Advances in BioScience
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Effects of Copper (Sulfate, Acetate and Nano) in ovo injection on Hatching Traits and some Physiological Parameters of Newly-hatched Broiler Chicks
Get PDFThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of different sources of copper (sulfate, acetate and nano) in ovo injection at 10 days of embryogenesis period on hatching traits and some physiological parameters of newly-hatched broiler chicks. A total number of 462 fertile eggs were used (with an average weight of 66.24 ± 0.23g in 7 groups, each group containing 66 fertile eggs in three replicate. The experimental design was as follows the group 1 as control, while the groups 2, 3 and 4 injected with 0.1ml deionized water containing 8μg/egg of Cu sulfate, Cu acetate and nano Cu, respectively, and the groups 5, 6 and 7 injected with 0.1ml deionized water containing 16μg/egg of Cu sulfate, Cu acetate and nano Cu, respectively. After hatching eight one-day chicks around the average of each group were used in this study and the results as follows, different sources of Cu in ovo injection at 10 days of incubation by two levels (8 and 16μg/egg) did not affect hatching traits except elevation chick weight and chick weight %, did not affect yolk sac %, relative weight of organs (liver, gizzard, heart and bursa) of newly hatched chicks, did not affect hematological parameters and some plasma constituents, levels of 16µg/egg Cu led to increasing plasma Alb compared to the levels of 8µg/egg Cu and control, Cu sources at 8 or 16µg/egg decreased the values of AST enzyme.
From the results of this study, it can be concluded that using Cu sources in ovo injection at 10 days of incubation up to the level of 16μg/egg, did not cause harmful effect but caused best results in chick weight and chick weight %
Bioinformatics, Identification and Cloning of β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum
Get PDFLactobacillus plantarum is a lactic acid bacterium, mostly found in fruits and vegetables. It has been used in a variety of food fermentations. It is reported that strains from this species have probiotic activity. In this study, pUC19 was chosen as a vector to clone β-galactosidase gene. To clone this gene we used EcoRI and KpnI restriction enzymes that give a DNA fragment of 5000 bp in length which contains β-galactosidase gene. The same endonuclease enzymes were used to cut the vector (pUC19). To know the length of isolated DNA fragment as well as digested pUC19, agarose gel electrophoresis was used along with Lambda HindIII and Hyperladder I respectively. QIAGEN kit was used to extract DNA fragments from the agarose gel. Then it utilised for ligation in further processes. Furthermore, the DNA fragments were transformed into host cells (E. coli) and they were spread on LB agar plates containing X-gal and IPTG to confirm the presence of inserted DNA
Evaluation of biological Control potential for different Trichoderma strains against Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica
Get PDFTwenty strains of four Trichoderma species (Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma koningii and Trichoderma asperellum) were evaluated for its potential to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. Culture filtrates from Trichoderma strains were tested in 24-well tissue culture plates for effects on Meloidogyne javanica. Chitwood egg hatch and mobility of hatched second-stage juveniles (J2) were evaluated, all the twenty Trichoderma strains showed the ability to colonize M. javanica separated eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) in sterile in vitro assays. T. asperellum possess the strongest egg-parasitic ability and very effective against 2nd stage larvae of M. javanica.
In this investigation, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers was used to estimate the genetic variations between four strains of Trichoderma asperellum (KC898190, KC898191, KC898192 and KC898193) which were previously isolated from the rhizospheres of different plants growing in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt as a new strain of T. asperellum in Egypt. RAPD assay using 6 random primers identified T. asperellum strains with 5 specific unique markers
Molecular Markers in determining Phylogenetic relationship in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) Var. Co(Te)7
Get PDFThe degree of polymorphism in seven different mutants were assessed along with untreated population, control in Setaria italica var. Co(Te)7. The mutants identified in M2 generation were selected for RAPD analysis to examine the genetic variation between them. The mutant like multiple branched panicle, long Panicle, tall plant, anthocyanin pigmentation in panicle, thumb branched panicle, bold seed, tiller were chosen to compare the banding pattern and distinguishing to evaluate their phylogenetic relationship. The primers chosen for their amplification were OPC11, OPA05, OPA08 and OPA13. All the mutants showed the polymorphism depicting genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship in the foxtail millet var. Co(Te)7. Due to the exclusive design of genetic background, therapeutic potential, nutritional benefits and the traits of agronomic values hike the need for cultivation methodology in Co(Te)7 variety in foxtail millet. The dendrogram constructed based on UPGMA clustering method revealed the diverse genotype between the essential mutants utilized for increased crop improvement program
Sublethal Toxicity of Zinc Chloride on Antioxidant Enzyme activity of Catla catla (Hamilton)
Get PDFFishes are extensively used for the assessment of the health of the aquatic ecosystem as their enzymes serve as pollution biomarkers. Heavy metals are one of the major pollutants discharged to the aquatic ecosystem as industrial effluents. The present study determined the alteration in enzyme activities in different tissue of Catla catla exposed to sublethal concentrations of zinc chloride. Catla catla were exposed to different concentration of zinc chloride and control were maintained without the zinc chloride. After 96 hour exposure, brain and muscle tissue from both control and experimental group were selected for enzyme assay. The biochemical studies show that acetylcholinesterase and catalase activity in both brain and muscle tissue were reduced after exposure, whereas glutathione S-transferase activity in both tissues were increased. Heavy metal pollution causes detrimental effects on fishes and constitutes potential risks for human health through consumption of contaminated fishes
Triterpenoids of Nerium oleander shows Antifertility effect in Male Albino Rats
Get PDFAntifertility activity of methanolic extract of the stem of Nerium oleander was carried out on male albino rat. After the careful experiments, the results revealed that oral administration of methanolic extract of the stem of Nerium oleander affected male fertility by two means, antispermatogenic and antiandrogenic action. It might be due to the presence of some triterpenoids compounds. So it could be a scope of developing an ideal male contraceptive, due to its antispermatogenic effects
Relationship between pattern of fingerprints and blood groups
Get PDFDactylography or the fingerprint system relies on the study of stratum ridges and their configurations [Dermatoglyphics (Derma = skin + Glyph = carving)] in the fingers, palms and soles. Estimates that probably there are chances of two people with identical finger impressions are about one in sixty four thousand million. Heredity and environment arbitrate in combination effects the pattern of ridges.
