282 research outputs found
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Oral and Facial Manifestations of COVID-19 Patients
No full textObjective: To review the oral and facial manifestations of COVID-19 which may be useful in the prompt diagnosis of the disease.Materials and Methods: Literatures were searched from renowned electronic databases like PubMed, Medline, Google scholar and Cochrane Library. The following words were used for the search. “Oral and facial manifestations of COVID-19.”Results: The SARS-CoV-2 virus is transmitted from human to human via droplet transmission and direct contact with oral, nasal, and eye mucous membranes. Studies suggest that COVID-19 may become airborne through aerosols generated during clinical procedures. The most common symptoms of coronavirus disease are fever, tiredness, dry cough and difficulty breathing. Other atypical symptoms, such as muscle pain, confusion, headache, anosmia, dysgeusia, sore throat, diarrhea, and vomiting have been reported, and seem to be on the rise.Conclusion: It will be interesting to determine in the near future how frequent those manifestations are in individuals presenting symptoms in contrast to infected asymptomatic patient, and their usefulness in defining the outcome of COVID-19.
 
The Need for Geriatric Dental Education in Nigeria
No full textBackground: The elderly population of Nigeria has grown dramatically since the beginning of the twentieth century indicating the need for an increased geriatric care.Objective: To evaluate the status and need for geriatric dental education in Nigeria.Materials and Methods: A search of reports in libraries of Universities that offer Bachelor of Dental Surgery programme and websites of relevant educational agencies and institutions such as the Nigerian University Commission and the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria on dental education in Nigeria focusing on geriatric dental education was undertaken.Results: There are nine universities that offer Bachelor of Dental Surgery in Nigeria; eight are owned by the federal government and one owned by the state government. Of the nine Faculties of Dentistry, four were established over 40 years ago producing about 160 dental graduates every year. The other five Faculties of Dentistry were established about 15 years ago producing about 100 dental graduates every year. At postgraduate level, there are ten recognized specialties in Dentistry and approximately 12 accredited health institutions offer about 80 places for specialist training every year. The specialist training is regulated by both the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria and West African College of Surgeons and a Fellowship is awarded by these colleges to about 15 specialists every year. There are only two universities that offer postgraduate academic Masters programmes comprising Masters in dental public health and Master in dental sciences. Only one dental school has an undergraduate curriculum that has geriatric dentistry. At postgraduate level, geriatric dentistry was not developed as a separate and independent specialty. Undergraduate dental education is monitored by both the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria and the National University Commission.Conclusion: It is recommended that geriatric dentistry should be included in the curriculum of undergraduate dental students and should be well structured in postgraduate specialists\u27 curriculum. Postgraduate diploma and degree programmes in geriatric dentistry should be established to address the needs of the vast elderly population in Nigeria.
 
The Accuracy of Electronic Wrist Blood Pressure Monitoring Devices
No full textBackground: Assessment of blood pressure is the most common diagnostic procedure performed in the outpatient clinic. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the wrist-cuff electronic oscillometric device with the universally-accepted gold standard measurement made with Korotkoff sound technique mercury sphygmomanometer.Materials and Methods: This was a randomized, crossover study with a total of 60 subjects. All subjects were at least 30 years of age. Three blood pressure readings were recorded for each subject, two with a wrist-cuff device and one with a mercury sphygmomanometer by the secondary investigator. The order of the 3 readings were determined by chance.Results: Patients (32 women, 28 men) aged 30-94 (mean age = 55, SD =16) years were included in the study. Based on the paired-sample t-test, the data provided strong evidence that there was no statistically significant difference in systolic or diastolic blood pressure readings between the wrist-cuff electronic oscillometric device and mercury sphygmomanometer.Conclusions: The evaluation of blood pressure remains a basic diagnostic step in every clinical practice as it positively imparts the clinical well-being of the patient. It is, therefore, important to maintain a good degree of accuracy and reliability in the blood pressure monitoring device.
 
