Advances in BioScience
Not a member yet
292 research outputs found
Sort by
Comparative Foliar Epidermal Studies of Twelve species in the Family Cyperaceae
Get PDFThe study investigated the leaf foliar epidermal characters of twelve species in the family Cyperaceae. This was with a view to finding additional characters of diagnostic or taxonomic importance. The epidermal peels were obtained by standard methods. The twelve species studied were Cyperus dilatatus Schum. & Thonn.; Cyperus difformis Linn.; Cyperus haspan Linn.; Cyperus distans Linn. (F.) Retz.; Cyperus imbricatus Linn.; Cyperus compressus Linn.; Kyllinga erecta Schumacher.; Kyllinga pumila Michx.; Kyllinga nemoralis (Forst.) Dandy ex Hutch.; Mariscus alternifolius Vahl.; Mariscus flabelliformis Kunth.; Rhynchospora corymbosa (Linn.) Britton.
Foliar epidermal peels were obtained by standard methods. Characters that were taxonomically important in delimiting the twelve species include presence or absence of prickle hair, trichomes, idioblasts, prismatic crystals and contiguous stomata on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces and Rhynchospora corymbosa was distinctly separated from the other species studied because it was the only hypostomatic species, while the others were amphistomatic, it was the only species with 1-5 rows of stomata per band and it had the highest stomata number. The distinct foliar epidermal separation of R. corymbosa validated its placement in the tribe Schoeneae with the other species studied in the tribe Cypereae.
C. distans was unique in having non–glandular, tripod-shaped, T–shaped, tricellular and three-arm shaped trichomes on the abaxial epidermal surface. The presence of prismatic crystals was also unique on the adaxial surface of C. distans and C. imbricatus. Big sized circular papillae on the intercoastal zone of C. haspan delimited it from all the other species studied. Out of the three Kyllinga species studied, idioblast was found on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces of K. erecta and K. pumila but absent in K. nemoralis
Screening of Aeromonads as associated pathogens from Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial infections in the aquaculture industry, West Bengal, India
Get PDFThe disease termed as ‘Ulcerative disease’ or ‘Erythematous disease’ is found in fishes and fish handlers and is caused by a group of waterborne Mycobacterium spp. called non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). The wounds are frequently invaded by secondary pathogens like Aeromonas spp. which is ubiquitous in nature. NTMs are free-living bacterium inhabiting water bodies, causing skin lesions in fish and fish handlers. The secondary invaders are natural inhabitants and are found in excess due to anthropogenic pollution in aquatic environments affecting the fishes and human subjects as low-level latent infectants in wounds caused by NTM. This study highlights the various aspects mycobacteriosis followed by secondary infection and hemorrhagic septicemia caused by Aeromonas spp. in the state of West Bengal (WB), India. NTM and Aeromonas spp. samples were examined from different districts of WB. In the case of Fish handlers, NTM infection as well as Aeromonas spp. infected wounds were highly significant (correlation coefficient (ρ) 0.859, p<0.01). Ulcerative fishes predominant with NTMs were significantly higher in the total samples studied (correlation coefficient 0.718, p<0.01) than the fishes infected with both Aeromonas spp. and NTM (ρ 0.188, p< 0.5). Systematic reporting of mycobacteriosis and associated pathogens studied here will help to improvise the drug regimes used in culture-based fisheries systems
Parasitic Protozoans in Some Edible Freshwater Fishes of River Asan, District Morena
Get PDFIn the present thesis, an effort has been made to study the various species of Myxobolus in freshwater fishes. Total 695 fishes belonging to different genera and 8 species are investigated for this purpose. Nine species of Myxobolus have been described. Their incidence, Morphology, and taxonomy are studied and compared. An attempt has been made to study the pathological effects of parasites on different organs viz. skin, muscles and gills. Effect of parasites on the growth of fishes is also noticed. Infection in muscles is caused by Myxobolus cultus, Myxobolus dujardini, Myxobolus cycloid, Myxobolus oviforme, Myxobolus cognati, Myxobolus ellipsoideus, Myxobolus cerebralis. The infection in Muscles is reported in Channa striatus, Clarias batrachus, Heteropneustes fossilis, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala and Wallago attu. Gills are infected by Myxobolus oviforme in Clarias batrachus. Myxosporidian infection is noticed in gill lamellae only. Skin and muscles are infected by Myxobolus oviforme in Clarias batrachus and the infection is reported in melanophores. Calcification is reported in gills only while necrosis is only noticed in the skin
An assessment of water quality of river Yamuna at Waterworks station, Agra
Get PDFThe present study is an effort to know the water quality of river Yamuna. The water of river Yamuna is collected and treated before supplying to the city. As the Yamuna river comes to Agra passing through several cities, some of them are industrial which dump their waste into the river. Besides this city waste or sewage is also dumped. As the river Yamuna passes through Ghats due to which various organic, as well as inorganic waste, are also added to the Yamuna river which increases the pollution load. “During our study at Waterworks, Agra, It was observed that the pH, Hardness, Chloride, and Alkalinity are always higher than the IS Standards. In river Yamuna’s water due to dumping problem many problems arise which increases the colour, pH as well as other physiochemical parameters. Due to which the colour becomes higher than the normal standard as by IS standards (Which is maximum 20 Hazon)”. Due to such an increased pollution in Yamuna river water, the water treatment at Waterworks, Agra become difficult and the chlorine dosing (Which is used for disinfection) and Alum dosing (For sedimentation) becomes higher and dosing quantity changes according to the seasonal variation in Yamuna river water
