Advances in BioScience
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A retrospective study of Malaria and its effect on Hematological indices in a hospital in Jizan, Saudi Arabia
Get PDFMalaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality with a major public health importance. Nearly half of the world population is at risk of malaria. In Saudi Arabia, a series of malaria outbreaks occurred in Jizan area and vigorous action was taken by the Saudi Ministry of Health to control malaria in this area. This study aimed at investigating the incidence of malaria Jizan area in 2014 and the effect of malarial infection on several hematological indices. Data were retrospectively collected for the year 2014 from Samtah General Hospital for all malaria positive cases. A total of 44 patients results were obtained for those who were diagnosed as positive for malaria together with their hematological indices and demographic data. A total of 3674 cases were suspected of malaria and only 44 cases were positive. The highest peaks of malaria cases were seen during the months of March and December. A statistically significant reduction in the WBC and Platelet count was observed in malaria positive cases. This study suggests that the malaria control in Jizan area be continued. Providing highly qualified lab personnel and microscopist in the area is very beneficial in order to achieve the malaria eradication goal
Seropositivity and awareness of Toxoplasmosis among University students
Get PDFToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that is infecting about one-third of the world population. Awareness about toxoplasmosis and its transmission can help reduce its prevalence. We examined the degree of awareness about toxoplasmosis among female university students. A total of 127 samples were collected, including 44 samples from health colleges students and 83 samples from other colleges. A questionnaire was used to measure the level of awareness about Toxoplasma gondii. Serum samples were analyzed for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody using ELISA technique. Ninety-four (74%) participants were 18-20 years, 27 (21%) were 21-24 years, and 6 (5%) were above 24 years. Only 11 (9%) students eat raw meat and 21 (17%) students had a tendency to eat undercooked meat. Furthermore, only 6 (5%) students received blood transfusion and 33 (26%) students owned a cat at home. Forty-two (33%) students answered that they know about the disease. The majority of participants (n=121, 95%) used bottled water as a source of drinking water. Among the 127 samples collected, only 6 (4.7%) had IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody. There was statistically significant positive correlation between the level of awareness about toxoplasmosis and the participant's answers about previous knowledge about the disease and a statistically significant negative correlation between the level of awareness about toxoplasmosis and the student's faculty. We recommend that this study is repeated with a larger sample size and a modified questionnaire to include more detailed questions to reveal the true level of awareness
Intestinal parasitic infections among the household staff working in Saudi family houses Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Get PDFThis study aimed to detect and examine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among the household staff of Saudi families in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. One hundred stool samples were collected from the household staff 34 female and 66 male. Stool samples were examined using the direct wet smear and the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation technique. Stages of intestinal parasites were found in 15 samples (5 from male 10 from female participants). The most prevalent species found was Blastocystis hominis and Entamoeba histolytica. The highest rate of infection was seen in expatriates from Bangladesh. The present study reflects the importance of pre-employment medical check-up and regular investigation
Water Quality Analysis of the Lake and Weather Studies at Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur
Get PDFKeoladeo National Park, situated between 27⁰ 7.6’ to 27⁰ 12.2’ N and 77⁰ 29.5 to 77⁰ 33.9’ E, is two Southeast of the Bharatpur city, 38 Km Southwest of Mathura and 50 Km West of Agra. Delhi is 180 Km. North of Bharatpur. The total area of the park is about 29 Sq.Km. It is flat with a gentle slope towards the centre forming a depression, the total area of which is about 8.5 Sq.Km. This is a main submersible area of the park. The average elevation of the area is about 174 meters. The submersible area has been divided into various unequal compartments by means of dykes
Influence of Ozone content on Light Trapped Trichoptera Species in Central Europe
Get PDFThe study deals with the connection between ozone content of air and light trap catch of ten Caddisflies (Trichoptera) species from a Jermy-type light-trap. Five species were collected in connection with the increasing the high values of the ozone content, but decrease were observed in case of four species. The results can be written down with second- or third-degree polynomials. Our results proved that the daily catches were significantly modified by the ozone content of air, expressing the different lengths and intensities of the ozone content. The different form of behaviour, however, is not linked to the taxonomic position. Further testing will be required for fuller explanation of the results
Human Population Concept in Present Scenario
Get PDFHuman population is a group of people living in a particular area at a given time. All the human beings of the world are connected biologically by the act of marriage and interbreeding. The annual population growth rate is 2.9% in Africa, which is the fastest growing region in the world. In North America it is 1.1%, in USSR is 0.5%, in Europe is 0.3%. It is believed that by 2030 China will be a population giant having 1.5 billion people and India will have 1.4 billion people.
