Public Health Institute Journal (LJMU)
Not a member yet
380 research outputs found
Sort by
Comparing air quality pre, during and post-FIFA World Cup 2022 in Doha, Qatar.
No full textBackground: Air pollution is a pressing global environmental issue that significantly affects public health and the quality of life. Mega events, such as the FIFA World Cup, can have substantial impacts on air quality due to increased industrial activities, transportation, and urban development. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 during three different phases of the FIFA World Cup in Doha and Dammam, aiming to assess the temporal variations and implications for air quality management.
Methods: The study collected air quality data during the pre-event, during event, and post-event periods to analyse the pollution levels. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel version 20.0.
Results: Results of the statistical comparison based on the comparison of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in Doha and Dammam during three different phases-Pre, During, and Post FIFA World Cup shows that in Doha, the median PM10 concentration increased from 48.39 μg/m³ during the pre-phase to 53.681 μg/m³ during the “during phase”, then significantly increased to 491.477 μg/m³ in the post phase. Similarly, for PM2.5, Doha showed a slight increase from 37.100 μg/m³ in the “pre-phase” to 39.933 μg/m³ during the “during phase”, followed by a significant increase to 1203.478μg/m³ in the “post phase”. Comparatively, in Dammam, PM10 concentrations increasing from 57.673 μg/m³ (Pre) to 65.069μg/m³ (During) and then decreasing to 57.755 μg/m³ (Post). PM2.5 concentrations followed a slight increasing pattern, with values of 57.673μg/m³ (Pre), 65.069 μg/m³ (During), and increase to 77.164μg/m³ (Post). The study highlights the importance of robust air quality management policies and emphasizes the need for post-event cleanup efforts. These findings contribute to the understanding of air pollution dynamics during mega events and provide guidance for future air quality research and policy development.
Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of robust air quality management policies and emphasizes the need for post-event cleanup efforts. These findings contribute to the understanding of air pollution dynamics during mega events and provide guidance for future air quality research and policy development
A qualitative study exploring attitudes, opinions and concerns about vaping among students in Liverpool John Moores University.
No full textBackground: Vaping is a device designed for inhaling and exhaling vapor containing nicotine, flavours, and other chemicals into the lungs. Some researchers have suggested that vaping is considered a safer alternative for health and may assist in quitting smoking tobacco. Additionally, documented evidence indicates that environmental concerns and attitudes towards vaping influence vaping cessation and prevalence.
Methods: A qualitative research design was chosen to explore the complex and multidimensional phenomena related to vaping, allowing for a deeper understanding of participants\u27 experiences. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were utilized to select suitable participants. Semi-structured interviews conducted via Microsoft Teams facilitated data collection, which was subsequently analysed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and themes. Ethical considerations were paramount throughout the study, ensuring confidentiality and informed consent. While some limitations and potential biases exist, the study\u27s transparency and credibility were maintained through careful sample selection and proper citations of relevant literature.
Results: Five key themes emerged, highlighting vaping as a source of pleasure, relaxation, and overall well-being for participants. Vaping was seen as a coping strategy for stress and anxiety, and many respondents perceived it as a safer alternative to tobacco consumption. Participants expressed difficulty in giving up vaping due to the addictive nature and satisfaction derived from the practice. These findings shed light on the complex perceptions and experiences of individuals regarding vaping and its impact on their lives.
Conclusion: This study contributes to the current body of knowledge on vaping and provides important insights for policymakers, public health professionals, and educators in formulating strategies to address vaping-related issues and promote healthier choices among young adults. This study will help in conducting further research to explore vapers\u27 perceptions towards vaping activity and to investigate the impact and influence of vaping on health risks
A quantitative study exploring knowledge of menopause and hormone replacement therapy among Liverpool John Moores University Kerala students.
No full textBackground: Menopause is a natural phase in a woman\u27s life, yet its awareness and understanding among diverse populations remains a critical concern. This study focused on assessing menopause awareness, symptom comprehension, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) understanding among students from Kerala studying at Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU). The aim was to unravel the depth of knowledge and contribute to better health literacy.
Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted, gathering responses from 103 participants. The survey was designed to explore participants\u27 demographics, their understanding of menopause and HRT, recognition of symptoms, and awareness of health risks associated with menopause. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, highlighting the diversity of demographics and the range of knowledge levels.
Results: The study revealed a foundational understanding of menopause, with participants recognizing hormonal changes and cessation of menstruation. However, variations emerged in symptom recognition, with night sweats acknowledged prominently, while others, like decreased sexual interest, were less acknowledged. Awareness of health risks varied, with depression and anxiety recognized, but awareness of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases remained moderate. HRT comprehension displayed nuanced knowledge, with uterine cancer recognized as a potential side effect, while cardiovascular disease awareness was relatively lower.
