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The Impact of the Ketogenic Diet on Athletic Performance: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFIntroductionThe low-carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diet (K-LCHF) is gaining popularity among athletes as a potential strategy for improving body composition and physical performance. It is based on restricting carbohydrate intake to a level that induces ketosis while increasing dietary fat consumption. This study aimed to review the current literature on the effects of the K-LCHF diet on athletic performance and to identify possible adverse effects associated with its use.
Current State of KnowledgeScientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 were analyzed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Both original studies and reviews focusing on athletes and physically active individuals were included. Findings suggest that while the K-LCHF diet may promote weight loss, it does not consistently improve aerobic capacity, strength, or speed. In some athletes, performance decline, disturbances in calcium-phosphate metabolism, changes in iron metabolism, and inflammatory markers were observed. Benefits appear more pronounced in individuals who are overweight or participating in non-endurance-based sports.
ConclusionThe use of a ketogenic diet by athletes should be considered individually and conducted under professional supervision. Due to potential side effects and the lack of clear evidence for performance enhancement, further well-designed studies are necessary-particularly those considering sex differences and the long-term effects of the diet on the athlete’s body
Erythritol as a Next-Generation Sweetener: properties, metabolism, cardiovascular risk and gut health implications – A literature review
Get PDFIntroduction and Purpose:
The global epidemic of metabolic diseases has prompted a growing interest in modifying dietary habits. Sucrose, a commonly used sweetener, is ubiquitous in food products, contributing to its excessive global consumption. Due to its numerous drawbacks there is increasing demand for low-calorie sugar substitutes in human nutrition. Among the most frequently selected sugar substitutes is erythritol, a four-carbon polyol that is industrially produced through the fermentation of glucose by yeast. The aim of this study is to highlight the key characteristics of erythritol, examine its potential adverse effects, evaluate its advantages among other polyols, discuss its possible health-promoting properties, impact on the gut microbiota, and identify directions for future research.
Material and methods: The review was is based on the thorough analysis of the materials selected from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Science Direct using the following key words: erythritol, erythritol metabolism, gut microbiota, polyols, non-nutritive sweeteners, butyric acid.
Conclusions:
Erythritol is a well-tolerated, low-calorie sugar alcohol with minimal systemic metabolism and negligible impact on blood glucose levels. It is largely absorbed in the small intestine and excreted unchanged, with limited fermentation in the colon. While human studies show no significant impact on gut microbiota, ex vivo findings suggest a potential for increased production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids. Recent observational studies have raised concerns about potential associations with cardiovascular risk. However, these findings are inconclusive and require further investigation. Emerging animal data indicate erythritol may modulate gut epithelial structure via microbiota-derived metabolites. Overall, erythritol remains a promising sugar substitute, but its long-term health effects warrant additional high-quality clinical research
Creatine supplementation: bioavailability and effects on physical and cognitive performance
Get PDFCreatine supplementation is a well-established approach for improving outcomes in high-intensity exercise, yet the impact on cognitive function and the bioavailability of different creatine forms remain under active investigation. In this paper we summarize evidence on creatine bioavailability and its effects on physical and cognitive performance. Creatine monohydrate (CrM) is the gold-standard form, reliably increasing muscle phosphocreatine (PCr) stores and enhancing strength, power, sprint ability and fat-free mass. Creatine supplementation paired with resistance training enhances lean tissue mass and muscular strength in both younger and older individuals. Creatine also delays fatigue in high-intensity endurance sports and improves recovery during bouts of intermittent activity. Cognitive studies report modest benefits of creatine on memory and processing speed, particularly among older adults. Subgroup analyses show that vegetarians and elderly achieve greater creatine levels and cognitive benefits than omnivores and younger people. Side effects are minimal, except for minor gastrointestinal discomfort or weight gain from fluid retention. In summary, creatine monohydrate is highly bioavailable and consistently improves strength and power outcomes, with emerging evidence for cognitive enhancement. Evidence on alternative forms is limited, thus further research is needed to clarify their bioavailability and long-term safety
Physical Exercise as a Therapeutic Strategy for ADHD in Children and Adolescents
Get PDFBackground: ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is one of the most commonly diagnosed neurobiological disorders in children and adolescents. It is characterized by difficulties in maintaining attention, impulsivity, and excessive physical activity, which affect daily functioning at school, at home, and in social interactions. Traditional approaches to ADHD treatment are primarily based on pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapy. However, there is a growing interest in the role of physical activity as a natural and complementary method for managing the disorder.