Coronavirus Disease: Implications for Paediatric Dental Care
No full textThe recent outbreak of the novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused widespread public health concerns. The virus is responsible for the respiratory disease, coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has rapidly spread to involve many countries in the world. The infection affects adults and children however, symptoms in childrenseems milder. Transmission occurs primarily through droplet spread or contact route. The unique characteristics of the dental settings makes it focal points for cross infection, this is particularly more serious in paediatric dentistry because the majority of affected children are often asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. This article provides a brief overview of the epidemiology, routes of transmission, and clinical features of COVID – 19 disease in children and implications for paediatric dental care.
 
Causes and Pattern of Non Compliance with Instructions given after Fitting of Removable Partial Dentures (RPDs) among Patients in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
No full textObjective: The study was carried out to assess the pattern of non compliance with instructions given after fitting of RPDs and to evaluate the reasons for non compliance.Patients and method: The study was a cross-sectional study among consecutive denture wearers in a Nigerian teaching Hospital. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to assess the pattern and causes of noncompliance with post denture insertion instructions. Data collected were imputed into a personal computer and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Chisquare was used to test association between categorical variables. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.Results: Two hundred and thirty two patients, participated in the study. One hundred and twenty nine patients did not comply with brushing the denture with brush and soft soap. The proportion of males (56.9%) and patients above 40 years (61. 0%) that did not comply was greater than the proportion of females (54.3%) and patients 40 years and below (41.2%) respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between the age of the patient and non compliance with cleaning the denture with soft soap. One hundred and ninety four patients did not comply with twice annual routine visit to dentist. The proportion of males (84.5%) and patients above 40 years (84.1%) that did not comply was greater than the proportion of females (82.8%) and patients 40 years and below (82.4%) respectively. The reasons for non compliance with cleaning denture with brush and soft soap included; more convenience (4.3%), detest the taste of soap (5.6%), while the reasons for non compliance with routine visit to dentist included no time (15.1%), financial problem (12.1%), and "I see no need for it when there was no dental problem" (44.0%).Conclusion: Non compliance is more common among male patients and patients above forty years. Dentists should lay more emphasis on post denture insertion instructions especially for male patients.
 
Perception of Clinical Dental Students and Interns towards Prosthodontics and factors influencing its\u27 choice as a future career
No full textAim: The aim of this study was to determine the perception of clinical dental students and interns towards the specialty of prosthetic dentistry and also assess factors that may influence choice of prosthodontics as a future career.Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive cross sectional study of clinical dental students and interns at the University of Benin and University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Questions focused on the perceptions and factors that influenced choice of the specialty of prosthodontics as a future career. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17.0. The analysis was done using frequency distribution, cross tabulations, test of significance with chi square. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 122 respondents consisting of 21.3% penultimate students, 41.0% final year students and 37.7% interns returned filled questionnaires. Majority (93.4%) reported they know who a prosthodontist is and 91.8% agreed that there was a need for more prosthodontists in Nigeria. Less than half (35.2%) of the respondents felt that they were well prepared in prosthodontics and 77% thought they did not have enough exposure to prosthodontics. There was statistically significant association between respondents\u27 perception of preparedness and exposure to prosthodontics and choice of prosthodontics as a future career.Conclusion: There is a need to improve dental students and interns\u27 exposure and preparedness to prosthodontics.
 
