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The Impact of Physical Activity and Diet on Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Literature Review
Get PDFIntroduction
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the most common causes of gynaecological consultations among adolescent and young adult women and a major cause of chronic pelvic pain. Its prevalence is estimated to range from 20% to 90% worldwide among young female patients and tends to decrease with age. PD is a medical condition that causes many women to withdraw from their professional or private commitments for 1-3 days each month.
Aim of study
This study aims to evaluate and compare information regarding the effects of physical activity and dietary interventions on the severity and frequency of primary dysmenorrhea symptoms.
Materials and methods
The search methodology incorporated the terms “primary dysmenorrhea” or “menstrual pain” in correlation with terms such as “physical activity” or “diet” or “management”, along with variations of these terms, found in many scientific databases. Publications issued before 2015 and case reports were excluded.
ConclusionSpecialists should discuss this condition more with their patients and inform them of possible treatment options. Physical activity and a balanced diet have a beneficial effect on PD symptoms, although further research is needed in this area
From HDL Deficiency to Neuropathy: Insights into Tangier Disease
Get PDFIntroduction: This review aims to provide a comprehensive examination of Tangier disease, focusing on its clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and diagnostic methods. The article also delves into the available management strategies, the challenges in treating this rare condition, and the ongoing research into potential therapeutic interventions.
Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases with the following keywords: "Tangier disease", "HDL deficiency", "ABCA1", "neuropathy", "high-density lipoprotein ", "HDL", "apoA-I", "CETP", "atherosclerosis", "splenomegaly".
Summary: Tangier disease is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the ABCA1 gene, which impairs cholesterol transport and results in low levels of HDL. This leads to the accumulation of cholesterol esters in various tissues, including the tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes, and nerves. The disease is characterized by orange-colored, enlarged tonsils, splenomegaly, peripheral neuropathy, and a heightened risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diagnosis is confirmed through low HDL and apoA-I levels, along with genetic testing for ABCA1 mutations. While no cure exists, treatment focuses on symptom management, controlling cardiovascular risks, and improving HDL function through lifestyle and dietary changes.
Conclusions: Tangier disease, a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the ABCA1 gene, leads to severe lipid imbalances and various systemic complications. Although there is no cure, managing symptoms, controlling cardiovascular risks, and adopting lifestyle changes are essential for improving outcomes. Ongoing research into gene therapies and new treatments offers hope for future breakthroughs
The neuroprotective potential of GLP-1 analogues with particular emphasis in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases
Get PDFBackground: Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are becoming more common as populations age, yet effective treatments remain elusive. People with type 2 diabetes face higher risks of developing these conditions, prompting researchers to explore whether diabetes medications might protect the brain. GLP-1 receptor agonists have emerged as promising candidates for this purpose.
Aim: This systematic review evaluates the neuroprotective potential of GLP-1 analogues in treating Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, examining clinical evidence and underlying molecular mechanisms.
Material and methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, focusing on studies published from 2020 onwards. Search terms combined GLP-1 receptor agonists with neurodegenerative and neuroprotective terminology. From 38 initially identified articles, 5 studies were selected for detailed analysis based on their focus on GLP-1 analogues' therapeutic potential in neurodegeneration.
Results: The LIXIPARK trial demonstrated promising results in early Parkinson's disease, with lixisenatide showing significant benefits on motor symptom progression compared to placebo. However, evidence for Alzheimer's disease remains mixed, with smaller completed studies yielding disappointing outcomes while large-scale EVOKE trials are ongoing. In type 2 diabetes patients, liraglutide enhanced cognitive function and hippocampal activation, though DPP-4 inhibition showed no superior cognitive protection versus traditional diabetes medications.
Conclusions: GLP-1 receptor agonists show genuine promise as neuroprotective agents, with strongest evidence emerging from Parkinson's disease research. The therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease requires confirmation from ongoing large-scale trials. These findings suggest that personalized approaches considering disease stage, gender, and metabolic status may optimize therapeutic benefits
Lifestyle Factors and Fertility in Couples Trying to Conceive: A Review of Evidence-Based Interventions
Get PDFInfertility is a growing global public health concern, affecting an estimated 8–12% of couples of reproductive age. The causes are multifactorial, including non-modifiable biological and genetic factors as well as modifiable lifestyle and environmental influences. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to how daily habits, diet, physical activity, substance use, mental health, sleep quality, and environmental exposures impact fertility outcomes. Additionally, the biological aging of the reproductive system—particularly in the context of delayed parenthood—has become increasingly relevant. A comprehensive understanding of these factors and their mechanisms is essential for optimizing fertility care and improving reproductive outcomes
Four stages after stress reactions
Get PDFStress is the main cause of non-communicable diseases. Currently, the prevailing concept is that there are two stages of post-stress reactions: the sympathetic and the neuroendocrine stages, as defined by Selye.
