicos y su integración con la biología moderna, se propone una comprensión renovada de la vida como una categoría metafísica que reconcilia la autonomía funcional con una orientación hacia la autotrascendencia. Este enfoque recupera la profundidad ontológica de la vida, abordando su riqueza intrínseca más allá de los marcos organicistas
The crystal of eternity and the matter of events: The Christian message in Flannery O’Connor’s works
Get PDFThis article discusses the Christian message present in Flannery O’Connor’s fiction. The author begins by exploring the main ideas in O’Connor’s essays included in the volume Mystery and Manners, and thus outlines the context of her literary work. First, the author situates the American writer’s fiction within the context of her era, which was characterized by both unbelief and the search for God. The author aims to answer the question of how O’Connor conveys the human experience of encountering God in a way that is both natural and supernatural, without resorting to simplification or sentimentalism. This introduction serves as a basis for an analysis of O’Connor’s artistic vision, which focuses on the issue of human salvation. The author employs literary and philosophical categories identified in O’Connor’s texts. These include the mystery and texture of events, the habitus of art, and anagogical reading. The author also explores the significance of the grotesque and humor in O’Connor’s Christian message. She discusses the short story “A Good Man Is Hard to Find” as an example of how the novelist conveys the Christian message in her fiction.This article discusses the Christian message present in Flannery O’Connor’s fiction. The author begins by exploring the main ideas in O’Connor’s essays included in the volume Mystery and Manners, and thus outlines the context of her literary work. First, the author situates the American writer’s fiction within the context of her era, which was characterized by both unbelief and the search for God. The author aims to answer the question of how O’Connor conveys the human experience of encountering God in a way that is both natural and supernatural, without resorting to simplification or sentimentalism. This introduction serves as a basis for an analysis of O’Connor’s artistic vision, which focuses on the issue of human salvation. The author employs literary and philosophical categories identified in O’Connor’s texts. These include the mystery and texture of events, the habitus of art, and anagogical reading. The author also explores the significance of the grotesque and humor in O’Connor’s Christian message. She discusses the short story “A Good Man Is Hard to Find” as an example of how the novelist conveys the Christian message in her fiction
The Social Status of the Disabled Individuals in Early Medieval Culmen in Poland
Get PDFWe investigated the social status of the disabled in early medieval Culmen in Poland, considering three scenarios. The first is that the disabled may have had a higher social status than the others because material wealth contributed to their survival and lengthened the progression of their ailments, whereas individuals from lower social status with similar afflictions would have died at earlier stages of their diseases. The second is that the disabled may have been neglected and devalued because of their ailments, thus causing them to be relegated to a lower social stratum. The third one might show that the social identity was made up of many different factors and the disabled might have had different social statuses. We analysed textual sources from the medieval period and examined 660 skeletons and 652 burials from Culmen using quantitative analyses. Textual analysis indicates that the cause of becoming disabled and initial social status played a crucial role in the perception of disabled individuals. Depending on these individuals with impairments were praised, cared for, left to beg, or rejected. Statistical analyses such as the χ2 test of independence, Mantel-Haenszel test for trend, and multiple correspondence analysis indicate that the disabled belonged to all higher social groups, not to the low one in Culmen. The outputs of our research show that the social identity was made up of many factors and the disabled might have had different social statuses
Jeńcy radzieccy w Oflagu 56 w Boguszach/Prostkach (1941–1942). Portret zbiorowy, niepełny
Get PDFThe article discusses Soviet prisoners of war held in Oflag 56 at Bogusze/ Prostki (1941–1942). The author used the remains of documentation concerning 211 people. The constructed database enabled the creation of a general, albeit incomplete, characterisation of Soviet prisoners. It was possible to determine, among other things, the age of the prisoners, their place of origin, the place of capture, the time of registration, and the subsequent camps. A significant achievement of the article is to establish the personal details of 24 soldiers buried in the POW cemetery at Bogusze. As is the case with many such places in Poland, the current commemoration does not contain the names and surnames of the people buried there. For the first time, unique photographs showing prisoners and civilians in Oflag 56 were also used.Artykuł dotyczy jeńców radzieckich przetrzymywanych w Oflagu 56 w Boguszach/ Prostkach (1941–1942). Autor wykorzystał szczątki dokumentacji dotyczącej 211 osób. Skonstruowana baza danych umożliwiła stworzenie ogólnej, choć niepełnej charakterystyki jeńców sowieckich. Udało się określić m.in. wiek jeńców, miejsce pochodzenia, miejsce pojmania, czas rejestracji jeńców oraz kolejne obozy. Ważnym osiągnięciem artykułu jest ustalenie personaliów 24 żołnierzy pochowanych na cmentarzu jenieckim w Boguszach. Jak w przypadku wielu takich miejsc w Polsce, obecne upamiętnienie nie zawiera imion i nazwisk pochowanych tam ludzi. Wykorzystano też unikatowe zdjęcia przedstawiające jeńców i cywili w Oflagu 56
The concentration behavior of ground states solution for a Schrödinger system of Hamiltonian type
No full textIn this paper, we consider the following nonlinear Schrödinger system of Hamiltonian type
\begin{equation*}
\begin{cases}
-\varepsilon^2 \Delta u+u+V(x)v=H_v(u,v), & x\in \mathbb{R}^N, \\
-\varepsilon^2 \Delta v+v+V(x) u= H_u(u, v),& x\in \mathbb{R}^N,\\
u(x)\rightarrow0 \text{ and } v(x)\rightarrow0 & \text{as}\ |x|\rightarrow\infty,
\end{cases}
\end{equation*}
where is a small parameter, , and .
