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Ecological structure of plant, insect and bird biodiversity and approaches to increasing the rationality of organic farming management (the case of Ukraine)
Get PDFThe reduction of pesticides through organic farming releases some agricultural pest species from human control. We propose that this results in higher pest populations and indirectly, via plant diversity, affects avian community structure in agricultural landscapes. Therefore, we collected data on vegetation diversity (trees, bushes, herbs), from organic agrolandscapes and analyzed how vegetation diversity impacted the diversity and structure of insects and birds. The aim of this research is: i) To investigate the ecological, taxonomic, and functional structure of biodiversity in organic agricultural landscapes and its impact on ecosystem services. ii) To propose mechanisms for managing bird population in organic agro-ecosystems, considering biotic and transabiotic links. We used botanical, forestry and ecological methods to assess biodiversity.
We found that plant diversity increases and species dominance decreases in ecotones approaching forest belts, insect diversity depends on the crop planted in fields, and bird diversity depends on landscape connectivity and structure. Fourteen families of insects occurred in the winter wheat field, 22 families in the buckwheat field, and 15 families in the soybean field. Among these, phytophages (40-69%) dominated, parasitic species ranged from 18 to 24%, and predators accounted for 7-26% of the total number of individuals collected. Twenty-eight bird species (6 food specialists) fed in the fields, dominated by species with broad diets. The list of species feeding in an area depended on the qualitative characteristics of the forest belt surrounding the area. We conclude that birds can serve as a practical pest control if combined with additional organic farming economic and environmental management strategies. To preserve biodiversity, it is important to take into account the structure of the forest shelterbelts, types of habitats due to the expansion of fields’ margins (ecotones), plants that resistant to damage by phytophagous insects, as well as tree species that can attract birds as a food base. Results on existing environmental risks and ways to mitigate them in organic farming can be used for systemic analyses of biodiversity structure in agro-landscapes: fields, their margins, forest shelterbelts, etc
Disentangling carbon stocks and structural characteristics of secondary forests in Tuyen Quang, Vietnam
Get PDFForest structure is a key to effective forest management. This study analyzed diameter and height data collected from two plots in Tuyen Quang, Vietnam to elucidate the structural characteristics and carbon stocks of the forests. The forest volume varied between 77.59 and 103.93 m³, while the carbon stock ranged from 32.53 to 43.83 (Ton/ha). Additionally, the number of carbon credits spanned from 119.38 to 160.86. The best function for simulating the diameter frequency distribution was Wakeby and Gen. Gamma (4P). Meanwhile, the best function for the height frequency distribution was Dagum and Log-Logistic (3P). The regression between diameter and height was best described by the Power and Naslund equation. A strong association between diameter, height and forest tree quality was revealed in both plots. Good trees were typically clustered within groups with larger diameters and heights, whereas bad trees were predominantly found in the smallest groups. These findings will support the assessment of a forest's ecological functions, contributing to effective carbon sequestration initiatives and climate change mitigation efforts in the future
Extraordinary Wills in Czech Law – Return to European Tradition
Get PDFThe Czech Civil Code of 2012 (Act no. 89/2012 Coll.) reintroduced extraordinary wills, which had been absent since 1950, into Czech law. This article provides a basic overview of the regulation of extraordinary wills in Czech law. It conducts a comparison both in the historical-legal context within the development of Czech law since the early 20th century and compares the regulation with the legal frameworks of countries that inspired the Czech Civil Code. Through this comparison, it highlights the differences and specifics of the current Czech regulation, as well as its potential weaknesses or strengths. The text reflects, not only the legal regulation, but also the existing case law, and points out the limits of the applicability of the Czech regulation of extraordinary wills
Spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation dieback in the Talassemtane fir forest (western Rif, Morocco)
Get PDFForest dieback is becoming an increasingly serious concern worldwide. Its causes are multiple, complex and often difficult to disentangle. The primary reports of dieback in the Moroccan fir forest go back to the beginning of the 21st century, but there are no studies dedicated to dieback in this forest documenting those earlier observations. In this study, we quantify the spatiotemporal evolution of dieback in the Talassemtane fir forest through remote-sensing- and field-based assessments between 2009 and 2019. We analysed the inter-annual and seasonal variations in the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the effect of precipitation and temperature on forest cover. We found evidence of earlier and recent dieback symptoms, though their extent has declined over time from 369.27 ha in 2009 to 100.08 ha in 2019. During this period, NDVI values increased significantly, mean precipitation increased slightly but not significantly, and mean temperature decreased significantly. NDVI was positively influenced by precipitation and negatively affected by temperature. Overall, spring temperature and precipitation had a strong impact on vegetation cover during the subsequent summer. The highest NDVI values were concentrated on north- and west-facing slopes, within an altitudinal range of 1229 to 1800 m. These findings provide valuable initial insights to aid forest managers in identifying locations of dieback for the planning of a monitoring strategy and highlight the need for further research to better understand the drivers of Moroccan fir forest dieback
