Advances in BioScience
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The Effect of Using Vitavax Fungicide on Microbial Flora of Peas and Barley Roots and Some Vegetative Characteristics
Get PDFThe fungicide Vitavax was used to fumigate both barley and pea seeds at concentrations; 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5mg/g seeds and kept for a period reaching five months. The data obtained indicate that germination percentage and the plant growth characteristics were slightly affected with differences in the two plants under investigation. With regard to microbial content in both rhizosphere and rhizoplan; the total viable count was slightly affected after one month of storage, but the counts remained at a good rate till the 5th month of storage. The dominant strains belonged to Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Sarcina and Actinomyces. The counts of Azotobacter were not affected in a high degree. The fungicide concentration of 0.3mg/g was the best among the treatments with 3 months storage period, for either plant growth parameters or bacterial counts although it reached five months with other treatments
Characterization of a Red Bacterium Strain Isolated from Root Nodule of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) for Growth and Pigment Production
Get PDFAn unidentified red bacterium strains isolated as endophyte of root nodule of faba bean, when characterized for morphological, microscopic, biochemical and molecular (16SrDNA sequence) features were identified as a novel strain of Serratia marcescens. The strain formed small red colony size measuring 2-3mm in diameter on Glucose Mannitol Tryptone Yeast Extract (GMTYE) agar medium. Under scanning electron microscopy, the single cell rods measured 3.55 - 4.18µm x 0.48µm - 0.68µm. The bacterium strain could efficiently utilize a wide range of carbohydrates (monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide) both for growth and pigmentation. It’s preferred simple form of organic nitrogen for growth and pigmentation but was unable to utilize inorganic sources of nitrogen. The bacterium could grow over a wide range of medium pH (4.00-11.00) and temperature (20-37°C) and NaCl concentration (0.5-2.0%) but optimal growth and pigmentation were observed in the GMTYE medium of pH (6.00-7.00) containing NaCl at 0.5 percent level and at 28°C of incubation temperature
Optimization of Growth Regulators for Induction of Callus from Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to optimize the concentration of different plant growth regulators or hormones for callus induction of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Different types and concentrations of growth regulators were tested in order to obtain the best callus formation. Four growth hormones such as 1-naphthaleneacetic acid NAP), 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), Kinetin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4–D) were used in this study. It was found that growth regulator type and concentration had a significant effect on the callus induction, the increment of callus index and callus physical appearance. The higher frequency of callus growth (95-100%) were observed on both epicotyls and cotyledon explants cultured on basal medium supplemented with 0.1mg/l NAA + 0.5mg/l Bap and various concentrations such as 0.2+0.1, 0.5+0.1, 1.0+0.2mg/l of NAA + BAP also shows good callus response but at higher concentration of the same hormones shuts the callus growth. The concentration of BAP and 2,4-D also shows good callus response in higher concentration whereas low concentrations of this hormone combination show nil effect. The morphology of callus differs upon the hormonal concentration from green to white and green to brown with various textures. This protocol paves the way for the development of in vitro regeneration for cotton and consequently will promote the application of plant tissue culture
Degradation of Soil Quality Parameters Due to Coal Mining Operations in Jharia Coalfield, Jharkhand, India
Get PDFCoal mining for an area is an economic activity but may lead to degradation of soil quality. Open-cast coal mining operations involved displacement of a large amount of overburden/rock mass materials to excavate the coal for many purposes. In mining areas, the soils are affected by various coal mining operations i.e. blasting, drilling, storage of overburden dump materials, clearing of land, construction of ancillary facilities and movement of vehicles. Various wastes such as heavy metals, inorganic substances, toxic materials and organic substances are released from different process of coal mining operations. The study was conducted during 2009 in six sampling locations of the Jharia coalfield, Dhanbad, Jharkhand state. The study revealed that significant variation in physicochemical parameters of soil due to coal mining operations. The information obtained from this paper helps in knowing about the quality of soil status in Jharia coalfield, Jharkhand state. This paper will focus on the characterization of soil and will discuss the significance of these parameters with an emphasis on N, P, and K
Syzygium cumini Leaf Extract Showed Vibriocidal Activity on Selected Diarrhea Causing Bacteria
Get PDFThe objective of the study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic leaf extract (ELE) of Syzygium cumini against Vibrio cholerae particularly two serogroups Ogawa and Inaba. The phenolic content of the ELE was found high which is comparable to ascorbic acid. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was then performed to check the cytotoxic effects of ELE. The lower LC50 value of ELE obtained indicated its less cytotoxic properties. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was then evaluated by the disc diffusion method against multi-drug resistant Vibrio serogroups Ogawa and Inaba. The extract effectively inhibited the growth of both serogroups. Altogether, the results demonstrated that the ELE of S. cumini has a significant vibriocidal activity that might be useful as a drug for the treatment of cholera
NADPH Oxidase has a Regulatory Role in Acute Allergic Asthma
Get PDFObjective: For the establishment of inflammation, a constant interplay between different effector cells from circulation, local resident cells, soluble mediators and genetic host factors is required. Molecular mechanisms, initiating and perpetuating inflammation, in particular, the involvement of effector cells in redox reactions for producing O2- (superoxide anion) through the mediation of NADPH oxidase is a critical step. Prior data suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase homologues in non-phagocytic cells play an important role in the regulation of signal transduction, while macrophages use a membrane-associated NADPH oxidase to generate an array of oxidizing intermediates which inactivate MMPs on or near them.
