Advances in BioScience
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Antagonistic Effects of Lactobacilli on Gram-Negative Bacteria
Get PDFThree lactobacilli strains were examined for the inhibitory activity against some gram-negative bacteria with a well diffusion method. Lactobacilli have strongest antagonistic activity against P. aeruginosa in well diffusion method; it was the least sensitive tested bacteria. In spite of E. coli is inhibited secondly in well diffusion method (16mm), the value of the inhibition is lower than spot on lawn method (26mm). These results showed that spot on lawn method is a better method than the well diffusion method
Antagonistic Bioactivity of Endophytic Actinomycetes Isolated from Medicinal Plants
Get PDFEndophytic actinomycetes are promising biocontrol agents for use in agriculture and have been isolated from various plant species. In the present study, 40 endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from roots, stems and leaves of three medicinal plants viz. Aloe vera, Mentha arvensis and Ocimum sanctum. The identification revealed that the majority of the isolates were Streptomyces spp. and the rest were identified as Saccharopolyspora spp., Micromonospora spp. and Actinopolyspora spp. The dual tests revealed that nine endophytic actinomycete isolates displayed a wide spectrum activity against nine fungal phytopathogens. Out of 8 isolates, 90% inhibited the growth of at least one or more phytopathogenic fungi and Saccharopolyspora 0-9 (Out of 8 isolates, 90% inhibited the growth of at least one or more phytopathogenic fungi and Saccharopolyspora 0-9 exhibited antagonistic activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria brassicicola, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium digitatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium pinophilum, Phytophthora dresclea and Colletotrichum falcatum
Effects of Neonatal Stress on Ovarian Follicular Reserve and Initial Follicular Waves in Rats
Get PDFThe study tested the hypothesis that stress experienced during neonatal life alters follicular reserve and onset of initial follicular waves. Rat pups immediately after their birth (postnatal day 1) were randomly segregated into three groups and the first group pups were autopsied on postnatal day 1, second group served as controls and those in third group were exposed to a stressor (maternal separation 6 hours/ day) from postnatal day 1 to 3. Five pups in control and stress group were autopsied on postnatal day 4, 6 and 8. There was a significant increase in blood corticosterone level in stressed rats on postnatal day 4. Neonatal stress did not delay the timing of folliculogenesis and onset of initial follicular waves. However, mean number of oocytes, primordial and primary follicles on postnatal day 4, 6 and 8 was significantly lower in stressed rats compared to controls. Reduction in follicular number was due to increased rate of atresia which was assessed by TUNEL and caspase-3 assay. The results, for the first time, reveal that neonatal stress has dire consequence as it reduces the number of oocytes and primordial follicles (follicular reserve) which might curtail the reproductive lifespan of neonatally stressed rats
Effect of Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees Leaf Extract Prepared by two Different Methods on Mitosis of Root Meristematic Cells of Allium cepa L.
Get PDFAdhatoda vasica is a well-known plant drug in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine. Adhatoda leaves have been used extensively in Ayurvedic Medicine primarily for respiratory disorders. Aqueous leaf extract of A. vasica was used to investigate its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on root meristematic cells of Allium cepa. 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20% concentrations of leaf extract prepared by two different ways were used in the present study. It was found that leaf extract of A. vasica exhibits mitodepressive activity as well as it induces disorder of chromosome kinetic including formation of sticky chromosome, c-metaphase, metaphasic and anaphasic disorders in Allium cepa root meristem
Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Flash from TISCO Power Plant, Jamadoba, Jharia Coalfields, Jharkhand, India
Get PDFThis paper deals with some selected physicochemical properties of fly ash collected from a TISCO power plant at Jamadoba, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India. The physical properties such as bulk density, moisture content, specific gravity, porosity water holding capacity and grain size distribution (sand, silt, clay) were measured, being 0.94gm/cc, 0.73%, 1.84%, 60.25% 76.55% and sand 63.3%, silt 32.6%, clay 2.6% respectively. The chemical properties included in this study were pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and available nitrogen. The aim of the present study is to assess the suitability of fly ash of TISCO power plant at vegetation purposes in the low lying areas or degraded land. These physicochemical properties are of also great importance in the backfilling of opencast mines, plantation and reclamation of the abandoned opencast project
Leaf Area, Fresh Weight and Dry Weight Prediction Models for Ornamental Plants Ficus benjamina (cv. Starlight)