Reakcje w Gruzji na wybuch powstania styczniowego
Get PDFThe article presents the response that news of the January Uprising in the Kingdom of Poland provoked in Georgia. In this context, the news about the uprising that appeared in the official press, presenting the government’s position, as well as the news published in magazines issued by the Georgian intellectual elite, were discussed. In addition, archival testimonies were cited showing that money was collected in Tiflis for the benefit of the insurgents, which was to be handed over to their representative in Odesa.W artykule ukazano odzew, który wywołały w Gruzji informacje o wybuchu w Królestwie Polskim powstania styczniowego. W tym kontekście omówiono wiadomości dotyczące powstania, pojawiające się w prasie oficjalnej prezentującej stanowisko rządu, a także wiadomości publikowane w czasopismach wydawanych przez gruzińską elitę intelektualną. Oprócz tego przytoczono archiwalne świadectwa świadczące o zbieraniu w Tyflisie pieniędzy na rzecz powstańców, które miano przekazać ich przedstawicielowi w Odessie
Włókniste myśli Denisa Diderota
Get PDFThe article aims to outline Denis Diderot’s “fibrous philosophy.” Numerous references to his fascination with the craft of weaving suggest that Diderot’s thought exhibits a distinctly “fibrous” quality on three interconnected levels: object-based, linguistic, and methodological. The argument begins by exploring the historical context of 17th- and 18th-century medicine, focusing on the period when the theory of the fibrous structure of living organisms gained prominence. The shift from humoralism to solidism, combined with advances in microscopy, established the fiber as the fundamental building block of the human body. The article subsequently examines how the language of fibrous theory is employed in French biological philosophy (notably by Descartes, La Mettrie, and Bonnet). The discussion then turns to the context of modern metaphysics and Diderot’s materialism, drawing conceptual parallels between the categories of the molecule and the fiber. Furthermore, the article outlines Diderot’s fibrous anthropology, which encompasses (1) epistemology, (2) the physiology and pathology of the human organism, (3) materialist psychology, and (4) embryogenesis, ontogenesis, and phylogenesis (including the fiber-network ontology of nature). Finally, it addresses Diderot’s rhapsodic (or “weaving”) method of thought, which mirrors the anti-systematic character of his philosophy.Artykuł ma na celu nakreślenie „włóknistej filozofii” Denisa Diderota. Liczne odniesienia do jego fascynacji rzemiosłem tkackim sugerują, że myśl Diderota wykazuje wyraźnie „włóknisty” charakter na trzech powiązanych ze sobą poziomach: przedmiotowym, językowym i metodologicznym. Wywód rozpoczyna omówienie historycznego kontekstu medycyny XVII i XVIII wieku, koncentrując się na okresie, w którym teoria włóknistej struktury organizmów żywych zyskała na znaczeniu. Przejście od humoralizmu do solidyzmu, w połączeniu z rozwojem mikroskopii, ustanowiło włókno jako podstawowy budulec ludzkiego ciała. Następnie artykuł analizuje, w jaki sposób język teorii włókien jest wykorzystywany we francuskiej filozofii biologicznej (w szczególności przez Kartezjusza, La Mettriego i Bonneta). Dyskusja przechodzi następnie do kontekstu nowożytnej metafizyki i materializmu Diderota, wskazując na konceptualne paralele między kategoriami cząsteczki i włókna. Artykuł przedstawia ponadto włóknistą antropologię Diderota, która obejmuje: (1) epistemologię, (2) fizjologię i patologię organizmu ludzkiego, (3) psychologię materialistyczną oraz (4) embriogenezę, ontogenezę i filogenezę (w tym ontologię przyrody jako sieci włókien). Zakończenie zawiera omówienie rapsodycznego (czyli „tkacki”) sposobu myślenia Diderota, który odzwierciedla antysystemowy charakter jego filozofii
The kernel space of linear operator for a class of Grushin equation
No full textIn this paper, we concern the kernel of linear operator for a class of Grushin equation.
First, we study the kernel space of linear operator for a general Grushin equation.
Then, we provide an exact expression for the kernel space of linear operator associated with a special Grushin equation.
Finally, we prove the linear operator related to the singularly perturbed Grushin equation is invertible when restricted to the complement of its approximate kernel space
A borderline analysis of the Nehari manifold method for concave-convex system
No full textThe aim of this paper is to obtain an existence and multiplicity result for a strongly coupled concave-convex system for an {\it optimal} choice of involved real parameters via the Nehari manifold method.
In the paper, we have obtained the parametric region which is optimal in the sense that the constraint minimization idea based on the Nehari manifold is no longer applicable if the parameters lie in the exterior of the optimal region.
By applying a finer analysis of fibering maps, we have shown the existence of atleast two positive solutions for the parameters lying below and even above the parametric optimal curve, characterized variationally via nonlinear generalized Rayleigh quotient.
The main result of the paper is complemented by the study of the problem for negative parameter values