Taking into account the ideas of nervism and in accordance with the available biochemical and pathophysiological data, we propose to consider post-stress reactions in the form of 4 stages: 1. Sympathetic. 2. Parasympathetic. 3. Neuroendocrine. 4. Dysmetabolic.
At the first stage, the mediators are norepinephrine and adrenaline, at the second stage – acetylcholine, kinins, lipopolysaccharide, at the third – corticosteroids, thyroxine, at the fourth – various metabolites and microbe forums
IgG4-Related Disease: The Importance of Early Diagnosis in Clinical Practice
Get PDFBackground: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic immune-related fibroinflammatory disease characterized by multiorgan involvement and a highly heterogeneous clinical presentation, often mimicking malignant, infectious, or autoimmune conditions. These features contribute to frequent diagnostic delays and can lead to irreversible organ damage.
Aim: To summarize the current evidence on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, and treatment of IgG4-RD, with particular emphasis on the importance of early diagnosis in clinical practice.
Material and Methods: A review of medical literature published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted using major bibliographic databases, including PubMed. The search covered articles released within this period and employed the following keywords and their combinations: “IgG4-related disease”, “IgG4-RD”, “autoimmune pancreatitis”, “retroperitoneal fibrosis”, “IgG4-related kidney disease”.
Results: IgG4-RD most commonly affects the salivary and lacrimal glands, pancreas, bile ducts, kidneys, and retroperitoneal space. Delayed diagnosis of the disease is associated with progression of fibroinflammatory changes and permanent organ dysfunction. Glucocorticoids remain first-line therapy, while immunosuppressive drugs and rituximab are effective options in case of recurrence or resistance to treatment. Data from clinical cohorts indicate that the lack of early immunosuppression significantly increases the risk of organ failure.
Conclusions: IgG4-RD should be routinely considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained mass lesions or chronic inflammatory and fibrotic disorders. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of immunosuppressive therapy are crucial for preventing irreversible organ damage and improving patient outcomes
HOLISTYCZNE WSPARCIE RODZINY POPRZEZ BIBLIOTERAPIĘ W KONTEKŚCIE WYCHOWANIA DZIECI
Get PDFThis paper discusses the role of bibliotherapy in child education. In the introduction, the author explains what education is and who influences it (family, school, peer environment, and the child itself). The family, which has been the subject of much research, has a key influence on a youngster’s education. It is within the family that appropriate behaviour patterns are established and habits are formed. Books stimulate the juvenile intellectual curiosity, but unlike toys, the exposure to books must be encouraged during the upbringing process. Bibliotherapy takes various forms and has different objectives, but it is always an important element of the upbringing process, as well as therapy (in clinical psychology or human development psychology). Reading to a child from an early age by parents or other people significantly supports their development. The article covers a range of therapeutic stories that serve a relaxing, psychoeducational and psychotherapeutic function. It also lists several book titles that can help solve family problems or behavioural issues in children. The study describes the impact of bibliotherapy classes conducted in Grodzisk Mazowiecki on children. Educational institutions and libraries can therefore conduct bibliotherapy. Every reading experience is valuable because it helps you get to know yourself better, supports self-development, and allows you to understand how the world works and how to deal with problems.Artykuł poświęcony jest roli biblioterapii w wychowaniu dziecka. We wstępie autor ukazuje, czym jest wychowanie i kto ma na nie wpływ (rodzina, szkoła, środowisko rówieśnicze i samo dziecko). Rodzina, będąca przedmiotem wielu badań, ma na wychowanie dziecka kluczowy wpływ. To w niej budowane są właściwe wzorce zachowań i kształtują się przyzwyczajenia. Książka w życiu dziecka rozbudza ciekawość poznawczą, lecz – w odróżnieniu od zabawek – kontakt z książką musi być u dziecka pobudzony w toku procesu wychowania. Biblioterapia ma różne formy i zadania, lecz zawsze jest ważnym elementem procesu wychowania, a także terapii (w psychologii klinicznej czy w psychologii rozwoju człowieka). Czytanie dziecku od najmłodszych lat przez rodziców czy przez inne osoby w istotny sposób wspiera jego rozwój. Autor porusza temat bajek terapeutycznych, które pełnią funkcje: relaksacyjną, psychoedukacyjną i psychoterapeutyczną. Wymienia też po kilka tytułów książek, których przeczytanie może pomóc w rozwiązaniu problemów w rodzinie czy w zachowaniu dziecka. Opis badań omawia wpływ na dziecko zajęć biblioterapeutycznych prowadzonych w Grodzisku Mazowieckim. Instytucje edukacyjne czy biblioteki mogą więc prowadzić biblioterapię. Każde czytanie jest wartościowe, bo pomaga lepiej siebie poznać, wspomaga samorozwój, pozwala zrozumieć, jak działa świat i jak radzić sobie z problemami
