Advances in BioScience
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Biochemical effects of Organophosphorus pesticide, Quinalphos on freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)
Get PDFQuinalphos is a synthetic organophosphorus broad-spectrum insecticide, widely used to control insect pests in agriculture. In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the biochemical effect of quinalphos on different tissues like liver and brain of the edible freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus (L). The O. niloticus were exposed to sublethal concentrations of quinalphos for two different periods of time (1 day and 5 days). From the result, the protein content and acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the tested tissues of O. niloticus was found to decline with increasing exposure periods of quinalphos. Activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione S-transferase and catalase shows a significant change in their level compared to the control. The present study suggests that quinalphos in sublethal dose altered antioxidant balance of the fish which cause severe oxidative stress. Therefore, the use of quinalphos in the agriculture may be a threat to aquatic population and also other organisms including human beings via food chain
Aqueous Bark extract of Terminalia arjuna protects against Cigarette Smoke-induced alterations in Serum Lipid Profile of Albino Rats
Get PDFThe present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna against cigarette smoke-induced changes in serum lipid profile of albino rats. The rats were divided into three groups. One control group (I) and two experimental groups (II and III), all three groups consisting of five rats each. The control group (I) was unexposed to cigarette smoke. Experimental group (II) was exposed to cigarette smoke (6 cigarettes) for one hour/day for 30 days and experimental group (III) was exposed to cigarette smoke along with oral administration of aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna (5mg/rat/day) for 30 days. The findings showed a significant (P<0.01) increase in serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) with significant (P<0.01) decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level in cigarette smoke-exposed albino rats in comparison to control rats while a significant (P<0.01) decrease in serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) with significant (P<0.01) increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) after oral administration of aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna in comparison to cigarette smoke-exposed albino rat
Comparative Study of the Fingerprint Pattern among Diabetic (Type 1) and Non-Diabetic Children in Koya City
Get PDFDactyloscopy is a branch of Dermatoglyphics (investigate of epidermal ridges) which includes estimation and classification of unique finger impression patterns for detection. The whole unique finger impression patterns are laid down for all time for the third month of the intrauterine living and they continue unchanged throughout life.
This is, in addition, the period after every organ in the body is finalizing their progress. Consequently, a positive link of the dermatoglyphic character through dissimilar diseases like diabetes, mongolism, schizophrenia and leprosy have been correctly reported in the literature.
The aim of the study is to show a relationship among fingertip patterns between type 1 diabetes cases in comparison to controls together with children in Koya City. In this study, 16 type 1 diabetic subjects and 16 controls were selected from the children in the Koya city in Kurdistan region of Iraq and their fingerprints were taken by the ink method.
Overall the results showed that there is a significant difference in fingerprints between type 1 diabetes and controls in children. The print patterns, including whorls, arches, loops and suntypes were analysed for both cases. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate possible markers for the use of dermatoglyphics in early diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children
Dose-dependent Pupicidal, Adulticidal and Ovicidal activities of leaf extracts of Tiliacora acuminata on Japanese encephalitis vector Culex vishnui group
Get PDFVector of Japanese encephalitis is Culex vishnui group of mosquito and control of that mosquito is facing threat due to emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. Insecticides of plant origin now act as suitable alternate for control of JE vector. To investigate dose-dependent pupicidal, adulticidal and ovicidal activities, crude and acetone extracts of leaf of Tiliacora acuminata were used against Cx. vishnui group of mosquito. In case of dose-dependent pupicidal activity, highest mortality observed at 1.5% concentration of crude extract and 75 ppm of acetone extract with 45.67% and 67.67% mortality respectively after 36 h of exposure followed by 24h and 12h. In case of adulticidal activity, highest mortality in crude extract was observed at 2.5% concentration with 73% of adult mosquitoes were dead, but in acetone extract at 120 ppm concentration shows nearly about 67% mortality of adult mosquitoes after 24 h of exposure. While in ovicidal activity at 0.5% crude extract have 11.67% egg hatching so nearly about 88.33% ovicidal activity takes place at this concentration. In acetone extract, there was nearly about 93.33% ovicidal activities at 55 ppm concentration. So leaf extracts of T. acuminata may be used as better pupicidal, adulticidal and ovicidal plant origin insecticide for control of Cx. vishnui group of mosquito. Further research is required to isolate and characterize the active principle of T. acuminata plant leaf extract
Dermatoglyphics Study of a Group of Violent Criminals & Sexual Offenders in Erbil City
