Advances in BioScience
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The Effect of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans Extracted from Acanthaster planci on Full Thickness Excision Wound Healing in Animal Model
Get PDFIn this study, sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was extracted from Acanthaster planci and its wound healing effects was assessed. Macroscopic examination revealed significant (p<0.05) contraction percentage (%) of wound on each observation (Day 1, Day 6 and Day 12) as compared to control group. Microscopic evaluations using light microscope, scanning, and transmission electron microscope showed that sulfated GAGs from A. planci enhanced epithelial cells migration and fibroblasts proliferation, and stimulate dense organisation of collagen fibers on the 12th day of observation, significantly (p<0.05) compared to control group. The microscopic study concluded that the second-intention excisional wound healing occurs faster in the GAGs treated group as compared to the saline-treated control group, while microscopical study using light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscope revealed that the GAGs treated group have a significant effect in enhanced epithelization formation, fibroblasts proliferation and collagen fibers organization parameters as compared to the control group
Histopathological Effects on the Eye Development during Perinatal Growth of Albino Rats Maternally Treated with Experimental Phenylketonuria during Pregnancy
Get PDFPhenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder that is characterized by an inability of the body to utilize the essential amino acid, phenylalanine. The disease results from a deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase, the enzyme catalyzing the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. Although, this inborn error of metabolism was among the first in humans to be understood biochemically and genetically, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the pathology of PKU during neonatal brain development. Elevated concentrations of plasma phenylalanine were induced in pregnant rats by oral administration of 50mg/100g body weight alpha-methylphenylalanine plus phenylalanine supplementation at a dosage of 60mg/100g body weight two times daily after 6th day of onset of gestation till 14 & 16 days prenatal as well as at parturition. Treatment with alpha-methylphenylalanine resulted in significant reduction of retinal cell layers of prenatal fetuses and delivered newborns. Histological abnormalities were detected manifested by either hyaline degeneration of lens structure or inducing lens cataract as well as comparative atrophy of retina associated with the development of malignant polypoid mass in the ganglionic cell layers in contact with the lens
Effect of Salinity on Flowering Ability in Linseed under Experimental Conditions
Get PDFKeeping in view linseed utility is so high a magnitude for oil, fibre, coke, nursing and various important industries together with the area under cultivation, it has become obvious that the crop has suffered a neglect, at the hands of Geneticists and Plant Breeders of the country for increasing the yield potential of seed and the fibre quality. The present study is designed to see the effect on flowering under saline experimental conditions
Hyaline cast in urine in normal healthy person
Get PDFIn the present study of outpatient setting, normal healthy male individuals were selected by the history and physical examination and urinalysis results were observed for the presence of hyaline cast. After clinical confirmation of healthy individuals in age group between 20-52 years, were selected for routine urinalysis and urine sediment was examined by unstained and stained preparation by Sternheimer-Malbin stain for the presence of hyaline cast. A total of 10% of these patients had shown hyaline cast in urine. Out of the 10 individuals, 6 had given the history of moderate to strenuous exercise. Rest of the four had not given any history of strenuous exercise, trauma or any concurrent acute and chronic illness or fever. Proteinuria of moderate to severe degree was detected by Dipstick method and heat and acetic acid method in all the cases showing the microscopic finding of hyaline cast. Microscopic hematuria was seen in 1 patient along with hyaline cast given the history of severe strenuous exercise 48 hours back. Demographic data collected were age, weight, family history of any renal disease
Mutations in rpoB gene and their association with Rifampicin-resistance levels in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Get PDFPresent study was aimed to identify most frequent mutations in rpoB gene region and to evaluate the association between mutations in rpoB gene and resistance levels to Rifampicin in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis of different geographical regions of India. A total of 100 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were included in this study. Drug susceptibility testing against first line anti-tuberculosis drugs was performed on LJ medium by conventional minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) method and the mutation(s) in rpoB gene of M. tuberculosis isolates were analyzed by sequencing method. Of the 100 M. tuberculosis isolates, 31 (31.0%) and 18 (18.0%) were found resistant and susceptible for all four first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. The genetic mutations were observed in 96% (72/75) rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates, while 4% (3/75) of rifampicin-resistant isolates did not have any mutation in rpoB gene. The mutation TCG531TTG (Ser531Leu) was found as most common and frequent mutation in 69.3% (52/75) of rifampicin-resistant isolates of M. tuberculosis with MIC level (? 512mg/l). The mutation at codon 511 was associated with low degree (128mg/l) of rifampicin-resistance, deletions at codons 514-516 or substitution at codon 516 were found to be associated with moderate degree (256mg/l) of rifampicin-resistance and mutations at codon 526, 531 were associated with the high degree (512mg/l) of rifampicin-resistance in M. tuberculosis isolates of Indian origin. The findings of this study will be useful for the development of raid and more specific indigenous molecular tools for the early diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the country
Biometrical Analysis of Capsules per Plant in Salinity in Linseed Plant
Get PDFThe main objective of breeding linseed is the improvement of yield potential at the new cultivars; so that they became more desirable agronomically and economically, viz. higher yield improved the content and the quality of oil resistance, decreased pests, early maturity fertilizers responsiveness and genetics extension of seed filling period. The present study deals with the measurement of capsules per plant under salinity conditions
Ultra-differentiation of Sperm Head in Lesser Egyptian Jerboa, Jaculus jaculus (Family: Dipodidae)
Get PDFIn the present study, events of sperm head differentiation in Lesser Egyptian Jerboa, Jaculus jaculus were studied for the first time. Adult males of J. jaculus were collected during their period of sexual activity from sandy regions of Marsa-Matrouh at northwest of Egypt. Tissues of their testes were prepared for ultrathin sections, which examined under a Joel "JEM-1200EXII" operating at 60-70kv. Early and late spermatids were photographed to describe the successive stages of sperm head differentiation.