Conclusions: The research underscores the need for tailored education initiatives that address gaps in knowledge and target specific demographic segments. While the study\u27s limitations, including its sample size and geographic scope, are acknowledged, the findings provide a foundation for future research endeavours. Ultimately, this study contributes to the broader goal of enhancing health literacy and well-being among individuals navigating the complexities of menopause
Exploration of interventions in county lines and the challenges that professionals face for effective delivery, within the city of Liverpool: A qualitative study.: Public Health Dissertation Prize Winner
No full textBackground: The phenomenon of children being exploited by county lines has been widely researched in relation to the grooming process, the push and pull factors that lead a child into county lines and the significant physical and mental health impact that the child suffers as a result. There has been little academic research, however, in the interventions that professionals deliver and the challenges and the barriers that they face in doing so. This study focuses on the Liverpool area, which is now after London, the top exporter of drugs via county lines.
Methods: A qualitative approach was utilised to conduct the research, underpinned by grounded theory. A total of seven participants were recruited via purposive sampling. Semi- structured interviews were conducted. Interviews were recorded and then transcribed. Thematic analysis was then implemented to analyse the results.
Results: The findings yielded six themes and several sub- themes. The challenges to successful delivery of interventions were identified as: contextual safeguarding and a no grass culture within Liverpool. Schooling and education were also identified as a barrier, particularly due to exclusion and the provision of alternative placements. Thirdly, multi- agency working and information sharing also impacted on delivery of interventions. The understanding of terminology in relation to county lines and its tendency to criminalise the child was also identified. The push and pull factors of county lines emerged as a theme, with acknowledgement that most children who were exploited have suffered adverse childhood experiences. Strong drivers from poverty, familial criminality and children with additional educational needs were identified. Finally, the lack of funding and resources for agencies who are working with children involved in county lines was also a strong theme.
Conclusion: County lines is child abuse and a complex public health issue. Professionals are faced with strong challenges to deliver effective interventions to children who are involved in this activity. Changes in traditional child protection methods should be considered, alongside an agreed national definition of child criminal exploitation, which does not criminalise the child. More funding and resourcing for communities and professionals are needed. Tackling county lines should be a priority for the United Kingdom Government
The public health impacts of antimicrobial resistance in Africa and responses to reduce this: A scoping review.
No full textBackground: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a cogent public health issue bedevilling low- and middle- income countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. Up until now, existing research on AMR in Africa have not assessed the state of AMR surveillance and monitoring as part of measures to curb the menace of AMR. This research mapped the literature on AMR surveillance in the World Health Organisation (WHO) African region with the intent of providing an understanding of the current trends in AMR surveillance in the region and justifying the need for a systematic review on the topic or otherwise.
Methods: The identification of eligible sources was carried via systematic searches on the databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Medline and Google Scholar. Furthermore, screening of identified sources was carried out using a pre-defined eligibility criterion. The database search yielded 1796 records in total which were screened based on the eligibility criteria. 20 sources that fulfil the eligibility criteria were included in the scoping reviews. Moreover, narrative synthesis approach guided the summary and synthesis of findings of the eligible studies.
Results: The coding process for the narrative synthesis yielded three distinct themes: poor data availability and management; poor implementation of National Action Plans (NAPs) and inadequate AMR surveillance systems and variable implementation of NAPs. The outcome of the narrative synthesis demonstrate that African countries are at different levels of NAP implementation. In addition, findings indicate that countries of Eastern Africa sub-region were more successful with AMR surveillance strategies and are more accomplished in terms of NAPs implementation and AMR surveillance of antimicrobial use. Furthermore, the outcome of the narrative synthesis demonstrates that infrastructural deficit, shortage of laboratory facilities for AMR testing and diagnostics, poor healthcare funding, poor data management due to paucity of laboratory-based AMR surveillance, weak regulation of antimicrobial drug sale, purchase and use, and paucity of financial resources and skilled AMR diagnostics experts are debilitating factors undermining AMR surveillance in the African continent.
Conclusion: This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of current literature on AMR surveillance in Sub-Saharan Africa. The outcome of the study provides directions for further research and provides impetus for the conduct of a systematic review on the current state of AMR surveillance and AMR stewardship in Africa. In addition, the study provides valuable information that can guide policy formulation on AMR surveillance in the WHO African region
Exploring the attitudes towards hormone replacement therapy among Liverpool John Moores University Kerala students: A quantitative study.