Human population is the most powerful factor in bringing about much change in the environment because of cultural evolution. Some of his activities disturb the environment. He himself tries to conserve the environment. Human population seems to be the most powerful agent in regulating the environment. The overpopulation in cities creates an ecological imbalance which leads to severe environmental crisis and shortfall of resources and environmental disturbances. This is not likely for maintaining a sustainable environment
Biodegradation of synthetic textile dyes by thermophilic lignolytic fungal isolates
Get PDFSynthetic dyes are extensively used in different industries like textile dyeing, paper, printing, color, photography, pharmaceutics and cosmetics. These are generally toxic and carcinogenic in nature. If not treated, they will remain in nature for a long period of time as they are recalcitrant. Among these, azo dyes represent the largest and most versatile class of synthetic dyes. Approximately 10-15% of the dyes are released into the environment during manufacture and usage. Various methods are used for dye removal viz. physical, chemical, electrochemical and biological. Advantage of chemical, electrochemical and biological methods over physical involves the complete destruction of the dye, but chemical and electrochemical methods are found to be expensive and have operational problems. So the biological method is preferred over other methods for degradation/decolorization of dyes. In the present study, thermophilic lignolytic fungal culture was isolated from compost/soil/digested slurry/plant debris, were subjected for acclimatization to Remazol Brilliant Blue (RBB) at 0.05% concentration, in the malt extract broth (MEB). The most promising fungal isolates were used for further dye degradation studies. The results suggest that the isolates T10, T14 and T17 as a useful tool for degradation of reactive dyes
First Collection and Identification of Wild Mushrooms in Western Iraq
Get PDFFungi are found everywhere and affect our lives every day from mushroom to industrially important product, plant helpers, plant pathogens and to human diseases. Therefore, we concentrated our attention on fungi that can be grown in our environment, while maintaining an interest in their performance in nature. About fifteen different species were collected and identified from different villages of Heet district, Anbar province, Iraq. Out of the fifteen, two species, naming Armillaria mellea and Coprinus disseminates were identified as species level and others: Pleurotus spp., Agaricus spp., Calvatia sp., Telephora sp., Fomes sp., Lepiota sp. and Morchella sp. as genus level only. This study was aimed to collect and identify wild mushrooms that grow naturally in different orchards and gardens on 2009-2013 in Heet city. A total of 15 species in 9 genera, 9 families and 5 orders belong to woody and fleshy species were identified for the first time in Anbar province. The collected mushrooms were appearing from November to February of each year
Response to autotomy in anesthetized freshwater crab, Paratelphusa hydrodromous (Herbst)
Get PDFTo extend the knowledge of amputation and induction of autotomy, the freshwater crab Paratelphusa hydrodromous (Herbst) was chosen as a model system. Amputation of different legs of Paratelphusa hydrodromous (Herbst) was done in two conditions; normal and anesthetized crab. Autotomy of the amputated legs under normal condition was induced autotomy within seconds (1.6 to 37 seconds). However, the amputation conducted in ice cold anesthetized crab showed delayed autotomy in a wide range of time from 10.2 ± 0.83 minutes (cheliped) to 114.8 ± 4.3 minutes (2nd walking leg). The observations suggest that ice cold anesthesia lowers the signaling of pain to the brain and delays autotomy, the voluntary mechanism to escape from the predator/pain or frightened force
Marine Sourced Glycosaminoglycans ‘GAGs’
Get PDFGlobally, there is an uprising interest for availability of tangible, novel, added value, sustainable commercial exploitable therapeutic compounds from naturally derived sources. The paper will highlight bioactive compounds of therapeutic potential from marine sources such as polysaccharides, especially glycosaminoglycans. It is now well documented, and this effort combined with a green technological approach in sustainable natural biodiversity will allow the development of a new generation of therapeutics. Outsourcing for a biocompatible, non-mutational bioactive compound such as GAG’s in a worldwide research and industrial agenda. Hence, the thorough understanding on how the biosynthesis, structure and function of complex glycosaminoglycans will reveal the polysaccharides from the marine environment could provide a valid alternative to traditional polysaccharides such as glycosaminoglycans