Evaluation of causes and predictors of non-attendance at review appointments following treatment of Maxillofacial injuries
No full textBackground: Causes and rate of non attendance at review appointment in the outpatient clinics vary widely among various clinics and different regions all over the world. Solving the problem of non-attendance may therefore require different and individualized approaches tailored to the peculiarity of the clinic and the locality in focus. The aims of this study were to evaluate the causes and the predictors of nonattendance at review appointments following treatment for maxillofacial injuries at a sub Saharan tertiary health facility.
Materials and Methods: A prospective, cohort descriptive hospital based study was carried out in a tertiary health facility in South Western Nigeria. Sixty three consecutive adult patients treated for maxillofacial injuries during the study period who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The demographic and clinical data of these patients were prospectively collected and analysed.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 34 (range of 17-83) years with a male to female ratio of 5.3:1. Only 17(27.0%) of the patients attended all four clinic review appointments giving an overall default rate of 73.0%. One hundred percent and 30.8% of the patients with mandibular fractures and soft tissue injuries alone respectively attended the first review appointment. The non-attendance rate at the first outpatient review clinic appointment was 28.6% and this progressively increased to 41.3%, 61.9% and 71.4% at the second, third and fourth review clinic appointments respectively. Out of the 18 patients that missed the 1st review appointment, only 1(5.6%) subsequently attended any of the other appointments. Significant factors that are associated with non-attendance at the follow up review clinic appointments following maxillofacial injuries were age of the patients and types of maxillofacial injury. Commonest reasons cited by study participants for default were \u27feeling okay\u27, relocation and financial reasons.
Conclusion: The most significant factors predicting non-attendance at review appointment following treatment for maxillofacial injuries are type of injuries and age of the patient while the most common reason cited by patient for non attendance was feeling okay. Motivating patients adequately before discharge by letting them know the advantages of attending and possible implications of not attending post-op review may be a way to improve attendance.
 
Restorative Dental Care and COVID-19 Pandemic: Reviewing the Treatment Guidelines and Evaluating Patients’ Opinion Qualitatively in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
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New and Emerging Infections : Impact on the Practice of Dentistry in Nigeria
No full textObjective: To highlight the challenges and impacts of COVID 19 on dental practice in Nigeria.Materials and Methods: A literature search was done using Electronic databases such as Medline, Pub Med and Google Scholar. Words that were searched included “New and Emerging Infections, challenges and Impact on Practice of Dentistry in Nigeria”.Results: New and emerging Infections have far reaching impacts on public health. The dental clinic is a probable environment for the airborne transmission of these infections due to the generation of aerosols and the close contact between the health workers and patients. Conclusion: Strict infection control measures are mandatory in the dental clinic. This translates to prohibitive cost of treatment as most practices have to include additional cost for things as personal protective equipment, disinfectants.
 
Treatment Failures in Trigeminal Neuralgia Patients: An Institutional Audit
No full textBackground: Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is a frequent cause of paroxysmal facial pain and headaches in adults. It frequently presents in the fourth and fifth decade of life and affects the 5th cranial nerve. It is usually unilateral and does not disturb sleep. The gold standard drug is Carbamazepine (CBZ) and treatment failure to CBZ could be attributed to intake of drugs or food containing B group vitamins, patients\u27 tolerance to the medication and the use of fake medication. The effectiveness of this drug has been reported but, there is dearth of literature that demonstrates causes of failure of CBZ in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.Objective: To determine the causes of treatment failure in Trigeminal neuralgia patients attending the Oral Medicine Clinic of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of cases of Trigeminal Neuralgia who presented at the Oral Medicine Clinic of the study institution between April 2009 and April 2012. Data were collated from patients\u27 case notes and clinical records. The recorded parameters included patients\u27 bio data, response to treatment and treatment failure. The results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows(version 16).Results: A total number of 32 patients were diagnosed with Trigeminal neuralgia during this period. There were 22 (68.87%) females and 10 (31.2%) males; with female to male ratio of 2.2:1. Age range was 9 to 82years (mean 53.4±13.86). Carbamazepine was the principal drug prescribed. There was treatment failure associated with it due to the use of B group vitamins in 10 patients (31.5%); 5 (15.63%) from tolerance to the drug and 2(6.10%) from fake drugs. Twenty-seven (84.4%) patients went into remission when all the factors leading to failure were addressed; therefore the response rate was good.Conclusion: Carbamazepine was used as the primary drug in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and treatment failure was largely due to taking drinks and drugs containing B group vitamins.