Get PDFAccording to scientists dermatoglyphics proved that is a very useful tool for identification of various gene-linked abnormalities and many human diseases. The aim of this study is to compare the differences in the finger ridge count (FRC) and fingerprint pattern. The study was conducted on 30 prisoners (15 violent criminals and 15 sexual offenders) and 30 students as a control group in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Exemplar prints of prisoners were obtained from the Directorate of Erbil Central Prison, while for the control group fingerprints were obtained from the students of the biology department, Koya University by ink method to examine the differences between the fingerprint patterns. The result of fingerprint patterns showed that there was no significant difference between violent criminals and controls. The results of fingerprint patterns in sexual offenders showed a significant decrease of ulnar loop in both hands (right and left) (P=0.001) (P=0.035) respectively, when compared to the control group, while double loop increased significantly in both right and left hands (P=0.001) (P=0.006) respectively, when compared to normal social behaviors. Fingertip ridge counts of violent criminals showed no significant difference in most digits of both hands with exception of middle finger that increased significantly (P=0.006) (P=0.022) respectively, when compared with control group, while for the sexual offenders also there was no significant difference in most digits only index and little finger of right hand showed significant increase (P=0.034) (P=0.033) respectively, when compared with control group
Description of Reproductive System of Indian Water Scorpion, Laccotrephes maculatus Fabr. (Hemiptera, Heteroptera: Nepidae)
Get PDFWater scorpion, Laccotrephes maculatus Fabr. is unisexual and exhibits sexual dimorphism. The males are relatively smaller with conspicuous connexival spines and possess distinct external genitalia. The male reproductive organs include a pair of testis, a pair of vasa deferentia, a pair of vesicula seminalis, two pairs of accessory glands and unpaired median ductus ejaculatorious. The female reproductive organs possess a pair of ovaries, a pair of lateral oviducts, a common oviductus communis, a vagina and the spermatotheca
Effects of Different Times of Cutting Soaking and Concentrations of IAA on Morphological features of Robinia pseudoacacia Stem Cuttings
Get PDFThis research was conducted in the open field of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Kurdistan region, located at 36o N, 44o E and 570m of altitude above sea level. A factorial experiment with randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted to study the combined effect of different times of cutting soaking and concentrations of IAA. In this study four times of cutting soaking 0, 10, 30 and 60m (t0, t1, t2 and t3), four concentrations 0, 500, 800 and 1000 ppm (C0, C1, C2 and C3) and distilled water was used as control. When Robinia pseudoacacia was exposed to various concentrations of IAA and times of cutting soaking, it was found that IAA concentration and times of cutting soaking in R. pseudoacacia had significant effects on the shoot percentage, shoot height, number of leaves, number of main branches, diameter of main branches, leaf area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content. Showed significant effects such as an increase in some vegetative growth, leaves chemical content as compared with control. Overall, the results show that R. pseudoacacia stem cuttings are superior for a time of cutting soaking with ten minutes and IAA concentration with 500 ppm
Seasonal Study of some Chemical Parameters in Daryabganj Lake, District Etah
Get PDFIn India, great regional differences are found in the topography, geology, climate etc. As a result of these differences, the limnological resources (lake, pond & reservoirs) are very unevenly distributed. The inland fisheries include, besides capture fishes of the lake, rivers and large bodies of waters, the culture fishery whose contribution to the dietary of man is of the highest importance. From the catch statistics of these waters, it becomes quite clear that fish production is low in comparison to those of other countries like China, Japan, Indonesia etc. The efforts for increasing fish production in inland waters are underway; however, any effort towards developing the fish resources requires intimate knowledge
Sugar Mill Effluent Induced Histological Changes in Heart of Channa punctatus
Get PDFSugar mill effluents are not so toxic like pesticides, but they contain many organic and inorganic reactive compounds which can affect the life of the organisms. These reactive compounds accumulate and retard physiological activities in human beings also. Histological biomarkers can be indicators of the effects on organisms of various anthropogenic pollutants on organisms and are a reflection of the overall health of the entire population of that ecosystem. The alterations in cells and tissues of fish are recurrently used biomarkers in many studies as such changes occur in all the invertebrates and vertebrates inhabiting aquatic basins. Histological biomarkers embody tissue lesions arising as a result of previous or current exposure of the organism to one or more toxins. In other words, it can be stated that these compounds act as a slow poison. Keeping these points in view, the effect of sugar mill effluent is observed on histology of heart of freshwater fish Channa punctatus
Study of Some Water Quality Parameters of Karvan River at Sadabad District Hathras
Get PDFPollution of water is responsible for a very large number of mortalities and incapacitation in the world polluted state of the water resources has led to water without which vital activities are not possible on this planet, has also been adversely affected by all kinds of activities of human beings. Water pollution of river is said to be polluted when the water in it is altered in composition directly or indirectly as a result of man’s activities. During recent years it has also been estimated that river Karvan water quality has also degraded by dumping of flowers, ashes, bones of dead bodies after cremation, bathing the cattle and washing the clothes due to which oxygen supply in water is reduced. In the present investigation the water quality of river Karvan at Sadabad, district Hathras has been observed to be of substandard quality because of various untreated industrial effluents, domestic sewage etc. merged inside the river