Early spermatids have rounded or oval nuclei with fine chromatin granules and their cytoplasm showed numerous mitochondria, one or more chromatoid bodies and segments of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The first stage of spermatid development usually starts when the Golgi body produces secretory vesicles. These vesicles usually differentiate into an oval dense acrosomal granule, the rest forming a thin layer of acrosomal cap which extends to cover the anterior half of the nucleus and stop on at the nuclear shelf in the equatorial nuclear region. This cap is separated from the nuclear envelope by a narrowed subacrosomal space. Novel and complex structures are observed in the developing acrosome, which is, the crown, anterior, and posterior acrosomal segments, anterior and posterior acrosomal caps, as well as a long dorsal and a short ventral acrosomal caps; posterior subacrosomal spaces and subacrosomal cone at the tip of the elongated nucleus.
Cytoskeletal elements are responsible for re-shaping of the nucleus. A light comprehensive strength of cytoskeletal elements usually induces nuclear prolongation and formation of implantation fossa that appears in the ventrodorsal region at the posterior side of the nucleus. Manchette microtubules, solitary microtubules, and microfilaments may generate gentle compressive strength to accelerate nuclear prolongation.
Manchette microtubules, which disposed of parallel to one another and to the long axis of the nucleus, could exert the force, required to produce the spermatid nucleus elongation forward and perhaps backward and to protect DNA during nuclear condensation. A translucent space appears to surround the posterior half of the nucleus in order to mitigate the pressure on the nucleus and regulate the elongation with the protection of genetic material during nuclear condensation. Worth mentioning, that the translucent perinuclear space is a unique structure was not described or discussed before
Evaluation of Antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera Leaf extracts against Pathogenic bacteria Isolated from Urinary tract infected Patients
Get PDFAntibiotic resistance has increased substantially in recent years and is posing an ever-increasing therapeutic problem. One of the methods to reduce the resistance to antibiotics is by using antibiotic resistance inhibitors from plants. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial properties of aqueous, petroleum ether and methanolic leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera plant against pathogenic bacteria isolated from urinary tract infected patients and five standard strains of American type culture collection. The antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts was determined in vitro, using Cup plate method, and compared with sensitivity testing of some antibiotic agents using disc diffusion method. The results obtained showed that all concentration of methanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera had high inhibitory effects on S. aureus ATCC25923, K. pneumoniae ATCC35637 standard strains and the S. aureus, S. saprophyticus and E.coli isolated from UTI. The three concentration of water extract had inhibitory effects only on Proteus vulgaris NCTC8196 strain. The petroleum ether extracts showed no inhibitory activity on any organism. These results were compared with standard antibiotics Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Norfloxacin which showed moderate sensitivity against S. aureus and Amikacin was completely resistant to K. pneumoniae isolated from UTI. These results provide valuable information that Moringa oleifera hold great promise as highly effective antibacterial agents
Cuticular Biochemistry: Lambda-Cyhalothrin Induced Alterations in Mutant Drosophila melanogaster
Get PDFDerivatives of natural pyrethrum, synthetic pyrethroids, are well-established neurotoxins. However, they do interfere with the functioning of metabolic processes; the most important of these is chitin metabolism, a key process in the development of insects. Type II synthetic pyrethroid, lambda-cyhalothrin, when orally fed to Drosophila melanogaster revealed its efficacy in chitin synthesis modulation. Total proteins, glucosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, chitinase activity and chitin content exhibit significant changes in the final developmental stage, the adults. A reduction in chitin synthesis is suggestive of interference in polymerization process which is a must for cuticle formation. Involvement of lambda-cyhalothrin in chitin synthesis has been sought to be an additional mode of action, other than its neurotoxic nature
Role of Women in Environment Conservation
Get PDFStarted in the 1960s, the worldwide environmental movements have drawn the attention of many scholars and studies have then been conducted based on varied academic standpoints. However, seldom are there adequate recognition of women’s contribution to the conserving of the Australian environment. This may serve as the inspirations for the author to carry out a qualitative research on South Australian women’s involvement in the green NGOs and to acknowledge their persistent efforts accomplished in the movement. To portray a realistic picture of Australian women’s participation in the environmental movement, this paper has chosen to explore the reasons or the driving forces for South Australian women’s involvement in the green non-governmental organizations, in an attempt to discover their perceptions of the woman-nature relationship, of the current environmental problems and women’s empowerment in the environmental movement. To look into the subtleness of women’s emotion and thoughts, this paper employs the ecofeminist perspective/perspectives which draw upon the oppression and objectification of both women and nature. Supported with the triangulation of three qualitative research methods, namely documentary review, case studies and interviews, this paper highlights. The importance of women’s naming of their own experiences as environmentalists and succeeds in obtaining first-hand data of their engagement in the movement. Set in a non-governmental organizational background, women interviewees in this research have been and are still working with the selected green NGOs based in South Australia. With these “third-sector” performers, women have been provided with access to influence, to contribute or even to shine in the fight against natural degradation and preserving of a livable planet. Through a close scrutiny of the interviews, the research finds out that the ten female interviewees identify at a high level with the three groups of ecofeminist thinking—liberal ecofeminism, socialist ecofeminism and cultural ecofeminism. All women express their serious concerns about environmental problems, and all have particularly confirmed the woman-nature relationship. Their witness an ecofeminist demonstration of perceptions of the cause of environmental problems, care ethics, critique of power and women’s rising to lead positions in environmental groups