No full textBackground: This dissertation offers a comprehensive exploration of Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU) Kerala students\u27 attitudes towards Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT).
Methods: Through a meticulous analysis of data collected from 103 participants, who are from Kerala, India and currently studying at LJMU, the investigation delved into participants\u27 familiarity with HRT.
Results: Intriguing differences based on gender were revealed. Males exhibit higher familiarity levels (57.6%) compared to females (42.4%), while females express less familiarity (56.7%) than males (43.3%). There was no statistical difference in familiarity with HRT between different age groups. This gender- based disparity points towards diverse sources of information and potential gaps in health education. The attitudes towards recommending HRT to menopausal women were examined, unveiling intriguing age-based patterns. The youngest group (18-24) demonstrated scepticism, with a notable 45.20% expressing disagreement. The 25-30 age group indicated higher agreement (44.80%), suggesting a more receptive stance towards HRT. Notably, respondents above 30 exhibited cautious attitudes, with 25.40% agreeing and 9.70% disagreeing, highlighting generational influences. The study showed there was no statistically significant difference in attitudes based on age group. The study investigates attitudes towards natural approaches versus HRT, revealing generational variations. The 18-24 age group leaned towards natural approaches (52.90% agreement), while the 25-30 age group displayed stronger favour (60.50%). Conversely, above 30, a preference for HRT (60%) became evident, reflecting evolving generational perceptions. There was significant association between age group and the attitude on choosing natural approaches other than HRT. Factors influencing HRT attitudes were analysed, encompassing information sources, cultural beliefs, personal experiences, scientific research, and media. Healthcare professionals wielded considerable influence (30.1%), indicating reliance on authoritative guidance. Personal experiences (21.35%) and scientific research (17.5%) played pivotal roles, underlining the significance of peer narratives and evidence-based information. Media and internet sources (19.9%) contributed, highlighting digital information\u27s potency, while cultural or religious beliefs (10.7%) underscored personal value influences.
Conclusion: The results suggest that there is no statistical significance between gender and the factors associated with the use of HRT. The role of healthcare professionals in educating about HRT\u27s benefits and risks reflects gender-based nuances. The study underscores the significance of tailored interventions for distinct age groups. The analysis evaluates individualized decision-making in pursuing HRT, emphasizing the importance of individual preferences in healthcare decisions. HRT\u27s accessibility is investigated, with age-based variations emerging. Respondents above 30 reflect diverse opinions, underscoring the need for equitable healthcare access. There was no significance in the result. Lastly, the study explores attitudes towards more research on HRT\u27s long-term effects, revealing differing gender-based opinions. Females express stronger agreement, emphasizing the necessity for ongoing research to inform healthcare choices. The results suggest that there is no significance in shaping attitudes regarding the requirement for additional research and studies on HRT. In summary, this study offers profound insights into LJMU Kerala students\u27 diverse attitudes towards HRT. It unravels gender and age dynamics, illuminates multifaceted factors shaping perceptions, which can be useful for further university studies
A quantitative study on work related stress among health care assistants working in care homes in the United Kingdom.
No full textBackground: This study investigated the stress experienced by healthcare assistants working in United Kingdom (UK) care homes, a field that has seen an influx of migrant workers, especially students. Given the growing elderly population and evolving healthcare demands, the research explored what caused stress in these workers.
Methods: Data was collected through an online questionnaire. There was a total of 59 respondents from the Healthcare Assistants field. The target population was healthcare assistants from care homes in the UK and the questionnaire was shared to WhatsApp groups.
Results: The study\u27s results revealed significant insights into the work-related stress experienced by healthcare assistants in UK care homes. Most participants reported experiencing stress, with only a small percentage indicating otherwise. Healthcare workers found it challenging to balance their personal and professional lives. Very few individuals opted for this career path in the long term.
Conclusion: It is evident that the existing stress management programs in care homes are insufficient to adequately protect the health and well-being of healthcare workers. There are multiple factors contributing to the experience of stress, which must be addressed to safeguard the overall welfare of both employees and organizations
A qualitative study exploring the post-natal care experiences and expectations of first-time mothers in Nigeria.
No full textBackground: The postnatal period is an important time for mothers and new-borns. Care during this period is essential for new mothers to have a comfortable and confident start in their family life. Studies have highlighted areas of postnatal care dissatisfaction amongst mothers. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the postnatal care expectations with the experiences of FTMs (First-time mothers) in Nigeria to contribute to the sparse evidence base of postnatal care in Nigeria and to promote a continuity of care from the delivery room until hospital discharge.