Evaluation of some Hydrobiological parameters in river Asan in Morena district
Get PDFIndustrialization, urbanization, population explosion and green revolution have deteriorated the various sources of water. The industrial effluents, sewage and polluted water from other sources when discharged into any stream or river not only cause pollution but drastically disturb the fauna & flora. The same is true for Asan River flowing in Madhya Pradesh. It, therefore, becomes a must to assess water quality of Asan at the downstream site (D) and upstream site (A) throughout its entire length in Morena district. It was since the beginning of 1970's that environmental pollution became a serious problem in India. Because of the rapid increase of population and concentration of factories around the coastal region of Asan. Significant alterations in hydrobiological parameters were observed
Biological Properties of Actinomycetes Isolated from Marine Sponges in Madagascar
Get PDFMarine actinomycetes are well known as a potential provider of novel bioactive compounds and currently considered as an important source of natural substances with unique chemical diversity. In this study, 20 marine actinomycetes were isolated from three Demospongia collected in the South East coast of Madagascar. Cultural, morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the isolates showed that they belong to the genus Streptomyces. The Antimicrobial activity of the strains was performed using the agar cylinder technique against pathogens bacteria, yeast and fungi. It resulted that 90% of the isolates showed activity against at least one or more of the test germs. The isolates were more active against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. Simultaneously, ethanol extracts of the isolates were tested for their antioxidant activity using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging test. Among tested extracts, those of Streptomyces M9 and M17 showed antioxidant activity against DPPH free radical with IC50 values of 12.8µg/ml and 12.4µg/ml, respectively
Ecology of Aquatic Plant Myriophyllum spicatum L. New record to Kurdistan, Erbil, Iraq
Get PDFThis work deals with the study of aquatic plant Eurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum L. new record to Kurdistan, It is submersed aquatic weed that can easily become excessive in growth and maybe a completely choked small shallow pond. The ecological habitats, distribution, growth characteristic, species description, taxonomical status, economically important and other information, including their control in the aquatic ecosystem, are given in the text. In Kurdistan this plant found in several small and shallow ponds, at the edge of the Greater Zab River behind Kapran village near Gwer sub-district, this area is free from ecological and biological studies. Ecologically the waters are natural, hard, alkaline, rich in nutrients and Cl-1 ions. And contain a certain amount of heavy metal such as (Mg+², Zn+², Cu+², Fe+², Cr+², Cd) but lead (Pb) was not detected
Isolates of Some Rotting Fruits Collected at Yankaba Market, Kano, Nigeria
Get PDFStudies on fungi isolates were carried out over a period of 4 weeks with different rotting fruits that were collected from sellers in Yankaba market, Kano. The fruits are sweet orange, apple, pineapple, watermelon, banana, pawpaw, coconut and wild bush mango were collected in clean sterile polythene bags separately. Each of the samples was cultured and isolated at room temperature (370C). Materials used in culturing included Petri-dishes with potato dextrose agar as the media. Methylene blue was used in mounting and slide staining. It took a period of 7 days to incubate and isolate the fungi namely Aspergillus spp., Sclerotium spp., Trichoderma spp., Gloeosporium spp., Rhizopus spp. and Rhizoctonia spp. were responsible for post-harvest deterioration of fresh fruits and vegetables. Rhizopus spp. had the highest frequency of occurrence
Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria that Cause External Ocular Infections in Sabha City Libya
Get PDFThe aim of this study was the isolation and identification of the specific bacterial pathogens causing ocular infections in patients attending Sabha Eye Clinics. A total of 120 samples were collected using a sterile cotton swab from patients with conjunctivitis (aged between 1 to more than 60 years) attending different Eye Clinics in Sabha city (under the supervision of ophthalmologists). All samples were examined by Gram stain, culture on blood agar, mannitol salt agar and MacConkey agar. Different biochemical tests were studied. Results revealed that the species of bacteria isolated were: Staphylococcus aureus (40%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (20%), Klebsiella pneumoniae species (10%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22%) and E. coli 8%
Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution on Survival and Protein Changes in Liver and Intestine of Fresh Water Fish Tilapia mossambica
Get PDFThe heavy metal salts constitute a very serious type of pollution because they are stable compounds and are not readily removed by oxidation, participations or other means and affect the activity of animals. The toxicity of Hg, Cd, Zn and their compound to fish has received the attention of a number of workers in recent years. In the present study, it is observed that contents of protein decreased gradually with an increase in concentrations of metals and damage of respiratory surface