Under only a local condition that has a local trapping potential well, a ground state of the above Schrödinger
system is obtained via a combination of linking-type arguments with the generalized Nehari manifold. Moreover,
we also show that ground state solution concentrating around the local minimum points of the potential as
Semiofory w uniwersyteckich przestrzeniach z perspektywy tworzenia warunków do wielozakresowej transmisji międzykulturowej. Studium porównawcze
Get PDFThe examination of academic semiophores allows one to map the academic collective memory. It thus defines frameworks of thinking and acting of individuals who are connected with it. For that reason, the subject of the paper is semiophores related to the past of chosen European universities The paper presents results of the ethnographic comparative study, based on the analysis and interpretation of data collected thanks to (auto) observation and searching through the secondary sources, focused on the questions such as: What is the nature of semiophores located at the university space? What is the importance of semiophores in architectural, social, cultural and educational spaces of the university in the perspective of the assumptions of intercultural transmission ? The research carried out allows to conclude that the universities are characterised by a responsible approach to commemorating its past, but also that the collection of the universities’ semiophores is characterised by the homogeneity of the scope of commemorated content, which has its educational implications. It results in lack of optimisation in terms of the use of the material space of memory in achieving the multi-range intercultural transmission.Materialne, tworzone intencjonalnie miejsca pamięci związane z przeszłością określonej zbiorowości stanowią nie tylko jeden z elementów jej pamięci kulturowej, ale równocześnie współuczestniczą w procesie permanentnego (re)konstruowania tej pamięci poprzez stwarzanie warunków do uczenia się jej. Dlatego uznać można, że prowadzenie poszukiwań dotyczących uczelnianych semioforów pozwala dokonać mappingu akademickiej pamięci zbiorowej, określić specyfikę zarówno jej, jak i instytucji, której tożsamości pamięć ta jest fundamentem i tworzywem, wyznaczając ramy myślenia i działania obcujących z nią podmiotów. Wobec tego przedmiotem opracowania są semiofory związane z przeszłością wybranych europejskich uniwersytetów. Artykuł prezentuje wyniki osadzonych w schemacie etnograficznym badań porównawczych, bazujących na analizie i interpretacji danych zgromadzonych dzięki m.in. (auto)obserwacji i przeszukiwaniu źródeł wtórnych, zogniskowanej wokół pytań: Jaka jest specyfika semioforów zlokalizowanych w przestrzeni uniwersyteckiej? Jakie znaczenia mają semiofory w architektonicznej, społecznej, kulturowej i dydaktycznej przestrzeni uniwersyteckiej w perspektywie transmisji międzykulturowej? Przeprowadzone poszukiwania pozwalają wnioskować, że uczelnie wyższe odznacza się odpowiedzialnym podejściem do upamiętniania swojej przeszłości, ale także że zbiór uniwersyteckich semioforów cechuje pewna homogeniczność co ma swoje implikacje edukacyjne. Skutkuje bowiem barakiem optymalizacji w zakresie wykorzystania materialnej przestrzeni pamięci w realizacji wielozakresowej transmisji międzykulturowej