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Biometrics of the primary dentition in a Nigerian sample
Get PDFObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine normative values of crown dimensions, arch dimensions, and amount of interdental space in the primary dentition of Nigerian children.
Method: Dental casts from alginate impressions obtained from 125 randomly selected nursery school children (65 boys, 60 girls) aged 3 to 5 years, were measured with electronic caliper. Independent tests were used to analyze sample differences between sexes.
Result: There were significant gender differences in arch width, depth and length dimensions, with the exception of the left mandibular anterior length. The boys showed significantly larger mesiodistal crown dimensions, except in the maxillary and mandibular primary lateral incisors. Gender differences in buccolingual crown diameters were statistically significant for maxillary second primary molars. There was no significant gender difference in amount of interdental spaces.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that males had larger tooth/arch dimensions than females in the primary dentition stage
Mandibular meslodens with agenesis of central incisors - A rare association
No full textMesiodens is commonly located in maxillary central incisor region and rarely in the mandible. Congenital absence of mandibular central incisor is uncommon. This is a report of a rare association of mandibular mesiodens with congenitally absent permanent central incisors. This is the first case report of such an association
Infant feeding practices: a study of mothers attending a teaching hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
No full textObjective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors associated with infants\\u27 feeding practices among mothers attending a teaching hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in the College of Dentistry at King Saud University (CDKSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Five hundred mothers who visited the dental clinic in CDKSU during a two-month period took part in the study. Data were collected via a questionnaire which contained socio-demographic characteristics of the mothers and the feeding practices of their infants.
Result: The participants were aged 25-45 years. Mothers aged 25-35 years and 36-45 years significantly practiced breast feeding more than the mothers below age 25 years and above 45 years (ANOVA p < 0.05). Mothers with more than four children practiced breast feeding more than others while those with one or two children used synthetic milk more often. No significant difference was found between type of feeding and educational level (p=0.1). However, there was a significant difference in feeding type by number of children (p=0.003). Mothers\u27 age, level of education and the number of children all related to the age of the child when breast feeding was stopped. The habit of leaving the bottle or breast in child\u27s mouth while the child fell asleep was only significantly related to the mothers\u27 age but not to the level of education or number of children.
Conclusion: Mothers with more than four children practiced breast feeding more frequently while those with one or two children tend to feed their children with synthetic milk. The mothers\u27 level of education did not influence the type of feeding
Unerupted maxillary central incisors: a case report and review of the literature
No full textMissing or unerupted central incisors in a child can have a major impact on oro-facial aesthetics. This may be a source of great psychological concern to child and parents by virtue of its prominent anterior location. Non-eruption could be due to hereditary and local environmental factors. Surgical and/or orthodontic intervention is often required in the management of the condition especially after six months since the eruption of the contra lateral tooth. In this report, a nine year old boy presented with unerupted maxillary right central and lateral incisors. The management involved clinical, radiographic and orthodontic assessment. A diagnosis of hyperplastic gingivae preventing eruption of the incisors was made. Removal of the obstruction and exposure of the crowns of the teeth resulted in their spontaneous eruption and subsequent alignment in the maxillary arch. It is concluded that teeth which have not erupted six months after their normal eruption time be examined radiographically. Early removal of causative factors leads to better prognosis This mixed dentition anomaly of tooth eruption was conservatively managed by paedodontist
Implications of low dental awareness in Nigeria
No full textKey note address at the Biennial General Meeting and Scientific Conference of the Nigerian Dental Association in April 2008: I congratulate the Nigerian Dental Association on this occasion of the 2008 Biennial General Meeting and Scientific Conference of the Association. In particular, I congratulate the Executive Committee for all they have done to ensure that the Association is actively involved in the professional activities of the Medical and Dental Counncil of Nigeria. I thank the Association for inviting me to be the Keynote Speaker at this meeting. I have been asked to speak on the title \\u27Implications of low dental awareness in Nigeria\\u27. As a community dentist, I reckon that this topic is coming at the right time. I intend to share my views on this stimulating topic with you all, hoping that at the end of the tunnel, there will be a light, a light for us to see brighter in the profession and to brighten the communities we serve
Oral hygiene and periodontal status among children and adolescents residing at an orphanage in Udaipur city, India.
No full textObjective: To assess the oral hygiene and periodontal status; to analyze the influence of age, education, institutionalization and oral hygiene practices on oral hygiene status among children residing at an orphanage in Udaipur city, India.