Materials, Methods and Treatment: To clarify the role of NADPH oxidase in T cell-initiated, macrophage-associated allergic asthma, we induced allergen dependent inflammation in a gp91phox-/- mouse.
Results: Both inflammation and airway hyperreactivity were more extensive than in wildtype mice post-OVA. Although OVA-specific IgE in plasma were comparable in wildtype and knockout mice, enhanced inflammatory cell recruitment from circulation and cytokine release in lung and BALf, accompanied by higher airway resistance as well as Penh in response to methacholine, indicates a regulatory role for NADPH oxidase in development of allergic asthma. While T cell-mediated functions like Th2 cytokine secretion, and proliferation to OVA were up-regulated synchronous with the overall robustness of the asthma phenotype, macrophage up-regulation in functions such as proliferation, mixed lymphocyte reaction, and MCP-1 directed chemotaxis, but downregulation of respiratory burst response indicates a forking in their signaling pathways. gp91phox-/- MMP12 double knockout (DKO) mice show a similar phenotype as the gp91phox-/- showing the non-involvement or synergistic involvement of MMP12 in the response pathway. In mixed lymphocyte reaction using the Increased B7.1 but reduced B7.2 and MHC class II expression indicating alteration of co-stimulatory molecule expression critical for T cell activation on both gp91phox-/- and DKO mice may explain the mechanism by which gp91phox may regulate Th2 pathway in allergic asthma
Temperature – Dependent Toxicokinetics of Copper and Lead in Notonecta glauca L. (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Under Laboratory Condition
Get PDFTemperature is a critical factor due to its effect on both physiology of the organism and the environmental chemistry of the metals. The present study focuses on the toxicity and the bioaccumulation kinetics of Cu and Pb in Notonecta glauca exposed to heavy metal contaminated water system at different temperatures. The result showed that the accumulation of heavy metal gradually increases with increase in temperature and duration of exposure while there was a decrease in LC50 value of Pb and Cu. The calculated uptake factor of lead at different temperatures showed that it has a higher uptake potential than copper
Studies of Selected Water Quality Parameters of River Ganges at Patna, Bihar
Get PDFThe study was carried out for a period of only two seasons (Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon) in a year. The physicochemical parameters such as pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Alkalinity, Total Solids (TS), Hardness, Chloride, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) & Most Probable Number (MPN) were evaluated at selected sites of River Ganga. The river is subjected to severe domestic and sewage pollution at two selected sites of Patna. At sampling site, I and II physicochemical parameters were not found to be within the safe limits of drinking water as World Health Organization WHO (1984). But at sampling site II chloride were found within the safe limits. At sites, I & II water sample was not found good quality showing that the River Ganga has moderately polluted. The present studies indicate that increase water pollution levels in the River Ganga present near urban environment due to discharge of various types of wastewater/ sewage/ effluents
Antimicrobial Activity of Mentha arvensis L. (Lamiaceae)
Get PDFThe present study has been designed with the objective to examine the ethanol extract of Mentha arvensis L. leaves (family Lamiaceae). In order to investigate its in-vitro antimicrobial potential against strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The ethanolic extract was found to be the most effective and showed antibacterial activity against the organisms tested. The zone of inhibition (mm) at various concentrations of ethanolic extract of Mentha arvensis was found in the range 0.3μg/ml – 10μg/ml on tested all the test organisms. The antibacterial activity was more significant against Staphylococcus aureus i.e. 20mm zonetion. The study revealed the ethanol extract of M. arvensis leaves against microbes
Evaluation of Effect of Organic Fertilizer’s Treatments and Soil Compaction on the Qualitative Traits of Sport Lawn in Different Seasons
Get PDFNatural structure of lawn brings about the sensitivity of it to climate conditions and imposed destructive forces during its use. In this study, the effect of several types of organic fertilizers including leaf mold (LM), rice husk (RH), livestock manure, spent mushroom compost (SMC), a mixture of LM, RH and livestock manure (mixture 1), a mixture of LM, RH and SMC (mixture 2) with the ratio of 1:1:1 and control (no fertilizer) along with several levels of compaction including roller weighted of 36, 56 and 76 kilograms were studied on the change qualitative traits of sport lawn in different seasons. An experiment was conducted at the strip plot design in three replications, in research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2008-2009. According to the results, the chlorophyll rate in the fall was higher than winter and spring. With the comparison of the cover rate, density and height, it was observed that in different seasons, the highest and lowest rate of these attributes was related to spring and summer respectively