We have conducted a study with 450 individuals among which 224 were male and 226 were female subjects, having different ABO blood groups and belongs to different age groups. This study was carried out in different faculties of Koya University. All the 10 fingerprint patterns were divided into Loops, Whorls and Arches. The fingerprints were taken with the help of stamp pad imprinting the finger ridges over A4 size white papers.
The general distribution of the pattern of fingerprint showed high frequency (49.62%) of loops, whereas whorls were moderate (42.48%) and arches were least (7.88%) in frequency. Almost same order was noticed in both Rh-positive and Rh-negative individuals or A, B, AB and O blood groups. Loops are dominated in all the blood groups of both Rh-positive and Rh-negative individuals.
The aim was to study the pattern of fingerprints on all the fingers of both hands and to study the association between fingerprints and blood groups among university students in different faculties of the Koya university with statistical analysis. The study suggests an association between fingerprint pattern and blood group A, B and AB, however, there is no association found between fingerprints and blood group O based on statistical analysis of chi-square test when results combined between both genders. This study concludes that distribution of primary pattern of fingerprints is related to individual digits
Comparative Statistical Analysis of some Hydrobiological Parameters in Upstream and Downstream of River Asan
Get PDFToday world is facing a number of challenges affecting the availability, accessibility, use and sustainability of its freshwater resources. Water is the most vital resource for living beings because there is no life without water as cellular activities never occur. Water is essential for the socio-economic development of human beings. Industrialization, urbanization, population explosion and green revolution have deteriorated the various sources of water. Keeping these points in mind, this study is designed to comparatively analyze the water quality of river Asan at upstream and downstream sites
Prevalence of Color Blindness among Students of four basic schools in Koya City
Get PDFColor blindness or color vision deficiency is X-linked recessive disorder that affects males more frequently than females. Abnormality in any one or all three cone photoreceptors caused Congenital disorders. Protanopia, deuteranopia results when long wavelength (L), photopigments (red), middle wavelength (M) and photopigments (green) are missing.
This cross-sectional study was done to find out the prevalence of color vision deficiency among basic school students in Koya city with different ages and genders. The study was conducted in four basic schools that were present in Koya city (Zheen, Zanst, Nawroz and Najibaxan).
All students screened by using Ishihara 24 plates. For the study (n=400, male=206, female=194, age=8-14) were selected & examined. The result revealed that the prevalence rate of the deficiency in four primary schools 3.39% (7) in males and 0% females. The study concluded that color blindness is different between students in each school, cannot find the prevalence of Color blindness in females in each school and affects males more than females because color blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of color blindness in some basic schools in Koya city, Kurdistan Region/ Iraq
Antimicrobial effect of Chitosan and Nano-Chitosan against some Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effect of chitosan and nano-chitosan. Two Gram-negative, three Gram-positive bacteria and three fungal strains were used as test microorganisms. The obtained results indicated that 88% of nano-chitosan particle size was in the range of 93.76nm and 12% in 405nm. Nano-chitosan showed maximum antibacterial activity against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes with inhibition zone of 30mm (23µg/ml concentration) and the lowest 23mm with E. coli at the same concentration. Other tested bacteria were affected in different degrees. The MIC and MLC ranged between 64 to 256 and 128 to 512µg/ml, respectively. The highest effect was against S. aureus at 23.04µg/ml. Chitosan solution was found to have less antifungal activity against C. albicans when compared to nano-chitosan. MIC and MLC for chitosan and nano-chitosan were recorded at 64 and 128µg/ml with chitosan and 23.04 and 46.08µg/ml with nano-chitosan. The highest nano-chitosan activity was recorded against S. cerevisiae, 7 and 16µg/ml for MIC and MLC, respectively. Nano-chitosan at concentrations 3.0 and 4.5µg/ml were the most effective to retard fungal activity