282 research outputs found
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An In vitro comparative evaluation of a hand file and three rotary Nill Instruments for removing gutta percha during root canal re-treatmen
No full textObjective: To evaluate the efficacy of NITI mechanical rotary instrumentation and Hedstrom file for gutta percha removal using dearing technique.Method: Forty extracted human single rooted premolar, each with a single canal were selected. The samples were decoronated to leave 17 mm root and Instrumented with K-flles upto MAF 30 using step back technique. Samples were obturated using cold lateral condensation of gutta-perdta and AH Plus sealer. The teeth were then randomly divided Into four groups of 10 specimens each. After 2 weeks all the canals were then retreated by either ProTaper re-treatment files, M--two re-treatment files, R-Endo re-treatment flies or Hedstrom flies. The amount of remaining filling materials after re-treatment procedures was assessed by stereomlcroscope. Also time required for reaching original working length and for removal of obturating material (in min) was measured. Statistical analysis was accomplished using one way Kruskal-Wallls ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test.Result: M-two re-treatment flies showed least amount of gutta perdta/sealer followed by Pro Taper re-treatment files, R-Endo re-treatment flies and Hedstrom files.Conclusion: Under the experimental conditions, significant difference was observed between Pro Taper re-treatment flies&... Hedstrom flies and Mtwo re-treatment flies&... Hedstrom flies for gutta percha/sealer removal. Complete removal of materials did not occur with any of the instrument systems investigated.
 
Periodontal status and treatment needs of primary school teachers in the absence of formal school oral health programme
No full textObjective: Information Is sparse about the periodontal health of teachers who play important roles in prevention of oral diseases in schools, especially in developing countries where the promotion of oral health In school programmes Is still sub-optimal. The objective of the study was to evaluate the periodontal health status and periodontal treatment needs of primary school teachers In a country lacking formal school-based oral health programmes.Method: This was a descriptive survey in which intraoral examination was conducted on 407 primary school teachers. Recordings on the oral hygiene status using OHl-S, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocketing and treatment needs with CPITN and tooth mobility were obtained by a trained and calibrated examiner. Information on sociodemographic characteristics was also sought. Data were analysed using SPSS and the level of significance set atp<0.05Result: None of the teachers had healthy periodontium, 3 bled to probing. 284 had calculus accumulation and 109 had shallow pockets while 11 had deep periodontal pocketing. Majority (80.6%) of the teachers had poor oral hygiene and 43 ( 10.6%) had one or more mobile teeth. A higher proportion of rural based teachers had periodontal pockets compared to those in urban areas (38.5% vs. 26.7%, p = 0.026). Older teachers were more likely to have mobile teeth (p = 0.002). There were significant positive correlations between OHI-S, CPITN score and number of mobile teeth.Conclusion: Periodontal disease Is highly prevalent among primary school teachers In the country with calculus accumulation being the predominant feature. The periodontal treatment need of most of the teachers Is In the form of oral prophylaxis and non-surgical periodontal. treatment
Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer amongst dental therapists in Nigeria: A pilot study
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Lymphoepitheloal-like carcinoma of the submandibular gland
No full textLymphoepithelial-like carcinoma (LELC) of the salivary gland is uncommon, with about 80% of these occurring In the parotid gland. Its occurrence In the submandibular gland is very rare. It has a higher Incidence In Eskimos and Orientals. Apart from a report about a North-African woman with LELC of the submandibular gland, to the best of the authors\u27 knowledge, there are no other African reports In the English literature. We therefore report the case of a 3-year painless right submandibular swelling in a female Nigerian diagnosed as LELC. The patient was managed by submandibular salivary gland surgical excision with adjuvant chemotherapy and is currently disease free.
 
A study of histopathological variants of orofacial llpoma in a Nigerian population
No full textObjective: The rarity of llpoma In the orofacial region has made It difficult to ascertain the dinlcopathological pattern of orofadal lipoma in our environment. This study alms to determine the age, gender, sites and histopathological variants of orofadal llpoma In a Nigerian population.
Method: A 21-year retrospective review was performed on patients\u27 dlnlcal notes, histopathology slides and reports of all histopathologically diagnosed orofacial lesions in the Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
Result: Of the 1116 diagnosed lesions within the study period, there were 15 (1.3%) cases of lipoma. There was a female to male ratio of 2: 1, with a mean age of 31±1.2 years and the peak age group was the 4111 decade of life (n=6, 40.0%). The buccal mucosa (n=B, 53.3%) and the forehead (n =4, 26. 7%) were the commonest orofacial sites of the lesion. The conventional llpoma (n=B, 53.3%) was the predominant lesion, followed by angiolipoma (n=3, 20.0%), flbrollpoma (n= 2, 13.3%), spindle cell llpoma (n= 1, 6. 7%) and Intramuscular llpoma (n= 1, 6. 7%).
Conclusion: This study revealed a low prevalence of orofacial lipoma comparable to previous report. The lesion occurred predominantly In adult females and the buccal mucosa was the commonest orofacial site. Apart from the conventional lipoma. angiolipoma was the second most frequent hlstopathological variant of the lesion. Early surgical Intervention andhistopathological evaluation of clinically suspicious cases of orofacial lipoma is recommended, to avoid facial disfigurement and to rule out a malignant lesion mimicking the benign type.
 
