Advances in BioScience
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Toxicity Studies in Three Indian Major Carps under Stress of Malathion
Get PDFMalathion is the important pesticide used in Indian conditions. This pesticide in turn through rain wash goes to water ecosystem and affects aquatic fauna especially fishes. Indian carps are major source of food in most of the population. It is necessary to study the toxicity standards and bioassay in Indian major carps under stress of malathion
Toxicological Profile of Aluminium Sulphate and Effect on Protein Profile in Albino Rat
Get PDFWorld is full of xenobiotic substances such as heavy metal, pesticide and other pollutic agents. Heavy metal is a metallic element of relatively high density greater than 4gm/cm3 or 5 times more greater than water and is toxic even at low concentration. Heavy metals occur as a natural constituent of earth crust, can be emitted into environment by both natural and anthropogenic causes. Major cause of emission is the mining operations. Predetermined doses of aluminium sulphate in acute (1d) and subacute (7, 14, 21, 28ds) treatments revealed significant increase in albumin and globulin. The results are encouraging and highlight the toxic profile of aluminum sulphate and its effect on protein profile in albino rat
Remarkable Description of a New Species of Apocryptus, 1932
Get PDFThe genus Apocryptus was established by Uchida in 1932 for the species Apocryptus issikii. The genus is distinguished by truncate apical margin with a pair of tubercles at the middle. The genus is known by two species viz., Apocryptus tikari Gupta & Gupta, 1983 and Apocryptus flavofacies Gupta & Gupta, 1983 from India. A new species of Apocryptus, Apocryptus indicus is described from India as a key for identification
Methods to Isolate Possible Bacteriophage for Micrococcus luteus and Acinetobacter baumannii
Get PDFThe increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria has led to a crisis in treatment options. Acinetobacter baumannii is an example of a bacterium that has developed a dangerous level of multidrug resistance. Not only does it have genes allowing for the resistance to antibiotics, but it also produces a biofilm that protects it. In recent years, A. baumannii has become a major contributor to nosocomial infections making it critical to develop new treatment methods. Micrococcus luteus, while typically not thought of as a pathogen, is also developing a resistance to antibiotics. M. luteus is capable of forming a biofilm on its own making it worrisome as it has increasingly been noted as an opportunistic pathogen.
One potential new treatment of antibiotic resistance is the development of bacteriophage therapy, using bacterial viruses to target the infection and treat it. This study examines methods for isolating novel bacteriophage from dairy cattle feces, specifically for the biofilm producers A. baumannii and M. luteus
Studies on External Morphology of the Indian Water Boatmen, Micronecta striata, Fieb. (Corixidae, Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Get PDFThe order Hemiptera is divided into two suborders, the Heteroptera and Homoptera. The water boatmen Micronecta striata (Fieb.), 1808 belongs to the suborder Heteroptera which is characterized by base of rostrum usually not touching anterior coxae, gular region usually well developed, long pronotum large, forewings usually thickened basally and membranous apically, hind wings membranous, both pairs folded flat over the back with apices overlapping, tarsi normally three-segmented
Population Dynamics of Helminth Parasites in Fresh Water Fishes Channa punctatus and Heteropneustes fossilis in Moradabad, U.P., India
Get PDFIn the present report two types of fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) and Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) were examined to explore the status of helminthic infection in fishes from various water bodies of Moradabad district. The Acanthocephalans, Nematodes and Trematode parasites were detected from gastrointestinal tract and body cavity of host during the study period from January 2017 to March 2017. Intestine was found to be highly infected site in the host fish Channa punctatus while in Heteropneustes fossilis, trematodes were localized in skin muscles only and the highest prevalence (70%) of all the parasites was observed in the month of February 2017, however highest abundance (0.89), highest intensity (1.34) and highest index of infection (0.61) was recorded in the month of March 2017 along with the highest loss in body weight (0.153kg.) along with highest mortality
Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among Staphylococcus aureus collection at Sebha medical center
Get PDFThe prevalence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has increased during the last few years in healthcare facilities, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) in particular has emerged as a serious nosocomial pathogen because it is difficult to destroy and treat. Therefore, this study was carried on to find out the frequency of MRSA among S. aureus isolates as well as to study their susceptibility profile. In this study, 43 strains of S. aureus were recovered from different departments at Sebha medical center and their antibiotic resistance profile was studied using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Out of all 43 isolates, 16% were detected as MRSA using cefoxitin disk test. The strains that are resistant to erythromycin were further tested for inducible clindamycin resistance (ICR) using D-test. In this study, two strains showed ICR phenotype. While all isolates were 100% sensitive to vancomycin, the majority of isolates were resistant to ß-lactam group antibiotics. We observed that 14% of all isolates were resistant to ß-lactamase inhibitor. The response of S. aureus isolates to other antibiotics e.g. quinolone, aminoglycosides, tetracycline and macrolides was variable. In our study, it seemed to be vancomycin is the only antibiotic that still keeping its potency and it can be used for treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant MRSA
Description of Copulatory complex of Eotrechus kalidasa Kirkaldy, 1902 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera, Gerridae)
Get PDFThe genus Eotrechus Kirk, 1903 belonging to the subfamily Eotrechinae Anderson, 1975 is represented by a single species Eotrechus kalidasa Kirk, 1902 in India. The description of species by Kirk, 1903, Distant, 1903, Paiva, 1919 and Lundblad, 1933 has not taken into account the structure of copulatory complex, a feature of great taxonomic significance. The present contribution provides the description of copulatory complex of Eotrechus kalidasa for the first time
Two new species of Hedycryptus Cameron, 1903 from India (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Get PDFGenus Hedycryptus was established by Cameron in 1903 for the species, H. filicornis Cameron. Two new species of the genus viz., H. noidensis sp.nov. and H. baijali sp.nov. are recorded from India and described
Heavy metal and antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from diesel fuel polluted soil
Get PDFHeavy metals pollution of soil and wastewater is a global problem that threatens the environment as they are not degraded or removed and the potential threat to human health comes from the multiple resistances to heavy metals and antibiotics among bacterial populations. The present study was aimed to isolate and identify multiple metal/antibiotic resistant Acinetobacter spp. from diesel fuel polluted soil of Al-Dora, Baghdad, Iraq. Initially, a total of 24 bacterial cultures (coded KNZ–1 to KNZ–24) were isolated and identified up to genus level as Acinetobacter by morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Screening of heavy metals resistant Acinetobacter were conducted by streaking the isolates on nutrient agar plates supplemented with different concentrations: 10, 25, 50 and 100mg/L of the three heavy metals; Hg2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+. Out of 24 isolates, 6 (25%) isolates (KNZ–3, KNZ–5, KNZ–8, KNZ–12, KNZ–16 and KNZ–21) were selected as a multiple heavy metal resistant (MHMR) Acinetobacter with maximum tolerable concentrations (MTCs); 100–200mg/L for Hg2+, 300-600mg/L for Cd2+ and 100–300mg/L for Pb2+. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the selected MHMR isolates was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against 12 different antibiotics belonging to 7 classes. Out of 6 isolates, 4 isolates were multidrug resistance (MDR) with varying degrees. Among them isolate, KNZ–16 showed a wide range of resistance to all tested antibiotics except Levofloxacin and Imipenem. It was concluded that dual resistant Acinetobacter is useful in the bioremediation of environments polluted with heavy metals especially the biodegradation of organic pollutants