Advances in BioScience
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Changes in FDNB-Available Lysine in Sprouted Cowpea
Get PDFCowpea a member of the legume family was sprouted to be able to improve its nutritive value especially the amino acids. Lysine, however, is highly venerable to process loss. One of the ways to determine the availability of the essential amino acids is to determine the available lysine. This study was geared not only in measuring the available amino acids, by determining the available lysine using the FDNB (Fluoro-di-nitro-benzene) extraction method, but to improve on the availability of these amino acids through germination.
This method is also capable of removing the drudgery of animal study and faster to achieve the desired results
Isolation and characterization of Cysteine protease from leguminous cotyledons
Get PDFProteolytic enzymes play central role in the biochemical mechanism of germination and intricately involved in many aspects of plant physiology and development. The present study was conducted on the compares studies the Cysteine proteases from four varieties of 62 hours germinated leguminous seeds: lentil, green gram, black gram and pea bean. We elaborated the easy procedure for isolation of protease from leguminous germinated seeds by using (NH4)2SO4 precipitation followed by Gel-filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography from the 72h germinated cotyledons of lentil (Lens esculenta), green gram (Vigna radiata), black gram (Vigna mungo) and pea bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). This study revealed that the water-soluble protein concentration of crude extract ranged between 2.03 to 2.36mg/ml in which green gram was highest protein concentration (2.36mg/ml) and lentil accounted was the lowest concentration (2.03mg/ml). Cysteine proteases from all different leguminous seeds show very close monomer with a molecular mass of 29.5–30kDa were determined by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme activities were completely inhibited by pCMB, iodoacetate and DEPC indicating Cysteine and histidine residues at the active site. The enzyme is fairly stable towards pH and temperature. Cysteine protease has broad substrate specificity and stability in pH, temperature, therefore, this protease may turn out an efficient choice for the food, pharmaceutical, medicinal, and biotechnology industries
Plant and soil carbon stock and carbon sequestration potential in four major bamboo species of North India
Get PDFWith climate change being unequivocal, reducing CO2 in our atmosphere has become a primary goal of international efforts. Carbon sequestration is the process characteristic of the species employed for plantation but depends on the continuous management of the plantation also. Assessment of carbon stocks in vegetation and soil is a basic step in evaluating the carbon sequestration potential of an ecosystem. The present study was conducted to quantify the total carbon stock and carbon sequestration potential in four bamboo plantation systems (Dendrocalamus strictus, Bambusa vulgaris, Bambusa balcooa and Bambusa nutans) in the Terai belt of Uttarakhand, India for two years. The major parameters of the study involved physicochemical characteristics of the soil, structural and functional attributes of microbes, and carbon stocks and carbon sequestration potential in vegetation and soil. Destructive approach was used for biomass estimation. At the end of the study, soil organic carbon stocks in the plantations Dendrocalamus strictus, Bambusa vulgaris, Bambusa balcooa and Bambusa nutans were 106.56 t ha-1, 85.06 t ha-1, 65.40 t ha-1, and 57.28 t ha-1 respectively. With this, the highest carbon sequestration potential was observed in Dendrocalamus strictus plantation soil. The observed average soil respiration (1426.45mg CO2 m-2 hr-1) and microbial biomass carbon (0.212%) were also highest in D. strictus among all species. Carbon stock was found more in biomass than in soil in all bamboo species. Thus, the present study clearly demonstrates that besides being an economic strength bamboo plant have shown encouraging results in the field of carbon sequestration potential also and it can be a better climate change mitigation option because of several environmental benefits
Evaluation of Genetic diversity and heritability of some rapeseed (Brassica napus) genotypes using agronomical and molecular traits
Get PDFHigh level of heritability and variability were estimated for all traits among genotypes. The genetic similarity of nine genotypes Brassica napus was estimated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), which ranged from 69% to 94%. The phylogenetic tree resulted in two different clusters; the first including two genotypes which also showed high similarity in agronomic traits and the second included the rest of the genotypes. The genetic diversity was discussed in relation to molecular and agronomical traits. High and positive correlation were recorded for all traits. The high coupled of heritability and variability is considered as a powerful source for the selection of donors in the breeding program, where the genetic gain depends on the availability of genetic variation and high heritability
Light-trap Catch of Harmful Microlepidoptera Species in Connection with Polarized Moonlight and Collecting Distance