Method: The total sample comprised of 256 male children and adolescents between the ages 5 to 16 years residing at an orphanage in Udaipur city, India. Clinical examination included assessment of oral hygiene and periodontal status using OHI-S (Oral Hygiene Index Simplified) and CPI (Community Periodontal Index) respectively.
Result: The overall prevalence of periodontal disease was 89.1%. Debris was the dominant expression of oral hygiene index in all the age groups. Mean OHI- S along with mean scores of its components increased with age. The proportions of subjects with gingival bleeding decreased significantly with age and those with calculus increased steadily with age. The overall mean number of healthy sextants was 3.5 and this decreased with age. Bivariate and multivariate analysis revealed that age, education, years of institutionalization, tooth cleaning frequency and substance used to clean teeth was significantly related to debris,calculus and oral hygiene status.
Conclusion: Oral hygiene status was generally good, with barely 12.9% subjects exhibiting poor oral cleanliness and the overall prevalence of periodontal disease was 89.1%. Age, level of education, years of institutionalization and oral hygiene practices were significantly related to oral hygiene status
Every smile is special: Healthy Athletes Special Smiles Program makes a difference
No full textA smiling face on an individual can represent someone who may be happy, thankful or witnessing something that may strike them as being funny. But a smile could also denote a person with a positive self-image and self-esteem, personal well-being, or an individual with good overall health including good dental health free from pain or infection. Everyone deserves an opportunity to smile including the 190 million people worldwide with intellectual disabilities, along with the 2.5 million Special Olympics athletes competing in sports events locally, nationally, regionally and globally who live in many countries and counting the 6,374 Nigerian athletes who competed in Nigeria Special Olympics events in 2007. Unfortunately, many Special Olympics athletes as well as other individuals with intellectual disabilities are unable to access needed and often medically necessary dental care. This unmet care can cause significant oral pain and infection of both their dentition and supporting soft tissues which, if left untreated could result in considerable morbidity or death. The Special Olympics Special Smiles Program (SOSS) is trying to change worldwide the recognized inadequate access to comprehensive dental care for people with intellectual disabilities by providing educational and training programs for dentists, dental hygienists, dental students, dental hygiene students, dental educators, community leaders and government officials
Global Theme Issue: Poverty and Human Development The effect of poverty on access to oral health care in Nigeria
No full textNigeria is a country with a population of over 140 million people (1). Over 60% of Nigerians live in rural areas. Poverty is especially severe in rural areas where social services and infrastructure are limited or non existent. Africa is the continent where the poorest people in the world live. Nigeria is the most populous black African country where about 70% of the population live under one dollar per day (2). Nigeria has been classified as a poor nation. In Nigeria, majority of those living in rural areas are poor and depend on agriculture for food and income. Small scale farmers who cultivate tiny plots of land and depend on rainfall rather than irrigation system produce about 90% of the country\\u27s food. Women play a major role in the production, processing and marketing of food crops. The poorest group go on subsistence living but are often short of food, particularly during the pre-harvest period. Many poor Nigerians suffer from malnutrition and other diseases related to poor nutrition such as acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) and cancrum oris (3-6). The HIV/AIDS pandemic has also taken a heavy toll on the rural population and could be considered an emerging public health problem. The extremes of poverty in Nigeria are outrageous. The outrage is not just that avoidable deprivation, suffering and death are intolerable; it is also that these situations coexist with affluence. Corruption is endemic in Nigeria and this has impoverished the nation. Intergenerational poverty exists in the country. Fight against poverty is necessary to reduce intergenerational transfer of poverty in Nigeria because most Nigerian children are born into poverty. The oral health status of underprivileged Nigerians is generally poor. Many Nigerians suffer from oral diseases such as caries, fracture teeth, gingivitis, periodontitis, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, cancrum oris, malocclusion, tumours and other dental problems (7-15). Non availability of National data on the prevalence of common oral diseases among Nigerians is a major problem and poses a great challenge to the Nigerian Dental Association whose members are major stakeholders regarding oral health care delivery system in the country. Lack of national data has affected planning meaningful oral health care for Nigerians. This paper identified the barriers to access oral health care and stress the various strategies by which the Nigerian Dental Association and all stakeholders could assist the Federal Government of Nigeria to overcome these barriers and formulate policies that will prevent oral disease and move the nation forward to achieve the millennium development goal
