Advances in BioScience
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Antidiabetic Effects of Momordica charantia (Karela) in Male long Evans Rat
Get PDFThe hypoglycemic effect of Momordica charantia (Karela) has been reported from many laboratories. To our knowledge, the underlying biochemical mechanism of action of this important clinical effect has not been reported. During the course of investigation of this aspect of the herbal fruit, it was reported from our laboratory that ethanolic extract of Momordica charantia suppressed gluconeogenesis in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats by depressing the hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase. The herbal extract had also enhanced the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme of hexose monophosphate shunt (a pathway for the oxidation of glucose)
The Effect of Mulch, Pruning and Plant Density on Some Traits of Related to Production in Pepino
Get PDFPepino (Solanum muricatum) a new vegetable crops, is from Solanaceae family and cultivated as annual crops. In order to investigate the effects of mulch, pruning and plant density on some traits of related to production in Pepino, an experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete design with five replications at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad greenhouse during 2009-2010. Traits such as leaf area, number of panicles per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit weight. Treatment included: 3 levels of mulch (rice straw mulch, wood chips mulch and control), 3 levels of prune (two peduncular, 3 peduncular and controls) and 2 levels of plant density (3.3 and 4.3 plants per m2). The results indicated that the effect of mulch in all of the traits was significant (p≤0.01). Wood chips mulch in all of the traits was better than rice straw and control. Pruning was significant in all of the traits. The number of panicles and the number of fruits per plant were higher in tree peduncular but increasing the number of fruits was associated with a reduction in size. Interaction between mulch and pruning was significant in all of the traits. Plant density applied had significant effects on traits related to fruit
Reduction of Allergenicity of Litchi chinensis Flowers Pollen Protein Conjugated with Polysaccharide by Maillard Reaction
Get PDFBackground: Allergy to pollen from gymnosperms is well documented in the west. The objective was to define the allergologic protein from Litchi chinensis (Litchi) pollen and conjugate the protein with polysaccharides by Maillard reaction to reduce the allergic effect of that protein.
Methods: Total soluble proteins were extracted from the pollen of Litchi flower pollen and subjected to ammonium sulphate precipitation at 80% saturation. Pollen antigen from Litchi chinensis (Litchi) was prepared by gel cutting method and characterized by biochemical and designated by LFPP. The homogeneity of this protein was demonstrated by a single band on SDS-PAGE. The protein then conjugated with galactomannan through Maillard Reaction. The resulting purified pollen protein and conjugated protein were administered to the Swiss albino mice as amount of 5.8mg/kg body weight.
Results: The total protein was then separated on a 12% SDS-Polyacrylamide gel which revealed 5 bands between molecular weight range of 29kDa and 69kDa. Each band was recovered from the gel by electroelution and sent for skin tests. 28kDa proteins was the only allergenic protein while others were not shown reactivity in patients. Intraperitoneal injection of the purified protein (LFPP) caused a significant rise in the levels of neutrophils (38-81%) and eosinophils (3-14%) compared to control (P<0.001) whereas conjugated protein caused only a 2% increase of both neutrophils and eosinophils level. On the other hand treatment with LFPP-galactomannan conjugate causes no such change in physical appearance with eosinophils and neutrophils level.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that the protein extracted and purified from Litchi flowers pollen has been recognized as a new allergen from Bangladesh for the first time and the allergic effects can be reduced by conjugation with polysaccharides
A Contribution to Algal Flora in Baghdad Area, Iraq
Get PDFThis study contains the description of twenty-five algal species, twenty genera, nineteen families, nine orders and six classes that were identified in the Baghdad Area during the period from 2007 till 2009, and based on the study two new records will be added to the Algal Flora list of Iraq
The Effects of Cultural Medium and Cultivars on Some Qualitative Characteristic of Cucumber Transplant (Cucumis sativus)
Get PDFCucumber produced by transplanting cause to seed saving, reduce the risk of cold, pest and disease control. In order to investigate the effects of cultural medium and cultivars on characteristic of cucumber transplants, an experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete design with 5 replications at the Applied Science in Agricultural Education Center Shahrood (Iran) during 2011. Treatments included 6 levels of cultural medium (a1= 50% peat + 25% coco peat + 25% sand, a2= 50% peat + 25% coco peat + 25% + 25% vermicompost, a3= 50% peat + 25% coco peat + 25% perlit, a4= 50% coco peat + 25% peat+25% sand, a5= 50% coco peat + 25% peat + 25% vermicompost, a6= 50% coco peat + 25% peat + 25% perlit) and 2 types of cultivars (Vilmorin and Royal, 24189). The results indicated that the effects of substrate were significant in all of treats (leaf area, stem diameter, height of transplant, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root wet weight, and shoot wet weight). A2 and A5 have better performance than others in all of treats. There is not any significant effect between cultivars and an interaction between substrate and cultivar wasn’t significant