Methods: The study employed qualitative data collected from semi structured interviews, which was transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Eight first-time mothers who had accessed postnatal care either privately or through public funded clinics in Nigeria were interviewed.
Results: Identified themes included “Neglect of Postpartum Follow-Up Care,” “Inadequate Information and Guidance,” “Mental Health Neglect,” “Emotional Well-being and Support Systems,” and "Inadequate Postnatal Checks." Findings identified crucial areas for improvement in postpartum support for first-time mothers in the Nigerian healthcare system.
Conclusion: A healthier Nigerian society will result from placing a high priority on comprehensive maternity healthcare. Stakeholders should collaborate to build a more nurturing and responsive healthcare system for first- time mothers in Nigeria by identifying and solving these challenges
Knowledge and perception of the negative outcomes of tobacco smoking among teenagers attending a public university in Benin city, Nigeria.
No full textBackground: Most tobacco smokers begin tobacco smoking during adolescence and find it difficult to quit as they become dependent on the nicotine content of the tobacco product over time. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge levels, perception and attitudes towards the negative health outcomes associated with cigarette smoking by students from the University of Benin, Nigeria.
Methods: Approval for this research was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee at Liverpool John Moores University. Quantitative technique using a survey form adapted and modified from a previously validated questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was divided into four sub-sections and these sections contained questions pertaining to sociodemographic information as well as perceptions and attitudes in relation to tobacco smoking. Undergraduate students were recruited with the aid of a convenience sampling procedure via face-to-face interactions with a gatekeeper. Sixty students consented to participate and completed hard copies of the survey form. Only 50 completed forms (83.3%) were anonymously retrieved by the gatekeeper and mailed to the principal investigator. The responses from the completed forms were transcribed and coded on Microsoft excel. The coded data were exported to SPSS and frequency tables were generated. Two-way Pearson chi square association test between gender, age, current class level and several opinions on tobacco smoking was conducted using SPSS.
Results: It was revealed that 98% of students were non-tobacco smokers while 62 % of the respondent revealed the non-involvement of their close friends in tobacco smoking. All the observed associations between the respondent’s age, gender as well as the class level and the different smoking related opinions were insignificant.
Conclusion: Majority of the survey participants were knowledgeable of the negative health effects associated with tobacco smoking. The levels of knowledge, perception and attitude towards tobacco smoking disclosed by the students could be reflective of the effect of sensitization campaigns on the harmful effects of tobacco smoking
A survey of the knowledge and awareness of the harms of substance use among young adults in Nigeria.
No full textBackground: Substance use among young adults in Nigeria has been a growing concern, with potential implications for public health. This study aimed to assess young adults\u27 knowledge and awareness of the potential harms of substance use in Nigeria, emphasising the interaction between sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors and their self-reported knowledge of substance use.
Methods: Utilising a cross-sectional approach, the study employed SPSS analyses to evaluate data from respondents predominantly active on a social media platform. The sample consisted of 99 respondents, with a balanced gender distribution and a majority aged between 18 and 25 years.
Results: A significant portion of the respondents (71.7%) had tertiary education, suggesting a well-educated sample. The study found that 44.4% of respondents were familiar with substance use, with 54% recognizing using substances like cocaine as substance abuse. Awareness of the potential harms of substance use was evident, with 44.4% strongly agreeing about their familiarity with the term. Occupation emerged as a significant factor influencing perceptions of substance use and its associated health risks. Furthermore, the study highlighted the emotional implications of substance use, with occupation playing a pivotal role in self-reported emotional challenges and suicidal thoughts.
Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of understanding the perceptions and awareness of substance use among young adults in Nigeria. The influence of sociodemographic factors, particularly occupation, is evident in shaping these perceptions. There is a pressing need for targeted interventions and awareness campaigns to mitigate the risks associated with substance abuse
Data sources:
LJMU Research Online (Liverpool John Moo...PATT40 (LJMU)Biomolecular Research Reports (BRR) (LJM...Design and Technology Education (LJMU)BLResearchDay (LJMU)Journal of Living Labs (LJMU)Journal of Natural Products Discovery (L...Journal of Social Media for Learning (LJ...Student Law Journal (LJMU)PRISM (LJMU)
Public Health Institute Journal (LJMU)SPARK (LJMU)Student Experience Proceedings (LJMU)Transformation in Education (LJMU)Innovations in Practice (LJMU)Links to Health and Social Care (LJMU)
Public Health Institute Journal (LJMU)SPARK (LJMU)Student Experience Proceedings (LJMU)Transformation in Education (LJMU)Innovations in Practice (LJMU)Links to Health and Social Care (LJMU)Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Public Health Institute Journal (LJMU)? Access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard!