Advances in BioScience
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Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Hospital Environment in South Libya
Get PDFPseudomonas aeruginosa has been emerged as a significant pathogen and is the most common dreadful gram-negative bacilli found in various health care-associated infections all over the world due to its virulence, well-known ability to resist killing by various antibiotics and disinfectants. The aim of this study was isolation and identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the hospital environment and determining the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates to four antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin, Imipenem, and Piperacillin).
A total of 200 sterile cotton swab samples were collected from hospital environment including ground, walls, beds, bed sheets, blankets, doors, doors handle, nurse tables, trays, chairs, electronic equipment's, medicine cabinet, windows and (operation theater) (Sabha medical center and Brack general hospital were enrolled in this cross-sectional study). Bacterial isolates were identified by standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by disc diffusion method.
Results revealed that out of the 200 collected samples, 12 Pseudomonas spp. (6%) were isolated. Other different bacterial species isolated were 148 (74%) and 40 samples (20%) were negative for growth. Most isolates were obtained from sinks 6 (50%) and then ground 2 (16.7%), Air conditions 2 (16.7%), walls 1 (8.3%), Chairs 1 (8.3%). we found that all Pseudomonas spp. isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin, Piperacillin, and Imipenem
Studies on Liver Marker Enzymes (SGOT and SGPT) of fish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch.) after Famfos intoxication
Get PDFPesticide pollution is on increase through its increasing application in almost every field either it is household or agriculture where it is used widely. These pesticides reach to aquatic life by means of runoff water and other ways. The residual impact is increasing in aquatic fauna. Fishes are the best indicator of aquatic pollution and also used for human consumption. The residual effect adversely affects the liver marker enzymes (in serum) of fishes which are measured and discussed in the present study to assess the extent of damage caused by non-target effect of famfos to Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch.)
Prevalence and genotypes of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in large ruminants of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, North India
Get PDFUttar Pradesh is the fourth largest, most populous and leading milk and meat producing state in India. Despite the huge livestock population, information on the status of paratuberculosis homogeneity and heterogeneity of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) isolates of eastern Uttar Pradesh is non-existent. Present study was aimed to estimate the presence of MAP in large ruminants (Cattle and Buffaloes) of eastern Uttar Pradesh. A total 108 fecal samples were collected from farmer’s herds of large ruminants (cattle and buffaloes) from different geographical regions (Chandauli, Mughalsarai, Gazipur, and Naugarh) of eastern Uttar Pradesh and screened for the presence of MAP infection using microscopic examination, direct IS900 PCR and culture on Herrold egg yolk (HEY) medium. The isolates recovered on HEY medium were subjected to molecular identification and genotyping using IS900 PCR and IS1311 PCR-REA method, respectively. Of the 108 fecal samples, 25 (23.14%) and 11 (10.18%) samples were positive for the presence of acid-fast bacilli and growth on HEY medium, respectively. Species-wise, 17.5, 7.5% and 26.5, 11.7% fecal samples from cattle and buffaloes were found positive for the presence of acid-fast bacilli and growth on HEY medium, respectively. Isolates recovered on HEY medium with mycobactin J were positive for IS900 sequence and genotyped as Bison Type using IS1311 PCR-REA method. Present study is the first report on the presence of MAP infection and ‘Bison Type’ genotype of MAP in eastern Uttar Pradesh. These findings will be useful for the intervention of effective control measures in order to reduce the prevalence of MAP infection in domestic livestock species and prevent its spread to the human population in the regions
Ultra-differentiation of Sperm Tail of Lesser Egyptian Jerboa, Jaculus jaculus (Family: Dipodidae)
Get PDFIn the present study, events of sperm tail differentiation in Lesser Egyptian Jerboa, Jaculus jaculus were studied for the first time. Generally, stages of sperm tail differentiation are more or less similar to that described by other studies in other rodents. In the present species, special structures were observed. These structures include, first: the formation of a hollow large unit of microtubules that appears to surround the nuclear envelope at its equatorial plane. The manchette microtubules (MMs) are re-oriented toward the longitudinal direction and attached along hollow large unit of microtubules. Second, the formation of perinuclear space filled with an electron-translucent substance surrounds the posterior third of the developing nucleus. Third, the nuclear fossa and the connecting piece were inserted in the ventrodorsal region of the nucleus. Fourth, the fibrous sheath (FS) is formed of dextral spiral fibrous ribs. Finally, the sperm tail of the present species has a single outer FS, however, other rodents, having additional inner fibrous units, between the outer FS and the inner developing axoneme
A study on a sulfur spring (Ain Al Kibrit) ecosystem along Tigris River Mosul, Iraq
Get PDFAin Al Kibrit sulfur spring along Tigris River in contrast with two other stations, before and after the input to the Tigris River were studied. Some chemical, physical parameters (water temperature, pH, EC, alkalinity, total hardness, and sulfate) and total number of phytoplankton were studied during 2003-2004. Samples were taken from the spring, inlet, and outlet along the Tigris River. The results show 5-20 fold differences between stations in almost all parameters, whereas, thermostatic conditions were confirmed in Ain Al Kibrit (24±1). In contrast, the total number of phytoplankton when observed to be fifty folds less in Ain Al Kibrit. This study may be regarded as a first attempt to deal with such factors in this area
Twenty new Records of Algae in some Springs around Safeen Mountain Area
Get PDFThis study was carried out in 2015-2016 within Erbil governorate. A total of 151 algal species were identified from 8 divisions, 9 classes, 24 orders, 37 families and 72 genera. The majority of species were belonged to Chlorophyta with 68 species (45.033%), followed by Cyanophyta with 46 species (30.463%), Euglenophyta with 18 species (11.92%), Chrysophyta with 12 species (7.947%), Charophyta with 3 species occupied (1.987%), Rhodophyta with 2 species (1.32%) and each of Cryptophyta and Pyrrophyta with one species occupied (0.662%). Among them, 20 species and 6 genera are new records to Iraqi flora viz.: Komvophoron constrictum, Nephrocytium agardhianum, Lepocinclis fusiformis, Petalomonas sp., Heteronema acus, Peranema trichophorum and Chilomonas paramecium were recorded as new to the Iraqi algal flora
Heavy metal accumulation by Mosses as affected by roadside pollutants
Get PDFMosses sampling were collected from 10 sites within the Erbil governorate in October 2015 during dry condition. The samples were air dried and crushed to fine particulates using rotary, then after the heavy metals concentration were determined by Genius XRF spectrophotometer (Skyray Instruments, USA). Location Map of selected mosses distribution were made. The results revealed that the mean values of Pb was 52.25mg/kg, Hg was 0.01mg/kg, Mn was 162.8mg/kg, Fe was 1.655%, Cu was 8.27mg/kg, Zn was 162mg/kg, Ti was 851.1mg/kg, Co was 6.28mg/kg, Ni was 57.57mg/kg, As was 6.84mg/kg, Se was 0.19mg/kg and Cr was 9.73mg/kg. The statistical results indicated that there were significant difference (P<0.05) between sites and mosses species. The data obtained in this study was compared with that of WHO standards, the results revealed that the concentration of studied heavy metals were less than of WHO standards
The Integration of Microbial Inoculation and Organic Fertilization to Improve the Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in New Land
Get PDFThis study was conducted to investigate the integration between the microbial inoculation and organic fertilization to improve the wheat productivity. Therefore, two wheat varieties (Misr-1 and Seds-12) were tested under three rates (8, 10 and 12 tons/fed) of supported compost and various microbial inoculation treatments during of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons. The main obtained results revealed that the Misr-1 wheat variety recorded significant increases in yield and its components except average of grains number/spike during the two seasons. Moreover, the interaction among three experiment factors showed that Misr-1 wheat variety, 10 ton/fed of supported compost and microbial inoculation by Trichoderma + Bacillus subtilis gave the greatest values for number of spike/m2, spike weight, average grain weight per spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, total yield/fed and protein content. However, highest number of grains per spike were recorded with Seds-12 wheat variety and 10 tons/fed of supported compost + inoculated by Trichoderma + Bacillus subtilis
Sensory Evaluation and Feasibility Report of Plantain Sandwich for Nigerian Market
Get PDFProtein-energy malnutrition is a common nutritional disorder in developing countries and constitutes a major public health problem in young children and elderly people. This project is aimed at evaluating the acceptability of plantain-peanut sandwich and roasted at different temperatures. A plantain-peanut sandwich consists of minced protein stuffed into a carbohydrate source made into a roll as a food product. The plantain was roasted at two different temperatures than later enriched with 5%, 10% and 15% peanut butter. The crude protein and crude fibre contents of the plantain samples roasted at 200oC and 240oC showed no significant difference (P˃0.05) while the ash, fat and carbohydrate contents showed that there was a significant difference (P˂0.05). The results of the proximate composition showed that there was a significant difference (P˂0.05) at the two different roasting temperatures of 200oC and 240oC when enriched at 5%, 10% and 15% levels with peanut butter. This pattern of significant increase was also observed with the amino acid profiles at the two different roasting temperature levels. The sensory evaluation record shows that the mean scores for the appearance, taste, colour, aroma, mouthfeel and overall acceptability of the enriched roasted samples varied, but the plantain roasted at 240oC enriched with 15% peanut butter had the highest acceptability level. A feasibility study was carried out to investigate the possibility of producing and marketing a plantain-peanut sandwich. The study revealed that a starting point of 60 packs at 4 fingers per pack sold at 600 Naira per day gave an estimated turnover of 9 million Naira per annum. A breakeven point analysis revealed that a price break even point of 19.14% is feasible while a product breakeven of 18.04% of the estimated annual sales of 15,000 packs is also feasible
Pollen Morphology of Some Species in the Family Solanaceae
Get PDFThe study investigates the significance of pollen morphology in the systematics of some species in the family Solanaceae. Pollen grains from anthers of Solanum gilo Linn., Solanum macrocarpon Linn., Capsicum frutescens Linn., Capsicum chinense Jacq., Physalis angulata Linn., Solanum pimpinellifolium (L.) Mill., Datura metel Linn., Solanum indicum Linn., Solanum torvum Sw., Nicotiana tabacum Linn. were collected and acetolysed and studied according to standard methods. The pollen grains of the species of the family Solanaceae studied looked similar with some differences. Acolpate pollen grains were observed in Capsicum frutescens, Datura metel, Nicotiana tabacum, and Solanum gilo while monocolpate was observed in Capsicum chinense, Datura metel, Solanum gilo, and Solanum indicum. Bicolpate pollen grains were observed in Capsicum chinense, Solanum pimpinellifolium, Physalis angulata, Solanum gilo, Solanum indicum and Solanum torvum. Tricolpate pollens were observed in all the species except in Datura metel which has only acolpate and monocolpate pollen types indicating that it is a primitive dicotyledon. Datura metel pollen grains also have a characteristic thick wall and the highest mean diameter, which delimits it from the other species. Nicotiana tabacum is the only species with tetracolpate pollens which is a mark of recent evolutionary descent in comparison to the other species studied. The pollen grains sizes fall into the classification groups minuta (pollen grain diameter 10–25µm) and media (pollen grain diameter 25–50µm)