Standardization and Evaluation of Herbal Drug Formulations
Get PDFHerbal medicine has been utilized in many diseases since ancient times by saints and munis. Herbal medicine has many active constituents for many diseases but the proper knowledge must be necessary for the preparation of herbal formulation otherwise active constituents will be damaged. Considering this fact present article emphasis the herbal formulation preparation. Knowing these facts we can use herbal formulation for most complicated diseases and save humans from the effect of synthetic drug side effect
Involvement of HLA in Serum Beta-2 Microglobulin levels among Mumbai HIV-1 Patients
Get PDFHLA allele involves along with B-2 microglobulin (B2M) and T cell receptor in host specific immune response. HLA alleles are known for its extensive polymorphism in order to accommodate the maximum of antigenic peptides. Serum beta-2 microglobulin has been reported to have a prognostic value for predicting disease progression in HIV patients. In this study, we evaluated the serum B2M levels and the HLA profile among the 124 HIV patients and 94 Normal healthy controls from Mumbai. The B2M levels were estimated by conventional ELISA technique while the HLA A and HLA B were done using PCR – SSOP molecular kits. Our results revealed that HIV patients showed increased B2M levels (88.70%) range (2.5ug/ml – 60ug/ml) compared the controls (42.55%). HLA A*11:01:01 (OR=3.25; P value 0.0015), HLA B*35:01:01 OR=3.57;P value 0.0002), HLA B*44:03:01 (OR=5.32; P value 0.0036), haplotypes HLA A*11:01:01- B*35:01:01 (OR=5.68; P value 2.47E-05), HLA A*33:03:01- B* 44:03:01 (OR=19.95; P value 0.0003) were significantly increased among the B2M increased HIV patients. While HLA A*03:01:01:01(OR=0.18; P value 0.0061) was significantly decreased among B2M increased HIV patients. Our results reveal that the production of serum B2M levels correlates with the HIV disease progression. Therefore it could be of a prognostic value in HIV infection
Light-Trap Catch of the Harmful Insects in Connection with the Ozone Content of the Air
Get PDFThe study deals the efficiency of light trapping of the European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) and the Common Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha L.) in connection with the ozone content of the air. The collected data of which use was made the Hungarian national light trap network between the years 1997 and 2006. We calculated relative catch values from the number of caught insects. We assigned these to the ozone values, we averaged them, and we depicted the results together with the regression equation though. We established that the light trapping of this species most fruitful when the ozone content of the air is high. As opposed to this, the low ozone values reduce the successfulness of the catching on one moderated only. Our results will be exploitable in the plant protecting and environment conservation researches
Some Biological Characteristics of River Yamuna at Agra
Get PDFThe biological characteristics of the River Yamuna at Agra were studied in terms of Planktons. It was found that Yamuna waters have a distribution of planktons; phytoplanktonic forms (microflora) and zooplanktonic forms (microfauna), bottom and marginal fauna and fish fauna at different sampling stations. The microflora and microfauna have been described here. It was found that mostly the microflora is represented by the members of three main families of algae viz. Chlorophyceae, Myxophyceae and Bacillariophyceae in the Yamuna River waters at different sampling stations. The microfauna is represented by the planktonic forms of Protozoa, Rotifera and Crustaceans
Characterization of Chromobacterium violaceum Isolated from Spoiled Vegetables and Antibiogram of Violacein
Get PDFChromobacterium violaceum, a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-sporing coccobacillus, producing a natural antibiotic called violacein was extracted from Chromobacterium violaceum MTCC 2656, collection of Chandigarh. The present study reports different types of microbial population along with Chromobacterium violaceum in 36 samples of spoiled vegetables. In the numerous microbial populations, three different strains (HMCCC 45, HMCCC 46 and HMCCC 47) were isolated and subjected to various morphological and biochemical tests. The results reveal that the three strains isolated, HMCCC 46 was similar to the standard except that HMCCC 46 colonies were dark violet in colour. The antibiotic sensitivity test of HMCCC 46 revealed that it was resistant to vancomycin, ampicillin, linezolid, and susceptible to colistin, oxacillin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, amikacin