Get PDFThe paper deals with light-trap catch of 25 Microlepidoptera species depending on the polarized moonlight and collecting distance. The catching data were chosen from the 27 stations of the Hungarian National Light-trap Network and from the years between 1959 and 1961. Relative catch values were calculated from the catching data per stations and swarming. They are ranged and averaged in the phase angle divisions. The catching peak of ten species is in First Quarter, another ten species have the peak in the First Quarter and Last one, and only in two cases, the peak is in Last Quarter. Then there is the maximum ratio of polarized moonlight. Catching peak of only three species is in connection with the collecting distance when is the greatest of collection distance
Integrated Management of Zizyphus Fruit Rot Caused by Carbendazim Resistance Using other Fungicides Combination with Carbendazim
Get PDFIntegrated management of Zizyphus fruit rot caused by carbendazim resistant mutant of Aspergillus niger was studied, use of agrochemical like fungicides individually or in combination with carbendazim appeared to be more beneficial for managing this fruit rot Benomyl, Dithane Z-78, Mancozeb, Karathane, Ridomil, Tridemorph were effective in managing this disease. However, use this fungicide in mixture with carbendazim was more beneficial
Effect of Growth and Pigmentation on Acceptability of Different Feeds by Colisa lalia (Hamilton, 1822)
Get PDFBright colouration always attracts the people; it is also true in case of ornamental fish. The colour creates a natural eye catching environment to the visitors, Buyers and hobbyist. Now, it is well established that the colour of ornamental fish can modify by the feed. In case of fish, without dietary addition of carotenoids leads to dull colour resonance. Which leads to poor market demand and it's directly related to the profitability i.e. determine their market demand and price. In the present study, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of four different types of feed (Living Tubifex, Dried Tubifex, Dried Daphnia and commercial food) for Colisa lalia (Hamilton, 1822). Carotenoid content and specific growth rate (SGR) of the fish were analyzed after the treatment and Colisa lalia consume the live organisms more efficiently than the artificial feed. The Living Tubifex gave the best result for Colisa lalia to increasing the colouration and growth
Biodeterioration of Polyethylene High Density by Aspergillus versicolor and Aspergillus terreus
Get PDFThe present article investigates the biodeterioration ability of polyethylene high density by Aspergillus versicolor and Aspergillus terreus. Shake flask incubation for 30 days was done for the purpose of biodeterioration of polyethylene high density. The observations were recorded for initial and final dry weight of polyethylene high density before and after incubation in the culture medium were compared the percentage of biodeterioration of polyethylene. The strongest ability was observed by Aspergillus terreus with 7.59% biodegradability followed by Aspergillus versicolor with 3.79% of biodegradability. In conclusion, Aspergillus terreus was found to be efficient organism that degraded the polyethylene high density with maximum biodegradability as compared to Aspergillus versicolor
Unripe Fruit's Extract of Quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) as a Potent Alpha-amylase Inhibitor
Get PDFThe use of alpha-amylase inhibitors has recently gained in popularity with the success and growth of carbohydrate restricted diets. In this study, two different stages from the unripe fruits of quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) have been tested for their potentiality in alpha-amylase inhibition as a key enzyme in carbohydrates assimilation. Our results revealed that addition of different concentrations from extracts (0, 2, 4, 6, 8mg) of dry mass of each stage of unripe fruits resulted in drastically decrease in the enzymatic activity of alpha-amylase by the percent of (0%, 42.6%, 21%, 26.3%, and 16.9%) for the stage 1. Extracts from the stage 2 were more effective in enzymatic inhibition (0%, 26.9%, 3.8%, 0.2%, and 0.4%). The GC/MS analysis revealed that quince extract contains (sorbitol, quinic acid, p-vinylphenol and cyclopropane carboxylic acid). To explore which components are involved in the inhibition process, two pure components of the quince extract (sorbitol and quinic acid) were used in inhibition assay. Neither sorbitol nor quinic acid shows any significant inhibition; therefore, these two components could be excluded from the inhibition process. Our current study suggested that p-vinylphenol and cyclopropane carboxylic acid might act as a-amylase inhibitors in vitro separately or synergistically. The possible explanation for the presence of cyclopropane carboxylic acid (CPCA) in this critical phase of the unripe fruit will be discussed. This study suggests that the unripe fruits of quince can be used as a natural starch blocker containing alpha-amylase inhibitors which would be of interest for people requiring carbohydrate restricted diets
Molecular Characterization of Nepali Potato Cultivars using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers
Get PDFRandomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to study the genetic diversity of four local cultivars of potato. Amplification with ten arbitrary decamer primers produced 29 different marker bands of which 69.0% were polymorphic. The size range of the amplified DNAs ranged between 370 bp and 2500 bp. On average, 17.5 alleles per genotype were amplified using the RAPD primers. With the selected primers sufficient polymorphism could be detected to allow identification of individual genotypes. A dendrogram displaying the relative genetic similarities between the genotypes showed a range of 55.2-69.0% similarity