Aim: This article aims to analyze the impact of different forms of physical activity on alleviating ADHD symptoms amongst young patients and to explore the mechanisms through which sports can serve as an effective therapeutic tool.
Materials and methods: A review was conducted incorporating data from PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords such as “ADHD”, “sports”, “physical activity”,“mental health”, “adolescents” and “children”.
Results: Scientific studies indicate that regular physical activity, particularly aerobic exercises and team sports, can improve executive functions, emotional regulation, and concentration levels in children with ADHD. Moreover, physical activity influences neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine, which play a key role in ADHD symptoms.
Conclusion: A literature review suggests that incorporating physical activity into the daily lives of children with ADHD can help alleviate symptoms such as inattention, impulsivity, impaired executive function, emotional dysregulation, and poor concentration. However, study outcomes remain inconsistent and call for further investigation. Gaining a clearer understanding of the mechanisms through which physical activity exerts its effects, as well as determining the most effective approaches, could support the development of new therapeutic strategies for managing ADHD in young individuals
Bridge-Enhanced ACL Repair: Novel approach and emerging opportunities in anterior cruciate ligament injury management - literature review
Get PDFAnterior cruciate ligament injury is one of the most common trauma in sport. It leads to long-term exclusion from physical activity, poor quality of life and may result in posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The current gold standard in managing ACL rupture is reconstruction procedure but it is associated with complications such as chronic pain of the knee and muscle weakness. Furthermore, a significant number of patients do not regain their pre-injury level of activity. This study examines research on the BEAR method, being the novel approach in ACL injury management. In this technique, a bovine-derived implant is inserted within the patient's native ligament, allowing it to heal properly without being replaced by a graft. This is achieved by preserving blood clot formation within the joint, which was a limitation of primary open repair cases. It was found that patients who have undergone the BEAR procedure presented better hamstring strength compared to the ACL reconstruction group, have earlier resolution of symptoms, faster psychological preparedness for returning to sport, low complication rate and no donor-site morbidity. It was stated that BEAR itself is non-inferior to ACLR in terms of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures. The efficacy of this technique in reducing posttraumatic osteoarthritis remains to be established. However, findings from animal studies indicate promising outcomes. Larger-scale studies are needed to fully evaluate this modern approach
The impact of barometric pressure changes on oral health in light aircraft pilots: literature review
Get PDFIntroduction:Flights in light aircraft without pressurized cabins expose the human body to rapid changes in atmospheric pressure, which may negatively affect dental health. Due to its structure and gas content, the oral cavity is particularly susceptible to hypobaric conditions occurring at high altitudes.
Materials and Methods:This study is based on a review of the literature available in the PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Scientific publications from 1996 to 2024 concerning barodontalgia and dental materials subjected to pressure changes were included.
Results:Barodontalgia may pose a significant risk to pilots and passengers of small aircraft. Changes in atmospheric pressure can lead to tooth, sinus, ear, and facial pain, as well as micro-damage to fillings and prosthetic restorations. Additionally, the presence of undetected inflammatory foci increases the risk of pain symptoms.
Conclusions:Flights in non-pressurized cabin conditions can adversely affect the oral cavity and surrounding structures. Regular dental check-ups are recommended for individuals exposed to barodontalgia, as well as avoiding flights shortly after dental treatment and using durable materials resistant to pressure changes
Nursing care for a patient after mastectomy in the home environment – nursing and psychosocial aspects
Get PDFCancer is a disease of genetic material and develops as a result of the accumulation of gradually occurring genetic damage. The transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell, known as neoplastic transformation, requires several gene mutations. In most cancers, DNA defects appear in the cells of individuals genetically predisposed to cancer development, under the influence of environmental factors that damage DNA, known as carcinogens.
A significant area of activity is health education, including consultations and counselling for women and their families on health-related matters. Nursing counselling for individuals affected by cancer requires particular knowledge and skills. Therefore, both in the theory and practice of family nursing, there is growing interest in the importance of small groups in the personal development of each individual
Narratives about Founding Cult Places and Forming Folkloric Biographies: Between Sacralization and Polemics
Get PDFCult places establishing motivated by an order/vow which a person receives in a dream or vision is an international motif, well known in Serbian folkloristic and literary tradition, too. This way of establishing cult places, accompanied by appropriate ritual practices, lives on even today in the territories of southern and southeastern Serbia. An individual who can establish contact with the otherworldly through dreams and visions often merits a special status in the community – some elements of their biography narratives are interpreted in such a way that they form sacralized biographies. The main motifs of such biographies have been singled out in this paper and their functioning in the collective is examined. Some sacralized biographies of the kind are well known today throughout Serbia, and they are also accepted by the official religion representatives, while others function only within the scope of a narrower community. It is shown that the process of sacralization depends on the time distance from the events under discussion, on the role of the community and individuals, but also on the mechanisms which are formed outside the framework of the local oral tradition, through the narratives of popular and media culture
INFLUENCE OF KETOPROFEN ON REDUCTION OF EARLY EMBRYONIC MORTALITY IN HOLSTEIN CATTLE
Get PDFNowadays most abortions among cows occur within the first three weeks afterinsemination. Embryo death is the main reason why dairy cows cannot conceive at thedesired time intervals. Three groups of cows were investigated in the «Promin» farm ofMykolaiv region. The Double OvSync synchronization scheme was used for cows and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug Ketoprofen was used in one of the groups for the preventionof embryonic mortality on the 11th day after fertilization (n=25). For comparison, the othergroup was injected with the same amount of saline (n=25). No drugs were administered tothe control group (n=25). It was Determined that in Ketoprofen group there was an increasein the percentage of fertilization, a decrease in the insemination index and the calving therewas an increase in the percentage of fertilization, a decrease in the insemination index andthe calving interval
Androgenetic alopecia - a literature review
Get PDFIntroduction and Purpose: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss, affecting both men and women. It involves progressive miniaturization of hair follicles due to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and genetic factors. AGA has cosmetic and psychological impacts and is linked to systemic conditions such as cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Although treatments like finasteride and minoxidil are FDA-approved, alternative therapies are being explored to improve outcomes and reduce side effects. This review provides an updated overview of AGA pathogenesis and emerging treatment options.
Material and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing recent studies on AGA pathophysiology, genetics, and treatments. Findings on FDA-approved drugs, alternative pharmacologic therapies, mesotherapy, and low-level light therapy (LLLT) were evaluated for efficacy and safety.
State of Knowledge: AGA pathogenesis includes hormonal, genetic, and environmental components. DHT binds to androgen receptors in vulnerable hair follicles, leading to miniaturization. Genetic susceptibility involves loci like AR/EDA2R. While finasteride and minoxidil remain mainstays, newer treatments—such as dutasteride, androgen receptor antagonists (e.g., spironolactone, clascoterone, pyrilutamide), mesotherapy, and low-dose oral minoxidil—show promise. LLLT, particularly red LED light (630–660 nm), stimulates hair growth and reduces inflammation. Clinical studies suggest combination therapies are more effective than monotherapy.
Conclusions: AGA is complex and requires long-term management. Finasteride and minoxidil are effective, but alternative treatments like dutasteride, mesotherapy, androgen blockers, and red LED therapy offer promising results. Combination therapy appears most effective, though more research is needed to standardize protocols and confirm long-term safety