Get PDFMeasurements of leaf growth indices namely leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight are of value in physiological studies and plant growth estimation. The use of prediction models to estimate leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight is simple, rapid and non-destructive. Several mathematical functions have been formulated for estimating leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight of various crops but almost there is no information for Ficus benjamina. This work was aimed to propose leaf area (LA), fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) prediction models for Ficus benjamina (cv. Starlight) leafy ornamental pot plant using leaf length (L) and width (W). 1000 leaves were collected randomly from greenhouse grown plants and 700 of cuts were used for prediction models. LA was measured with a digital area meter (DELTA-T, Co. Durham, UK), related FW and DW also were weighted and leaf dimensions were determined by the ruler. For each studying growth index LA, FW and DW the predictive abilities of three regression equations (linear, polynomial and power) were compared with different independent variables for each equation. Leaf length × width provided a good estimation of leaf area and fresh weight of the leaves of Ficus benjamina. It was also concluded that leaves the dry weight of Ficus benjamina can be estimated or simulated as a power function of L×W or L+W with reasonable accuracy. Moreover, a reasonable relationship between leaf fresh weight and leaf area was found too
Testicular and Epididymal Toxicity of Carbaryl in Sprague-Dawley Strain Rats
Get PDFIn the past decade, the use of carbamate has become exceedingly popular as that of the organophosphates. There is a growing concern that the exposure to these compounds is a chronic hazard to man and animals. The present study was conducted to investigate the testicular and epididymal toxicity of carbaryl on rats. Male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were administered orally with carbaryl dissolved in olive oil at 50 - 150mg doses/Kg body weight/day for 30 days. At the end of the treatment, rats were weighed and killed. Body weights remained unchanged at the end of the treatment. The weights of testis and epididymis decreased significantly after the treatment along with significant reductions in epididymal sperm count, viability and sperm motility. Activities of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase showed a significant decrease along with the reduction in the serum pituitary LH, FSH and testosterone. Carbaryl significantly decreased the activities of epididymal marker enzymes, phosphodiesterase and adenylate cyclase. These findings demonstrate the adverse effect of carbaryl on testicular steroidogenesis and epididymal functions contributing to the decline in the sperm counts of rats
Comparison of Some Nutrient Content of Sport Lawn under the Influence of Fertilizer and Seasons
Get PDFQuantity, characteristics and composition of organic matter widely vary by changing seasons and geographical conditions. On the other hand when soil conditioning due to poor drainage limits then decomposition of organic matter by soil microorganisms highly reduces. Soil and plant testing is one of the best management methods in measuring these changes. In this study, the effect of seven types of organic fertilizer including Leaf Mold (LM), Rice Husk (RH), manure, Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC), a mixture of LM, RH and manure (mixture 1), a mixture of LM, RH and SMC (mixture 2) with the ratio of 1:1:1 and control (no fertilizer) at three levels of compaction including roller weighted at 36, 56 and 76 kilograms on some nutrient content of sport lawn were investigated in different seasons. An experiment was conducted as a strip plot design in three replications, in research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2008-9. With the comparison of the total mean of leaf nitrogen and potassium in different seasons, the highest and the lowest absorption rate of these elements was observed in the fall and summer respectively. Moreover, statistical analysis indicated higher concentration of phosphorus in spring and summer than fall and winter
Effects of Nanosilver Treatments on Vase Life of Cut Flowers of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus cv. 'White Liberty’)
Get PDFCarnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) is one of the most cultivated flowers around the world for producing of cut flowers. This paper assessed the efficacy of nanosilver (NS) as an antibactericidal agent in extending the vase life of cut flowers of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Vase solutions were consisting of NS concentrations in 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ppm included sucrose 6 percent added in all treatments. Results showed that all NS treatments were combined with sugar extended the vase life of carnation flowers significantly compared with control. Observations indicated that NS treatments inhibited the growth of microorganisms in vase solution and considerably extend the vase life of cut flowers of carnation
Breeding Biology in Hybrid Sparrow (Passer domesticus × P. hispaniolensis) in Northern Algerian Sahara: Case Study of Biskra Date Palm-Grove
Get PDFThe Hybrid Sparrow’s reproduction was monitored in two stations, in the Filiach region at 5 km from Biskra (5°45'E, 34°50'N), on the one hand in a suburban (Tahraoui) and secondly date-palm-grove (Khireddine). To this end, we identified 327 nests of Passer domesticus × P. hispaniolensis with 221 nests placed in holes on walls and in the hangar roof of the Tahraoui’s farm. A set of 106 nests was installed in a livestock hangar in the date palm-grove of Khireddine. A sample of 52 nests was considered (27 nests in Tahraoui and 25 in Khireddine). On these 52 nests were followed on three consecutive clutches. The height of the nest location is between 2.4 and 5.5 m in Tahraoui’s farm where the clutch size varies between 1 and 5 eggs with a mean of 4.15 ± 1.14 during the first clutch, 3 to 6 eggs (mean = 4.9 ± 0.99) during the second clutch and 2 to 4 eggs (mean = 3 ± 0.82) for the third clutch. The most common clutch size is five eggs (AR% = 37.0%). In the palm-grove of Khireddine, the height of nest location varies between 2.7 to 3.4 m; where in a hutch size of 3 to 5 eggs (mean = 4.4 ± 0.89) was noted during the first clutch, 1 to 6 eggs (mean = 3.93 ± 1.38) during the second clutch and 2 to 4 eggs (mean = 3.5 ± 0.84) during the third clutch. The common clutch size is four eggs (AR% = 44%). Over the three clutches, the representative hatching rate is the third clutch with 93.8% in the first farm and 90.5% in the second