TROSKA ŚWIĘTEJ MATKI TERESY O KAPŁANÓW INSPIROWANA DUCHOWYM MACIERZYŃSTWEM MARYI
Get PDFThe paper presents the concern of St Mother Theresa about priests. This solicitude was inspired by the attitude of Mary who through her spiritual motherhood embraced the apostles and later all priests. The article shows the significance of Mary’s presence in the priestly life as well as the importance of priests in the life of Mother Teresa and the Missionaries of Charity.W artykule podjęta została próba ukazania troski Matki Teresy o kapłanów. Troska ta była zainspirowana postawą Maryi, która poprzez swoje duchowe macierzyństwo otoczyła opieką apostołów i później wszystkich kapłanów. Przedstawiono znaczenie obecności Maryi w życiu kapłana, a także obecności kapłanów w życiu Matki Teresy i Zgromadzenia Misjonarek Miłości
Poradnie psychologiczno-pedagogiczne w kontekście wstępnej diagnozy uzależnienia dzieci i młodzieży od gier VR. Raport z badań.
Get PDFAvailable research indicates a growing interest in e-gaming among children and adolescents. This trend is also confirmed by staff at psychological and pedagogical counseling centers. They emphasize that over the past five years, they have observed a significant increase in the number of reports related to excessive use of digital games. It’s worth noting that among children and adolescents affected by e-gaming addiction, there are also those struggling with VR gaming addiction.The purpose of this article is to examine the issue of behavioral addiction to VR games among children and adolescents and to discuss the forms of support available through psychological and pedagogical counseling centers. The study discusses, among other topics, the definition of VR games, the characteristics of the phenomenon, its educational implications, and the DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnostic classifications, which are fundamental tools used in the diagnosis of addiction. The article also analyzes the support offered by psychological and pedagogical counseling centers in the initial diagnosis and in obtaining further recommendations leading to a comprehensive clinical diagnosis and appropriate intervention. Despite the growing scale of this phenomenon, the problem of VR game addiction among children and adolescents remains insufficiently addressed in the literature.In response to the identified knowledge gap, a study was conducted to verify the diagnostic and support capacities of psychological and pedagogical counseling centers in this field. Consequently, data were collected regarding the possibilities of initial diagnosis of children and adolescents with VR gaming addiction, the diagnostic methods and tools applied, as well as the available forms of support and recommendations provided by these counseling centers. The study employed CAWI and CATI techniques and encompassed a total of 340 psychological and pedagogical counseling centers in Poland.Dostępne wyniki badań wskazują na rosnące zainteresowanie e-grami wśród dzieci i młodzieży. Trend ten potwierdzają również pracownicy poradni psychologiczno-pedagogicznych. Podkreślają oni, że w ciągu ostatnich pięciu lat zaobserwowali istotny wzrost liczby zgłoszeń związanych z problemem nadmiernego korzystania z gier cyfrowych. Warto zaznaczyć, że wśród dzieci i młodzieży dotkniętych uzależnieniem od e-gier znajdują się także osoby zmagające się z uzależnieniem od gier VR.Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie problematyki uzależnienia behawioralnego dzieci i młodzieży od gier VR oraz możliwości uzyskania w tym obszarze pomocy ze strony poradni psychologiczno-pedagogicznych. W opracowaniu omówiono m.in. definicję gier VR, charakterystykę zjawiska, następstwa pedagogiczne, czy klasyfikacje diagnostyczne DSM-5 i ICD-11, jako podstawowe narzędzia stosowane w procesie diagnozowania uzależnień. W artykule podjęto również analizę możliwości wsparcia oferowanego przez poradnie psychologiczno-pedagogiczne w zakresie wstępnej diagnostyki oraz uzyskania dalszych zaleceń zmierzających do pełnej diagnozy klinicznej i odpowiedniej interwencji. Pomimo rosnącej skali przywołanego zjawiska, problem uzależnienia dzieci i młodzieży od gier VR nadal pozostaje zaprezentowany na gruncie literatury w stopniu niewystarczającym.W odpowiedzi na istniejącą lukę poznawczą przeprowadzono badania zmierzające do weryfikacji możliwości diagnostycznego i pomocowego działania poradni psychologiczno-pedagogicznych w tym zakresie. W efekcie zgromadzono dane dotyczące możliwości wstępnej diagnostyki dzieci i młodzieży z zakresu uzależnienia od gier VR, stosowanych metod i narzędzi diagnostycznych oraz dostępnych form wsparcia i zaleceń wydawanych przez poradnie psychologiczno-pedagogiczne. Badanie przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem technik CAWI i CATI. Objęto nim łącznie 340 poradni psychologiczno-pedagogicznych w Polsce
Wpływ pielęgnacji jamy ustnej na kolonizację bakteryjną błony śluzowej jamy ustnej u pacjentów z udarem mózgu niewentylowanych mechanicznie
No full textIntroduction. Stroke impairs the patient’s activities of daily living, including oral care, with the deficits (motor, perceptual, and cognitive) it causes. These limitations adversely affect oral health by limiting the patient’s ability to perform self-care tasks such as oral cleaning and tooth brushing.