A study of tooth brushing pattern and its effects on dental tissues in Obafemi Awolowo University students
No full textObjective: To determine the tooth brushing patterns among Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) students and the effects on dental tissues.Method: A convenient sampling technique was used to select 100 undergraduate students of the Obafemi Awolowo University. A self administered questionnaire designed to determine respondents\u27 demographics and tooth brushing techniques was employed. Thereafter, dental examination was carried out on all respondents. Data was inputted and subjected to computer analysis using the Statistical package for social science version 17.0 (SPSS).Result: Majority (95%) of the respondents used toothbrush in cleaning their teeth while 7% combined toothbrush and chewing stick. Ninety nine percent of the respondents used toothpaste in cleaning their teeth, 72.7% of the respondents brushed their teeth once a day and 24.2% brushed twice a day. Fifty two percent of the respondents who brushed twice a day were females, while 48% were males. The pattern of tooth brushing was correct in 51.7% of the respondents as reported. Use of highly abrasive agents was also rare. Gingival recession was found in 31% of subjects (p=0.15) that employed hard texture toothbrush. The prevalence of non carious cervical lesion was 3% and these lesions were found in males only.Conclusion: The pattern of tooth brushing was correct in 51.7% of the respondents as reported. However the effect on dental tissues though present is not exaggerated when compared to other studies done in other parts of the world.
 
Oral ulcerative lesions: a review of 55 cases in Benin-City, Nigeria
No full textObjective: This study aims to determine the incidence, age, gender, site and treatment outcome of oral ulcerative lesions in Benin City, Nigeria.Method: This is a 3-year retrospective review of all ulcerative oral lesions seen at the Dental Centre, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. The medical records, laboratory and histopathology reports of the patients seen between April 2008 and March 2011 the study period were reviewed. All cases of oral ulcerations were selected and patients with erosive mucosa lesions were excluded from this study.Result: A total of 55 (1.3%) cases of oral ulcers were diagnosed amongst the 4092 oral lesions seen within the study period. There were 33(60.0%) males and 22 (40.0%) females, giving a ratio of 1.5:1. Most of the patients were in the 3rd decade (n=18, 32.7%). Recurrent aphthous ulcer (n=26, 47.3%) was the most frequent lesion, followed by infective ulcers (n=9, 16.4%), traumatic ulcers (n=8, 14.5%), immune mediated ulcers (n=7, 12.7%) and neoplastic (malignant) ulcers (n=5, 9.1%). Majority of the ulcers occurred in multiple oral mucosal sites (n=21, 38.1%), while the gingiva (n=10, 18.2%) was the commonest solitary oral mucosal site for the ulcers. A good treatment outcome was observed for most of the oral ulcers except for the deep mycosis and malignant oral ulcers.Conclusion: A lower incidence of oral ulcers was observed in this study compared to previous report in a black African population. The oral ulcers were commoner in adult males and the gingiva was the most frequent solitary site. The lesions were mostly those of local origin, with RAU accounting for majority of the cases studied. The treatment outcome was good for most of the oral ulcers except for the deep mycosis and malignant oral ulcers.
 
Preventing HIV/AIDS through education: the role of primary and secondary school teachers in Nigeria
No full textObjective: This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge, opinion and practices of Nigerian primary and secondary school teachers on HIV/AIDS education.Method: A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on demography, knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention, training on HIV transmission and prevention and teaching of students on HIV/AIDS. A composite scale for HIV knowledge was defined by pooling all scored knowledge variables based on 25 questions. Knowledge was adjudged good if 20 – 25 questions were answered correctly; fair if 13 – 19 questions were correct and poor if less than 13 were correct.Result: Using the composite scale for knowledge, less than half (48.9%) had good knowledge, 41.5% had fair knowledge while 9.6% had poor knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention. Primary school teachers were less knowledgeable than their secondary school counterparts (p = 0.000). Only 46.3% (n = 125) of the teachers reported educating their students about HIV/AIDS. Most teachers blamed the non inclusion of HIV in the school curriculum for not teaching students about HIV while others (38%) claimed the children were too young to be educated on HIV/AIDS.Conclusion: Teachers can make a major contribution in preventing HIV transmission in Nigeria. About 90% of them had good to fair knowledge but misconceptions were noted. There is a great need for proper training of teachers to correct misconceptions so that they can impart correct knowledge to the students. Lack of inclusion of HIV/AIDS education in the curriculum calls for a serious policy change.
 
Surgical management of intraosseous compound odontome preserving permanent incisors - report of two cases
No full textOdontomas are considered to be hamartomatous malformations rather than tumours. Compound odontomas are mostly found in anterior maxilla and complex odontomas are more prevalent in posterior mandible. Although the pathology is benign, early intervention is required to avoid the subsequent complications and ensure a better prognosis. Two case reports are presented where compound odontomas were associated with impacted teeth. In the first case, an unusually giant odontome caused impaction of both central and lateral incisor. Combined surgical and orthodontic treatment was required for eruption of central incisor whereas lateral incisor erupted after surgical exposure. In the second case surgical removal of the odontome and exposure of the incisal edge led to eruption of the impacted incisor.
 