Aim. It was aimed to examine the effect of oral care on bacterial colonization in the oral mucosa of non-mechanically ventilated patients with stroke.
Material and Methods. The study was conducted with 42 non-mechanically ventilated patients (21 experimental, 21 control) hospitalized in a neurology intensive care unit in Istanbul. The standardized oral care protocol was applied three times a day to the patients randomized to the experimental group. Oral care was applied to the control group according to the routine practice of the clinic. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded at admission, and the oral mucosa was evaluated for oral health and bacterial colonization at baseline and at the end of the fifth day. Our paper adheres to the CONSORT guidelines.
Results. The experimental and control groups were found to be similar in terms of sociodemographic, clinical, and oral health characteristics before the intervention. At the end of the intervention, bacterial count, microorganism diversity, and the mean scores of the Oral Assessment Scale were lower in the experimental group compared to the control group. When each group was compared within itself before and after the intervention, there was no change in the control group. However, a significant improvement was detected in the bacterial count, microorganism diversity, and the mean scores of the Oral Assessment Scale in the experimental group.
Conclusions. These results support that applying the standardized oral care protocol is effective on bacterial colonization in the oral mucosa. (JNNN 2025;14(2):51–60)Wstęp. Udar mózgu wpływa na codzienne czynności pacjenta, w tym higienę jamy ustnej, powodując deficyty (motoryczne, percepcyjne i poznawcze). Sytuacja ta negatywnie wpływa na zdrowie jamy ustnej, ograniczając pacjentowi możliwość samodzielnego dbania o higienę jamy ustnej, w tym szczotkowanie zębów i czyszczenie jamy ustnej.
Cel. Celem badania była ocena wpływu pielęgnacji jamy ustnej na kolonizację bakteryjną błony śluzowej jamy ustnej u pacjentów z udarem mózgu, niewentylowanych mechanicznie.
Materiał i metody. Badanie przeprowadzono wśród 42 pacjentów niewentylowanych mechanicznie (21 w grupie eksperymentalnej i 21 w grupie kontrolnej), hospitalizowanych na oddziale intensywnej terapii neurologicznej w Stambule. U pacjentów przydzielonych losowo do grupy eksperymentalnej stosowano standardowy protokół pielęgnacji jamy ustnej trzy razy dziennie. W grupie kontrolnej pielęgnację jamy ustnej stosowano zgodnie z rutynową praktyką kliniki. Charakterystykę socjodemograficzną i kliniczną pacjentów odnotowywano przy przyjęciu, a błonę śluzową jamy ustnej oceniano pod kątem stanu zdrowia jamy ustnej i kolonizacji bakteryjnej na początku badania i na koniec piątego dnia. Niniejsza praca jest zgodna z wytycznymi CONSORT.
Wyniki. Przed interwencją stwierdzono, że grupy eksperymentalna i kontrolna były podobne pod względem cech socjodemograficznych, klinicznych i stanu zdrowia jamy ustnej. Pod koniec interwencji liczba bakterii, różnorodność mikroorganizmów oraz średnie wyniki w Skali Oceny Jamy Ustnej były niższe w grupie eksperymentalnej w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Porównując wyniki każdej z grup przed i po interwencji, nie zaobserwowano zmian w grupie kontrolnej. Jednakże, w grupie eksperymentalnej zaobserwowano istotną poprawę w zakresie liczby bakterii, różnorodności mikroorganizmów oraz średnich wyników w Skali Oceny Jamy Ustnej.
Wnioski. Wyniki te potwierdzają, że stosowanie standardowego protokołu pielęgnacji jamy ustnej jest skuteczne w ograniczaniu kolonizacji bakteryjnej błony śluzowej jamy ustnej. (PNN 2025;14(2):51–60